Peb txhua tus muaj peb cov ntaub ntawv caj ces khaws cia rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm peb lub cev. Nws zoo li cov phau ntawv hauv tsev qiv ntawv loj. Peb hu cov phau ntawv no ua chromosomes. Peb loj hlob nrog ib nrab los ntawm peb niam thiab ib nrab los ntawm peb txiv. Tab sis xav txog, qee zaum ob nplooj ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv no raug rhuav tshem, thiab ib nplooj ntawv los ntawm ib phau ntawv raug lo rau lwm phau ntawv, thiab ib nplooj ntawv los ntawm lwm phau ntawv raug lo rau phau ntawv no. Yog li ntawd peb hu ua translocation hauv kev kho mob thaum qee qhov ntawm ob lub chromosomes tawg thiab hloov mus rau ib leeg. Tsis txhob ntshai thaum koj hnov lub npe no. Muaj ntau tus neeg tuaj yeem muaj qhov no, thiab lawv yuav tsis paub nws. Cia peb saib seb nws yog dab tsi tiag tiag.
Qhov kev hloov pauv caj ces no hu ua Translocation yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov kev hloov chaw yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov chromosomes. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum ib daim ntawm ib lub chromosome tawg thiab txuas rau lwm lub chromosome. Qee zaum, daim tawg ntawm lub chromosome thib ob kuj tuaj yeem txuas rau thawj.
Hauv lub nucleus ntawm txhua lub cell, muaj 23 khub ntawm chromosomes. Qhov ntawd yog tag nrho 46 chromosomes. Ntawm cov no, 22 khub tswj hwm txhua yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev (autosomes), thaum khub kawg txiav txim siab peb poj niam txiv neej (X thiab Y chromosomes).
Kev hloov chaw tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom tseem ceeb:
1. Kev Hloov Pauv Sib Xws: Qhov no yog thaum ib feem ntawm ob lub chromosomes sib txawv raug pauv. Xav txog ib daim chromosome 7 raug hloov mus rau chromosome 21, thiab ib daim chromosome 21 raug hloov mus rau chromosome 7.
2. Robertsonian Translocation: Qhov no yog thaum ib lub chromosome txuas tag nrho rau lwm lub chromosome.
Tam sim no muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb. Yog tias cov khoom no raug pauv, tab sis tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ploj lossis tau txais, peb hu nws ua Kev Hloov Chaw Sib Npaug . Ib tus neeg uas muaj qhov no feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qee cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ploj lossis tau txais vim yog qhov kev pauv no, peb hu nws ua Kev Hloov Chaw Tsis Sib Npaug . Qhov ntawd yog thaum ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv pib tshwm sim.
Puas yog nws tsuas yog kev hloov chaw xwb? Lwm yam kev hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov chromosomes
Ntxiv rau qhov kev hloov pauv, muaj ntau lwm yam kev hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov qauv ntawm cov chromosomes. Cov no kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem tsim cov protein hauv peb lub cev thiab cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb thiab cov nqaij. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi.
| Hom kev hloov pauv | Qhov tshwm sim tsuas yog |
|---|---|
| Kev rho tawm | Ib feem ntawm cov chromosome tawg thiab raug tshem tawm. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntau lossis ntau pua cov noob caj noob ces tseem ceeb hauv lub cev. |
| Kev luam theej | Ib feem ntawm cov chromosome raug theej ob zaug tsis zoo, muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog caj ces. |
| Inversion (tig ib feem mus rau lwm txoj kev) | Ib lub chromosome tawg ua ob qho chaw, tom qab ntawd qhov ntawd tig rov qab thiab rov txuas dua. |
| Lwm yam kev hloov pauv nyuaj | Tej zaum yuav muaj tej yam sib txawv uas nyuaj dua, xws li isochromosomes (chromosomes uas muaj ob txhais caj npab zoo ib yam) thiab ring chromosomes (chromosomes uas zoo li lub nplhaib). |
Thaum twg qhov kev hloov pauv no tseem ceeb?
Muaj ntau lab lub hlwb hauv peb lub cev. Yog tias tsuas yog ib lub hlwb no hloov pauv li no xwb, nws yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau. Lub hlwb ntawd yuav tuag tom qab ib pliag.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hloov pauv no tsuas yog qhov loj thiab tseem ceeb yog tias nws tshwm sim hauv niam lub qe (ovum), txiv lub phev (sperm), lossis thawj lub cell tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob (zygote).
Xav txog seb, ib lub cell ntawd ces faib thiab faib ua ib tug me nyuam tiav. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias txhua lub cell hauv tus me nyuam lub cev muaj qhov kev hloov chaw ntawd. Thaum ntawd muaj ntau yam kab mob tshwm sim vim yog qhov nce lossis txo qis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces.
