Wetin na dis "mak" dεm we de insay di bכdi? Lɛ wi tɔk bɔt antijen dɛn!

Yu dɔn ɛva tink se wi bɔdi gɛt in yon difens sistɛm fɔ fɛt sik dɛn we de kɔmɔt na do? Yu nɔ tink se i wɔndaful? So, fɔ mek dis difens sistɛm wok, i nid fɔ gɛt we fɔ no "udat na padi ɛn udat na ɛnimi." na de dεn "antigen" dεm ya de kam insay.

Wetin rili na antijen?

Tink bɔt yu bɔdi lɛk big kɔntri. Na laik se evribodi we enta dis kontri get ID kad we de sho se dem no. Antijen dεm na rili protin dεm כ polisakrayd dεm. Dɛn kin de na do pan tin dɛm lɛk sɛl, vayrɔs, ɛn baktri dɛm. I tan lɛk lɛbl we gɛt nem pan am. Wi imyun sistεm de rid dis lεbul fכ disayd if dis na tin we de fכ di bכdi כ na invayda we kכmכt na do.

Naw luk, dɛn antijen ya nɔ de jɔs de na tin dɛn lɛk vayrɔs, baktri, pɔlin, parasayt, ɛn kansa sɛl dɛn, bɔt dɛn de insay wi yon wɛlbɔdi sɛl dɛn bak. wi kכl di antijen dεm na wi כwn bכdi "sεf." di antijen dεm we de insay bad bad tin dεm lεk vayrus εn baktri dεm dεn kכl dεm "nכn-sεlf." Dis min se wi bɔdi de no in yon sɛl dɛn ɛn i de du tin agens di wan dɛn we de kɔmɔt na do. I rili kleva, nɔto so?

Yu no di difrɛns bitwin antijen ɛn antibodi?

I kin tan lɛk se dɛn tu tin ya kin kɔnfyus smɔl, bɔt i rili simpul.

Antijen na dɛn mak dɛn de , lɛk aw a bin dɔn tɔk. Dɛn mak ya na wetin de tɛl wi bɔdi se, "Na ya pɔsin de kɔmɔt na do!"

Antibodi dεm na spεshal protin dεm we wi imyun sεl dεm de mek. Dɛn mek dɛn fɔ no ɛn pwɛl di antijen dɛn we de ambɔg dɛn. infakt, di wod antijen kכmכt frכm di aidia fכ "antibodi jεnarεtכr," we min "tin dεm we de εp fכ mek antibodi."

Antibodi dɛn rili spɛshal. εvri antibodi kin כnli no wan spεsifi k antijen. I tan lɛk ki ɛn lɔk. Na di rayt ki nɔmɔ go ebul fɔ opin di lɔk. Na so dis tu de wok.

Us kayn antijen dɛn de?

di antijen dεm kin sheb to difrεn tכp dεm dipכnt pan aw dεn kכmכt. Lɛ wi si wetin dɛn bi.

1. Ɛksojen Antijen dɛn

Na dɛn tin ya de kam insay wi bɔdi frɔm do. Jɔs tink bɔt dat, dɛn tin ya kin go insay yu bɔdi tru yu nos, yu mɔt, ɔ ivin tru wan wund na yu skin.

• Vayrɔs dɛn
• Baktri dɛn we de na di bɔdi
• Pɔlin we dɛn kɔl
• Parasayt dɛn
• Fɔngi dɛn

Ɔl dɛn tin ya de pan dis kayn.

2. Ɛndojɛnik Antijen dɛn

dis antijen dεm de fכn pan sεl dεm we de insay wi bכdi. Dɛn kin tɛl wi imyun sistɛm se "Mi na yu padi" (sɛf) ɔ "A na bad pɔsin naw, pwɛl mi" (harmful). Fɔ ɛgzampul, wi yon sɛl dɛn we gɛt baktri ɔ vayrɔs kin put dɛn kayn mak dɛn de, ɛn tɛl di imyun sistɛm fɔ pwɛl dɛn. di antijen dεm we de pan wi rεd bכdi sεl dεm εn di spεshal mak dεm we de no wi bכdi as "mayn" we dεn kכl ``(HLAs)`` (Human Leukocyte Antigens) dεn tu de pan dis kayn.

3. Ɔtoantijen dɛn

Dis na tin we kin mek pɔsin kɔnfyus smɔl. Dis na di sayn dɛm fɔ wi yon sɛl dɛm we gɛt wɛlbɔdi. כltu, sכmtεm wi imyun sistεm kin mek mistek εn atak dεn hεlty sεl dεm ya, tink se dεn na "εnimi." Na da tɛm de ɔtoimyun sik dɛn kin kam.

4. Antijen dεm we de insay di kεnsar sεl dεm (Tumor Antigens) .

Dis na spɛshal mak dɛn we de na di say we di kansa sɛl dɛn de. yu kin yεri dεm bak we dεn kכl dεm `(Tכmכr-asכsiet antijen dεm - TAA)`, `(Tכmכr-spεsifi k antijen dεm - TSA)`, `(Niכantijen dεm)` כ `(Onkojenik antijen dεm)`.

sכmtεm dεn pat dεm ya na di sem pat dεm wit nכmal sεl, bכt insay kεnsar sεl dεn de wok difrεnt (fכ egzampl, kεnsar sεl kin mek bכku mכr pan wan patikyula protin pas nכmal sεl). כda tεm dεm, dεn antijen dεm ya kin kכmכt bay di mכtεshכn dεm na di kεnsar sεl in jin dεm כ bay wan vayrus we de insay di kεnsar sεl.

Wetin na di Antijen-Prεzεnt Sεl dεm (APC)?

Dis na grup we rili impɔtant. dis sεl dεm na dεn de εp di imyun sistεm fכ se, "Na ya di fכt de kam!" wi gεt tri kayn sεl dεm ya na wi bכdi: makrofag, dεndritik sεl dεm, εn B sεl dεm.

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, dɛn de wok lɛk ditektiv dɛn we gɛt sɛns. Dɛn kin sho wetin dɛn tink se na invayda to ɔda imyun sɛl dɛn. na dat mek sכmtεm dεn kin kכl dεm "prכfεshכnal antijen-prεzεnt sεl dεm."

We dis spɛshal sɛl mit wan antijen, i kin it am, brok am to smɔl smɔl pat dɛn, dɔn i kin sho sɔm pan di pat dɛn na in sɛl. dis na lεk ``wanted posta'' fכ T sεl dεm . di t sεl dεm de kam εgzamin dεn pis dεm ya fכ antijen fכ si if dεn no dis invayda. if di antijen mach wan spεsifi k rεsεpכta pan wan T sεl, dat T sεl de tεl di rεst כf di imyun sistεm fכ ``atכk!''

Wetin kin apin we wan antijen go insay di bɔdi?

Yu bɔdi de protɛkt insɛf frɔm di bad bad antijen dɛn we de kɔmɔt na do bay we i de yuz kemikal dɛn we dɛn kɔl antibodi . We antijen go insay yu bɔdi, yu imyun sistɛmB-sεl dεm de chεk am gud gud wan.

di B-sεl dεm gεt spεshal rεsεpכta dεm we de chεk fכ si if di antijen na gud mach – lεk di ki εn lכk we wi bin dכn tכk bכt. if mach de, di B-sεl de stat fכ mek antibodi dεm. εvri antibodi we i mek gεt wan spεshal shep we kin no da antijen de.

di wok we antibodi de du na fכ fכn antijen we de mach di spεshal shep we de na in sεf. di antibodi dεm de go εn tay pan dεn antijen dεm ya. Dɔn yu imyun sistɛm kin pwɛl dɛn bad tin dɛn de.

We yu imyun sistɛm dɔn mit wan antijen, i gɛt spɛshal sɛl dɛn we de mɛmba am. Dɛn kɔl dis imyunɔlɔjik mɛmori . Dis na di rizin we mek if di sem invayda kam bak, di bɔdi kin ansa bɔku kwik ɛn fayn fayn wan.

Bɔt smɔl prɔblɛm de. Sɔmtɛm dɛn bad tin ya kin chenj, we min se dɛn antijen dɛn kin chenj dɛn shep. Dɔn wi imyun sistɛm nɔ kin ebul fɔ no dɛn, jɔs lɛk if ɔl di bɔg dɛn na yu os bin dɔn chenj we yu kɔmɔt na os!

Wetin na antijen tɛst?

Antijen tɛst de luk fɔ sɔm patikyula mak dɛm (antijen) na yu bɔdi wata, lɛk blɔd, saliva, urine, ɛn stɔl, we gɛt fɔ du wit wan patikyula sik. Dɛn kin yuse dɛn tin ya fɔ no if yu gɛt di flu ɔ vayral sik lɛk COVID-19, ɔ fɔ si aw kansa tritmɛnt de go. Dɛn kin ɛp bak fɔ chɛk pipul dɛn we go gi dɛn ɔgan ɔ fɔ gɛt transplant.

Aw dɛn kin du antijen tɛst?

dis dipכnt pan us kayn antijen yu de luk fכ.

• Fɔ vayrɔs: Dɔktɔ go ɔltɛm swab yu nos ɔ yu trot wit smɔl swab we gɛt sɔft tip. Dɔn dɛn go tɛst di swab fɔ si if i gɛt antijen frɔm di vayrɔs we dɛn de luk fɔ. Sɔm vayral antijen tɛst dɛn kin du na os (e.g., COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test). Dɛn tɛst ya kin gi rizɔlt insay lɛk 15 minit.
• Fɔ ɔda antijen tɛst (lɛk kansa mak, tisu mach): Di dɔktɔ go tek sɛmpul fɔ yu blɔd, urine, ɔ stɔl. Dɔn dɛn go sɛn am to lab fɔ chɛk fɔ di antijen we dɛn de luk fɔ.

Aw di antijen tɛst dɛn kin kɔrɛkt?

Dis dipכnt bak pan us antijen yu de luk fכ εn aw yu de tεst. Fɔ ɛgzampul, rapid antijen tɛst fɔ vayral infɛkshɔn kin kɔrɛkt pas ɔl if dɛn du am insay sɔm dez afta yu bigin fɔ gɛt di sik. Dis na bikɔs na da tɛm de di vayrɔs kin bɔku pas ɔl na di bɔdi, we kin mek i izi fɔ mek di tɛst pik.

difrεn kayn antijen tεst dεm we dεn kin yus

Na sɔm tɛst dɛn we yu go dɔn yɛri bɔt, ɔ yu bin gɛt fɔ du:

• Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test: CEA de nכmal fכ de insay lכw lεvεl insay big pipul dεm. Bɔt pan sɔm tin dɛn lɛk kansa, di lɛvɛl we di CEA de na di blɔd kin go ɔp. Dɔktɔ dɛn de wach dis lɛvɛl na CEA fɔ si if kansa tritmɛnt de wok.
• Epataytis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test: Di HBsAg test na blɔd tɛst we dɛn kin yuz togɛda wit ɔda tɛst fɔ no if pɔsin gɛt epatitis B.
• di hכman lukosayt antijen (HLA) tεst: כl di sεl dεm na wi bכdi, pas wi rεd bכdi sεl dεm, gεt in yon sεt fכ HLA dεm. we dεn de transplant כgan כ stεm sεl dεm, dεn de chεk di dכna εn di rεsεpεnt fכ si if dεn gεt di sem HLA dεm. Dɛn kin chɛk di pɔsin we gɛt di mɛrɛsin bak fɔ si if dɛn gɛt antibodi dɛn we de agens di HLA dɛn we di pɔsin we gi di mɛrɛsin gɛt. if dεn du dat, di bכdi kin atak di nyu כgan (dεn kכl dis graft versus host disease). fכ mכst transplant fכ bi saksesful, di dכna εn di rεsipiεnt nid fכ gεt gud mach insay HLA dεm. Bɔt dɛn nɔ nid fɔ bi di sem tin.
• Prɔstat-spɛsifi k antijen (PSA) tɛst: PSA lɛvɛl kin go ɔp pan man dɛn we gɛt prɔstat kansa ɔ pan di wan dɛn we nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ prɔstat prɔblɛm. Dis PSA tɛst kin bi as pat pan wan rutin mɛdikal ɛgzam.
• SARS-CoV-2 ɔ COVID-19 Antijen Tɛst: Sɔntɛnde dɛn kin kɔl dis "rapid test." I de luk fɔ di prɛzɛns fɔ antijen frɔm di vayrɔs we de mek COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, insay wan sampul we dɛn tek frɔm yu nos ɔ trot. Yu kin du dis na os wit tɛst kit ɔ dɔktɔ.

Wetin na di antijen dɛn we de na di blɔd grup?

Sɔntɛm yu dɔn yɛri bɔt blɔd tayp A, B, AB, ɛn O. Dɛn lɛta ya rili de tɔk bɔt di kayn antijen dɛn we de na yu rɛd blɔd sɛl dɛn. Yu kin bɔn wit ɛni wan pan di A ɔ B antijen dɛn, ɔ ɔl tu (tayp AB blɔd), ɔ nɔ gɛt ɛni wan pan dɛn (tayp O blɔd). Dɛn kɔl dis di ABO blɔd grup sistɛm.

di "+" ɔ "-" sayn na yu blɔd tayp de sho if yu gɛt ɔda antijen we dɛn kɔl Rhesus factor ɔ Rh factor . Yu kin dɔn yɛri bak se yu na "Rhesus positive" ɔ "Rhesus negative."

if yu bכdi sεl dεm gεt antijen, yu bכdi no se i "frenli" εn i nכ go mek antibodi dεm agens am. If nɔto dat, yu imyun sɛl dɛn go atak di blɔd we gɛt da antijen de.

In ɔda wɔd, if yu blɔd tayp na A, yu antibodi dɛn go atak blɔd wit di B antijen. Ɛn na di sem tin kin apin to di ɔda we. if yu bכdi tכp na AB, yu bכdi de si כl tu di antijen dεm A εn B as "frenli" εn i nכ go atak dεm. If yu blɔd tayp na O, yu gɛt antibodies agens ɔl tu di antijen A ɛn B.

Na dat mek i rili impɔtant fɔ mek yu mach yu blɔd tayp we yu de gi blɔd. If dɛn gi yu blɔd we nɔ de mach yu blɔd tayp, i kin mek yu bɔdi gɛt siriɔs imyun riakshɔn.

Smɔl mɔ bɔt di Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) .

HLA dεm na spεshal mak dεm we de sho yu sεl dεm as "sεf," we min se dεn de fכ yu bכdi. כl di sεl dεm pas yu rεd bכdi sεl dεm gεt HLA dεm.

Yu kin tink bɔt `(HLA)` as blɔd tayp, bɔt dɛn kɔmpleks pas dat. Fɔ ɛgzampul, wi ɔl gɛt bɔku `(HLA)`, so i rili rare fɔ fɛn ɔda pɔsin wit di ɛksaktɔl sem `(HLA)` kɔmbaynshɔn.

Yu kin gɛt antibodi dɛm agens yu yon HLA dɛm, we kin mek yu gɛt ɔtoimyun sik. If yu nid fɔ transplant stem sɛl, yu go nid fɔ du HLA tɛst fɔ fɛn di wan we go mach yu. If na so i bi, di pɔsin we go mared pas ɔlman na in fambul we de nia am, lɛk mama, papa, brɔda, ɔ sista.

Fɔ dɔn, tin dɛn we wi fɔ mɛmba

Yu nɔ tink se i go fayn if ɔl wetin wi kin mit we wi de go wok gɛt lɛbl we se "dis gud, dis bad"? Wɛl, antijen na wan tin we rili yusful we de ɛp wi imyun sistɛm fɔ du ɛksaktɔli dat.

Yu dɔktɔ kin ɔda fɔ mek dɛn du antijen tɛst fɔ mek dɛn chɛk yu ɔltɛm, fɔ wach wan sik we de go bifo, ɔ fɔ no if yu gɛt di vayrɔs. Na dɛn kayn tɛm dɛn de, mek shɔ se yu aks ɛni kwɛstyɔn we yu gɛt bɔt aw ɛn wetin mek dɛn de du di tɛst. I impɔtant fɔ mek dɛn no bɔt yu wɛlbɔdi biznɛs.

` Antijen, antibodi, imyun sistεm, antijen tεst, blכd grup, HLA, infεkshכn