Wali weebuuzizzaako engeri emibiri gyaffe gye giwanyisiganyaamu obubaka obutonotono okulwanyisa endwadde n’okuyambagana? Waliwo ebitundu by’emibiri gyaffe ebikola ng’ababaka abatono ab’ekyama.
Cytokines kibinja kya ddagala erikola omulimu ogw’enjawulo bwe gutyo. Leero, tugenda kwogera ku babaka bano abatonotono naye nga bakulu nnyo.
Ddala cytokines kye ki?
Mu ngeri ennyangu, cytokines kika kya puloteyina. Ziringa ababaka b'eddagala abawuliziganya amawulire mu
baserikale baffe abaserikale b'omubiri . Lowooza ku baserikale baffe abaserikale b’omubiri ng’eggye erikuuma eggwanga. Eggye lino lirina
amatabi ag’enjawulo , abajaasi. Ani olwo asindika abajaasi bano (i.e. immune cells) obubaka nga, "Wano w'ajja omulabe!" "Genda wano olwane!" "Weekuume bw'otyo!"? Ekyo
cytokines zino kye zikola.
Obuwuka obuleeta endwadde nga obuwuka, akawuka, bakitiriya oba alergy bwe buyingira mu mibiri gyaffe, cytokines zino zigamba obutoffaali bwaffe obuziyiza endwadde "okutandika okukola, okulwanyisa abalumbaganyi bano." Tekikoma awo, naye cytokines zino ziyamba okukuuma abaserikale baffe abaserikale nga bakola bulungi era nga bakwatagana ne bannaabwe, ne bwe kiba nga tewali bulabe eri emibiri gyaffe. Nga obubaka bwe buwanyisiganyizibwa okusobola okukuuma ofiisi yaffe ng’etambula bulungi.
Bika ki ebya cytokines ebiriwo?
Waliwo ebika bingi eby’enjawulo eby’abantu mu kika kino eky’ababaka ebiyitibwa cytokines. Byonna bitegeeza obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri gye bulina okugenda n’eky’okukola. Naye waliwo ebika ebiwerako, okusinziira ku mirimu gyabyo egy’enjawulo. Ka tulabe ebika ebikulu ebitonotono.
- Chemokines: Zino ze "balambika." Balinga GPS. Zino ze zilungamya obutoffaali bw'abaserikale b'omubiri okutuuka mu kifo awabeera yinfekisoni, nga zibagamba nti, "Mujje mu kkubo lino."
- Interferons: Erinnya lyenyini lya bino litegeeza "okuyingirira." Okuyingirira kitegeeza ki? Zikola nga ziyimiriza akawuka okuyingira mu butoffaali bwaffe ne zikola akawuka akalala (‘okukoppa’). Kiringa okuteeka ekipande ekiraga akawuka ekigamba nti, "Tewakyali kugenda wano!"
- Interleukins: Erinnya lino liva mu bigambo "inter" (wakati) ne "leukocyte" (obutoffaali obweru). Edda kyalowoozebwa nti eddagala lino liwuliziganya wakati w’obutoffaali obweru bwokka. Kyokka kati kizuuliddwa nti nazo zikolebwa obutoffaali obulala era nga nazo ziwuliziganya wakati w’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obutali bweru.
- Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF): Kino kiwulikika ng’erinnya ery’obukambwe katono, si bwe kiri? Omulimu gwayo omukulu kwe...Kifuga okuzimba , ekitegeeza okuzimba n’okumyuuka. Era eraga obutoffaali bw'abaserikale b'omubiri okusaanyaawo obutoffaali bw'ekizimba .
- Ensonga ezisitula amakoloni (CSF): Zino ziringa "abaddukanya ekkolero ly'obutoffaali" mu mubiri gwaffe. Kubanga, waliwo ekika ky’obutoffaali eky’enjawulo ekiyitibwa blood stem cells (HSC) . Obutoffaali buno busobola okukola obutoffaali obw’engeri zonna ng’obutoffaali obweru, obutoffaali obumyufu, n’obutoffaali obuyitibwa platelets. "Enkola eno ey'okufulumya" ( Hematopoiesis ) eyambibwako "CSF" eno, kwe kugamba, egamba obutoffaali obusibuka "okukola obutoffaali obw'ekika kino". Okugeza, " G-CSF " eyamba okukola ekika ky'obutoffaali obweru obuyitibwa "Neutrophil" . Ebirungo bino ebiyitibwa neutrophils bikulu nnyo mu kulwanyisa yinfekisoni.
Cytokines endala ezimu zituumiddwa amannya g’ekika ky’obutoffaali obuzikola.
- Lymphokines: Kubanga zikolebwa ekika ky’obutoffaali obweru obuyitibwa lymphocytes.
- Monokines: Kubanga zikolebwa ekika ky’obutoffaali obweru obuyitibwa monocytes.
Buyambi ki obuyitibwa cytokines bwe buwa emibiri gyaffe?
Bwe twogera ku cytokines, abantu abasinga balowooza ku
kuzimba . Bwe tulowooza ku kuzimba, tulowooza ku kuzimba n’okumyuuka ebinyiiza ebibaawo mu kiseera ky’obulwadde oba alergy. Naye okuzimba mu butuufu kabonero akalaga nti obutoffaali bw’omubiri gwaffe obuziyiza endwadde bulwanyisa abalumbaganyi oba okuwonya ebitundu ebifunye ebisago.
Teebereza bw’osala engalo, ekitundu ne kizimba ne kimyufu, nedda? Ekyo kwe kuzimba. Ekyo kitegeeza nti cytokines zisindikibwayo, nga zigamba nti, "Waliwo ekizibu wano, jjangu otunule, era owonye ekiwundu," era obutoffaali obukwatagana ne buleetebwa ne butandika okukola.
Kale, cytokines ziringa ababaka ba kemiko ababuulira obutoffaali "engeri y'okweyisaamu." Okusinga ziraga ebintu nga:
- Okukola kw’obutoffaali: Kibuulira obutoffaali gye bugenda n’eky’okukola. Ng’ekyokulabirako, kilungamya obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri mu kifo awabeera obuwuka okulwanyisa obuwuka obuli eyo. Era kiraga okwongera oba okukendeeza ku nkola ezikwatagana n’okuzimba.
- Enjawulo y’obutoffaali:Kino kiringa essomero eritendeka abantu. Zitwala obutoffaali obutakuze ne butendeka okubeera "kino kye kika ky'obutoffaali bw'oyagala okubeera ng'okula." Okugeza, batwala akatoffaali akato ne kakafuula akatoffaali akazungu akasobola okulwanyisa obuwuka.
- Okukula kw'obutoffaali: Kino kitegeeza "kufuula abantu bangi nga ggwe." Kiba ng’okukola photocopy. Okugeza, bw'oba weetaaga obutoffaali obweru obusingawo okulwanyisa yinfekisoni, okola akabonero ku butoffaali bwo obweru obuliwo "okufuula abantu bangi okukusiima."
Si ekyo kyokka, naye oluusi cytokines nazo ziwa obubonero obutoffaali bw'omubiri gwaffe "okukola cytokines eziwera." Olwo okuddamu kw’okuzimba kweyongera n’okusingawo.
Njawulo ki eriwo wakati wa cytokines eziyamba okuzimba n’eziziyiza okuzimba?
Abaserikale baffe ab’omubiri bwe baba nga bakola bulungi, obusimu obuyitibwa cytokines buleeta okuzimba nga bwe kyetaagisa okulwanyisa abalumbaganyi n’okuwonya ebitundu by’omubiri. Olwo, ne bagamba nti, "Okay, ekyo kimala, ekyo," ne bakendeeza ne bayimiriza okuzimba. Kiringa
accelerator (gas pedal) ne buleeki ku mmotoka.
- Cytokines eziyamba okuzimba: Zino ze "gas pedals." Bano be ba ggaayi abawa obubonero okuzimba okutandika n’okweyongera. Omulabe bw'ayingira mu mubiri gwaffe, bagamba nti, "Buli muntu, mwetegeke olutalo!"
- Cytokines eziziyiza okuzimba: Zino ze "buleeki". Zino ze ziraga nti ziyimiridde n'okukendeeza ku kuzimba . Kubanga, singa okuzimba kweyongera nnyo, era kuyinza okwonoona ebitundu ebirungi ebiri mu mubiri gwaffe. Bino bye biremesa ekyo.
Okubeera omutuufu, okukomya okuzimba kikulu nnyo ng’okukitandika. Okuzimba ennyo kuyinza okuvaako obubonero obutanyuma, okulwala okumala ebbanga eddene, ate oluusi singa tebujjanjabwa, kiyinza okutta omuntu.
Cytokines zino zikola zitya?
Kino kibaawo mu ngeri ennyangu ennyo. Lowooza ku cytokine nga
ekisumuluzo , era waliwo
`receptor` ku katoffaali ekwatagana n'ekisumuluzo ekyo. Cytokine (ekisumuluzo) bw'egenda n'eyingira mu `receptor` eyo ku katoffaali ako, obutoffaali obwo bufuna obubaka "Kiki eky'okukola?". Olwo akatoffaali ako kakola okusinziira ku bubaka obwo. Ka tulabe ekyokulabirako. Singa obumu ku butoffaali bwaffe obuziyiza endwadde butegeera ekintu eky’obulabe, gamba ng’akawuka, munda mu mubiri, akatoffaali ako kafulumya ekirungo ekiyitibwa cytokine. Cytokine eno etambula mu musaayi oba mu bitundu by’omubiri n’esanga akatoffaali akalina `receptor` akakwatagana nayo. Cytokine bwesiba ku `receptor` eyo, obutoffaali obufuna obubaka obwo bufuna ekiragiro. Mpozzi akatoffaali ako kagenda kugenda awali akawuka katandike okukalumba. Oba, ejja kunyweza obuziyiza bwayo okutangira akawuka kano okuyingira. Cytokines zisobola okuweereza obubaka eri akatoffaali akaazifulumya, eri obutoffaali obuli okumpi, oba n’obutoffaali obuli ewala.
- Okusindika obubaka mu katoffaali kaayo (`Autocrine signaling`):Cytokine yeekwata ku receptor ku cell eyagifulumya.
- Paracrine signaling: esiba ku bikwata ku butoffaali obuli okumpi.
- Endocrine signaling: Cytokines zeekwata ku receptors ku cells ewala okuva ku cell eyazifulumya.
Waliwo obutoffaali mu mibiri gyaffe gyonna obulina cytokine `receptors. Mu butuufu, ebitundu bingi mu mibiri gyaffe birimu obutoffaali obulina `receptors` zino.Eno y’ensonga lwaki okuzimba kuyinza okubaawo wonna.
Cytokines ziva wa? Ani azikola?
Cytokines ezisinga okubeera mu mubiri gwaffe zikolebwa
obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde , nga buno butoffaali bwa musaayi obweru (leukocytes). Ebimu ku bino mulimu:
- Ensigo eziyitibwa Macrophages
- Obutoffaali obuyitibwa dendritic cells
- Ensigo z’omusaayi (T ne B lymphocytes) .
- Ebiwuka ebiyitibwa Monocytes
- Ebirungo ebiyitibwa Neutrophils
- Ebiwuka ebiyitibwa Basophils
- Ebirungo ebiyitibwa Eosinophils
- Obutoffaali obuyitibwa mast cells
Naye si butoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri bwokka, ebika by’obutoffaali ebirala bingi mu mubiri gwaffe bisobola okukola obutoffaali obuyitibwa cytokines. Wano waliwo ebyokulabirako ebitonotono:
- Endothelial cells: Obutoffaali obubeera mu layini munda mu misuwa gyaffe.
- Obutoffaali obuyitibwa epithelial cells: Obutoffaali obukola layini z’ebitundu byaffe.
- Fibroblasts: Obutoffaali obusangibwa mu bitundu ebiyunga.
- Obutoffaali bwa stromal: Ekika ekirala eky’obutoffaali obusangibwa mu bitundu ebiyunga.
- Obutoffaali bwa Schwann: Obutoffaali obwetoolodde obutoffaali bw’obusimu (neurons).
Ekika kya cytokine kye kimu kisobola okukolebwa ebika by’obutoffaali eby’enjawulo.
Endwadde ki eziyinza okukwatagana ne cytokines?
Cytokines zeetaagisa nnyo eri abaserikale baffe, era zibadde zikwatagana n’endwadde nnyingi ze tusobola okufuna. Mu budde obwa bulijjo, cytokines ziyamba okutukuuma nga tetulina yinfekisoni. Kyokka oluusi abaserikale baffe abaserikale b’omubiri basobola okukola ebirungo ebiyitibwa cytokines bingi nnyo. Kino kiyinza okuba nga kiddamu okukwatibwa yinfekisoni oba ng'ekimu ku bujjanjabi ng'obujjanjabi
bw'abaserikale b'omubiri . Kino kiyitibwa
obulwadde bwa cytokine release syndrome (CRS) oba
omuyaga gwa cytokine . Kino kiyinza okuvaako obubonero obw’enjawulo obukosa enkola nnyingi ez’omubiri gwaffe. Singa embeera eno tegijjanjabwa, eyinza okutta omuntu. Bwe wabaawo cytokines nnyingi nnyo, okuddamu kw’okuzimba kweyongera. Okuzimba kuno okuyitiridde kuyinza okwonoona ebitundu by’omubiri, ekivaako endwadde nga:
- Endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri: Kino obutoffaali bwaffe obw’abaserikale b’omubiri bwe bulumba obutoffaali bwaffe obulamu mu nsobi.
- Obuzibu mu nkyukakyuka mu mubiri:Ebizibu ebikwata ku nkyukakyuka y’emmere, enkola emibiri gyaffe gye gikyusa emmere okugifuula amaanyi ne giggyawo kasasiro.
- Kookolo
- Sepsis: Kino omubiri bwe gufuuka ogw’amaanyi ennyo ne kiba nti omusaayi okugenda mu bitundu ebikulu gukendeera. Sepsis mbeera ya mangu ey’obujjanjabi era eyinza okutta omuntu.
Naye teweeraliikiriranga. Singa omubiri gwo guba n’obusimu obuyitibwa cytokine obweyongedde ate ng’abaserikale b’omubiri bakola nnyo, omusawo asobola okukuwa obujjanjabi okukendeeza ku buzimba obwo.
Ekipande kya cytokine kye ki?
Abasawo basobola okuzuula oba omubiri gwo gukola ebirungo ebiyitibwa cytokines bingi oba bitono. Kino bakikola n'ekintu ekiyitibwa
cytokine panel . Kino kyangu okukebera omusaayi. Bakwata sampuli y’omusaayi gwo ne bakebera emiwendo gya cytokines ezikwatagana n’okuzimba. Singa emiwendo gya cytokine giba mingi, kitegeeza nti waliwo okuzimba okweyongera. Olwo, eddagala eryetaagisa liyinza okutandika.
Ebintu ebikulu bye twetaaga okujjukira okuva mu mboozi eno bye bino
Kale, osanga kati otegedde engeri cytokines gye ziri enkulu eri abaserikale b’omubiri abalamu mu mubiri gwaffe. Okufaananako ekintu kyonna,
okubeera n’obutebenkevu kye kisumuluzo.
Obubaka bwa cytokine bwe buba mu bungi obutuufu era mu ngeri entuufu, busobola okutukuuma obutakwatibwa yinfekisoni. Naye singa emiwendo gya cytokine giba mingi nnyo, okuzimba okuyitiridde okuvaamu kuyinza okuba okw’obulabe singa tekujjanjabwa.
N’olwekyo, kikulu nnyo okumanya empuliziganya eno eyeewuunyisa ebeerawo munda mu mibiri gyaffe. Bw’oba olina ekibuuzo kyonna oba ky’obuusabuusa ku nsonga eno, tolwawo kwogera na musawo.
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