Qee zaum qhov kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim tom qab tus menyuam xeeb tub lawm. Tom qab ntawd qee cov cell hauv lub cev yuav zoo li qub thiab qee cov cell yuav muaj qhov hloov chaw. Peb hu qhov no ua Mosaicism .
Cia peb saib ib qho piv txwv hauv lub neej tiag tiag.
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no zoo dua, cia peb muab ib qho piv txwv. Xav txog tias muaj ib tug neeg, cia peb hu nws ua Sunil. Sunil tsis muaj kab mob dab tsi, nws noj qab nyob zoo. Tab sis yog tias peb kuaj xyuas nws cov noob caj noob ces, nws muaj kev sib npaug ntawm nws cov chromosomes thib 7 thiab thib 21. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias cov khoom tau raug pauv, tab sis nws muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv noob caj noob ces tsim nyog hauv nws lub cev. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi.
Qhov teeb meem tshwm sim thaum ib tug me nyuam raug tsim. Thaum cov phev raug tsim hauv Sunil lub cev, cov khub chromosome sib cais. Ntawm no, hmoov tsis zoo, qee cov phev tuaj yeem nqa chromosome thib 7 nrog daim ntawm 21st txuas es tsis yog chromosome thib 7 ib txwm muaj. Tib lub sijhawm, chromosome 21st ib txwm muaj kuj tuaj yeem mus rau cov phev ntawd.
Tam sim no, yuav ua li cas yog tias cov phev no sib koom ua ke nrog lub qe noj qab haus huv thiab tus menyuam yug los? Leej niam tau txais ib qho chromosome 21st. Leej txiv (Sunil) tau txais ob qho tib si chromosome 21st ib txwm thiab ib feem ntawm chromosome 21st txuas rau chromosome 7. Tom qab ntawd, cov hlwb ntawm tus menyuam muaj peb daim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces cuam tshuam nrog chromosome 21. Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb hu ua Down syndrome .
Tam sim no koj puas nkag siab tias ib tug neeg uas muaj qhov hloov pauv sib npaug tuaj yeem muaj ib tug menyuam uas muaj qhov hloov pauv tsis sib npaug, txawm tias lawv tsis muaj tsos mob los xij?
Cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov chaw
Muaj ntau yam mob tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov chaw.
| Mob nkeeg | Cov chromosomes feem ntau cuam tshuam thiab kev piav qhia |
|---|---|
| Down syndrome | Feem ntau tus mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm muaj peb daim qauv ntawm chromosome 21 es tsis yog ob (Trisomy 21). Txawm li cas los xij, feem pua me me ntawm cov mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov chaw. Feem ntau yog kev sib pauv ntawm chromosomes 14 thiab 21. Cov menyuam no tuaj yeem muaj teeb meem hauv lub plawv, txoj hnyuv zom zaub mov, thiab tus txha nqaj qaum. |
| Kab mob qog ntshav Myelogenous ntev (CML) | Qhov no yog ib hom mob qog ntshav. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov chaw ntawm cov chromosomes 9 thiab 22. Cov chromosome tshiab 22 uas tsim los ua qhov tshwm sim hu ua Philadelphia chromosome.Qhov no ua rau muaj ib qho enzyme txawv txav, ua rau cov hlwb qog noj ntshav loj hlob tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau. |
| Lymphoma thiab lwm yam kab mob leukemia | Kev hloov chaw ntawm lwm cov chromosomes, xws li chromosomes 8 thiab 11, kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau hom leukemia thiab lymphoma. |
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Kev hloov chaw tej zaum yuav tsis muaj teeb meem (sib npaug), lossis nws yuav ua rau muaj kab mob loj (tsis sib npaug).
- Yog koj muaj kev hloov pauv uas sib npaug, koj tuaj yeem ua neej nyob zoo. Tej teeb meem uas koj yuav muaj tsuas yog thaum koj muaj menyuam xwb.
- Tus mob no tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm niam txiv, lossis nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim tshiab thaum lub sijhawm xeeb tub.
- Tsis muaj "kev kho" rau qhov kev hloov pauv, vim nws muaj nyob rau hauv txhua lub cell hauv lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm nws tuaj yeem kho tau.
- Qhov no tsis yog ib yam kab mob sib kis tau. Koj tuaj yeem sib tham nrog lwm tus, sib deev, thiab pub ntshav yam tsis muaj kev ntshai.
- Yog tias ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg muaj kab mob caj ces, lossis yog tias koj muaj kev tsis ntseeg lossis lus nug txog qhov no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum ua yog mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob lossis kws kho mob thiab tham txog nws.
💬 Comments (0)
Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus