Omwana wo omuto yandiba nga alina obuzibu n’obuwuka buno (Haemophilus influenzae)? Tubeere bamanyi!

Oh, okutya n’okweraliikirira bye tuwulira ng’abaana baffe abato balwadde tebinnyonnyolwa, si bwe kiri? Ffenna tulwanagana n’ebintu ng’omusujja ogutera, okusesema, n’omusujja. Naye oluusi n’abaana baffe basobola okufuna yinfekisoni ezisingako katono ku ndwadde zino eza bulijjo. Olwaleero tugenda kwogera ku buwuka obuyinza okukwata abaana abali wansi w’emyaka etaano, wamu n’abantu abakulu abalina abaserikale b’omubiri abanafuye. Erinnya lya obuwuka buno ye `Haemophilus influenzae`.

`Obulwadde bwa ssennyiga omukambwe` kye ki?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, Haemophilus influenzae kika kya bakitiriya. Obuwuuka buno busobola okuleeta yinfekisoni ez’enjawulo. Ebimu ku byo biyinza okuba ebitonotono, gamba ng’obulwadde bw’amatu. Naye oluusi, obuwuka buno busobola okuleeta yinfekisoni ez’amaanyi ennyo, n’okutta omuntu, ng’obutwa mu musaayi.

Yinfekisoni zino zisinga kukwata baana abali wansi w'emyaka etaano . Ate era, abantu abalina abaserikale b’omubiri abanafuye (okugeza, abantu abalina endwadde ezimu ezitawona, gamba ng’abalwadde ba kookolo) bali mu bulabe bwa maanyi obw’okulwala endwadde okuva mu bakitiriya bano.

Yinfekisoni ezimu eza H. influenzae ze tuyita yinfekisoni “eziyingirira”. Kwe kugamba, obuwuka buno buyingira mu bitundu by’omubiri gwaffe ebitaliimu buwuka. Ng’ekyokulabirako, singa obuwuka buno buyingira mu mazzi ageetoolodde obwongo bwaffe n’omugongo, buyinza okuvaako obulwadde bwa meningitis, okuzimba obwongo. Eno mbeera ya bulabe nnyo . Ebika by’endwadde zino eziyingira mu mubiri zitera okwetaaga okuweebwa ekitanda mu ddwaaliro n’okujjanjabibwa, era oluusi ziyinza n’okuviirako okufa.

`Haemophilus influenzae` ekika kya b (Hib) kye ki?

Obuwuuka bwa Haemophilus influenzae businga kugabanyizibwa mu bibinja bibiri. Ekimu kye kika kya “encapsulated”, ate ekirala kya “non-encapsulated”. “Encapsulated” kitegeeza nti obuwuka buno bulina ekibikka eky’ebweru ekikuuma, ng’ekisusunku. Ekisusunku kino kisobozesa obuwuka buno okugumira eddagala erimu eritta obuwuka. Bakitiriya zino ezisibiddwa mu kisenge ziddamu okugabanyizibwamu ebibinja ebitonotono okuva ku “a” okutuuka ku “f”.

Ekisinga okumanyika era eky’obulabe ku bino ye Haemophilus influenzae type b, gye tuyita Hib mu bufunze . Obulwadde bwa Hib businga kukwata baana abali wansi w’emyaka etaano n’abantu abasukka mu myaka 65. Era zitera okuleeta endwadde mu bantu abalina abaserikale b’omubiri abanafuye. Okugeza nga:

• Abantu abalina `Obulwadde bwa sickle cell`.
• Abantu abatalina nnywanto (asplenia).
• Abantu abalina obuzibu mu nkola ya antibody oba complement system.
• Abantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu.
• Abantu abafuna eddagala eriweweeza ku ddagala, ery’amasannyalaze, oba abakyusiddwa obusigo bw’amagumba olw’obulwadde bwa kookolo.

Ekirungi, tusobola okwekuuma obulwadde buno obwa Haemophilus influenzae type b nga tukozesa eddagala erigema Hib. Kino tujja kukyogerako oluvannyuma.

Haemophilus influenzae ereeta ssennyiga?

Kino kintu ekitabula abantu bangi. Newankubadde erinnya `Haemophilus influenzae` lirina `influenzae` mu lyo, obuwuka buno tebuleeta ssennyiga (ssennyiga) . Obwo bulwadde obuleetebwa akawuka ak’enjawulo. Kyokka nga bwe kyayogeddwako emabegako, obuwuka buno busobola okuleeta endwadde endala nnyingi ez’amaanyi.

Endwadde ki eziyinza okuva ku `Haemophilus influenzae`?

Bino bye bimu ku ndwadde n’obulwadde obukulu obuyinza okuva ku buwuka buno:

• Obulwadde bw’okutu (Otitis Media): Yinfekisoni y’okutu okwa wakati, emabega w’olususu lw’okutu. Kino kitera okubaawo mu baana abato.
• Bronchitis: Embeera ng’obutundutundu obutono obw’empewo (bronchi) mu mawuggwe bukwatibwa obuwuka, ne buzimba, ne buvaamu omusulo oguyitiridde.
• Obulwadde bw’olususu n’ebitundu by’omubiri (`Cellulitis`): Obuwuuka buyingira mu lususu n’ebitundu ebiri wansi nga buyita mu kiwundu oba ekisaliddwa.
• Epiglottitis: Obulwadde bwa epiglottis, akawuuwo akatono emabega w’emimiro gyaffe akabikka omudumu gw’empewo nga tumira. Eno mbeera ya maanyi nnyo era ya bulabe, kuba eyinza okuleeta obuzibu mu kussa.
• Pneumonia: Obulwadde bw’amawuggwe agamu oba gombi. Mu kino, amawuggwe gazimba ne gajjula omusulo.
• Meningitis: Obulwadde bw’obuwuka obuyitibwa membranes (meninges) obwetoolodde obwongo n’omugongo.
• Septicemia: Obuwuuka buyingira mu musaayi ne busaasaana mu mubiri gwonna. Kino nakyo kya bulabe nnyo.
• Septic arthritis: Yinfekisoni y’olususu lw’ekiwanga. Kitera okubaawo ng’obulwadde obulala awalala mu mubiri busaasaana okutuuka ku kiwanga nga buyita mu musaayi.

Jjukira nti ezimu ku ndwadde zino naddala Epiglottitis ne Meningitis zisobola okufuuka ez’amaanyi amangu ddala. N’olwekyo, kikulu nnyo okunoonya amagezi g’abasawo amangu ddala ng’olaba obubonero.

Ani asinga okukosebwa obulwadde bwa Haemophilus influenzae?

Eddagala lya Hib liri mu nteekateeka ya bulijjo ey’okugema abaana mu ggwanga lyaffe. N’olwekyo obulwadde bwa H. influenzae businga kukwata baana abatannagemebwa ddagala lya Hib. Abalongo abatamaliriza kugema lunyiriri nabo bali mu bulabe.

H. influenzae era kigambibwa nti esinga kubeera mu baana enzaalwa z’e Alaska, ne bwe baba nga bagemeddwa. Era bukosa abantu abasukka mu myaka 65 n'abalina abaserikale b'omubiri abanafuye .

`Haemophilus influenzae` ya bulijjo etya?

Mu Amerika, omuwendo gw’obulwadde buno gwakendeera nnyo oluvannyuma lw’okuleeta eddagala lya Hib erigema abaana mu 1987 n’eri abaana abawere mu 1990.Nga eddagala lino terinnatandikibwawo, abaana nga 20,000 abali wansi w’emyaka 5 be bafuna obulwadde obw’amaanyi obwa Hib buli mwaka, ate nga 1,000 ne bafa. Naye olw’okugema, obulwadde bwa Hib obw’amaanyi bukendedde ebitundu ebisoba mu 99% okuva mu 1991. Mu mwaka gwa 2019, abaana nga 0.15 ku 100,000 abali wansi w’emyaka 5 baafuna obulwadde bwa Hib.

Kati, obulwadde bwa Haemophilus influenzae obusinga obungi mu bibinja by’emyaka byonna buva ku H. influenzae etali ya kika. Mu mwaka gwa 2019, abaana 1.62 ku 100,000 abali wansi w’emyaka 5 be baafuna obulwadde obw’ekika kino. Kati, ekisinga okuvaako yinfekisoni zino mu baana kiri mu abo abatagemeddwa oba abatannaba kumaliriza lunyiriri lwa kugema mu bujjuvu . Mu bantu abakulu ab’emyaka 65 n’okudda waggulu, omuwendo gw’abakwatibwa obulwadde bwa H. influenzae obutali bwa kika guli 4.88 ku buli 100,000.

Bubonero ki obwa `Haemophilus influenzae`?

Obubonero bwa Haemophilus influenzae mu baana abawere n’abaana abato businziira ku bulwadde obw’enjawulo bwe balina. Ka tulabe obubonero bw’endwadde entonotono ezikulu.

Obulwadde bw'amatu (`Otitis Media`) Obubonero:

• Obulumi mu matu (omwana ayinza okukwata okutu n’akaaba) .
• Endya
• Obutawummula buli kiseera, okukaaba
• Ebbula ly'otulo
• Omusujja
• Okufuluma ng’amazzi okuva mu kutu
• Obuzibu mu kuwulira (omwana omukulu katono ajja kwogera bw’atyo) .

Obubonero bw’obulwadde bw’ennyindo:

• Okusesema okutera, okusesema okw’omusulo
• Omubiri ogutalina bulamu
• Okuwunya
• Omusujja
• Okukaluubirirwa okussa

Obulwadde bw’olususu (Cellulitis) Obubonero:

• Obulumi mu kifo ekirimu obuwuka, okulumwa ng’okwatako
• Okuzimba
• Okuwulira ebbugumu ng’okwatako
• Okukyusa langi y’olususu (okumyuuka, okufuuka kakobe) .
• Okuzimba ebizimba
• Omusujja n’okuziyira
• Okukola ennyo

Obubonero bwa Epiglottitis (kino kya mangu!):

• Okulumwa ennyo emimiro
• Omusujja
• Eddoboozi eritali lya bulijjo, erikambwe ng’ossa (stridor) .
• Okukaluubirirwa okumira
• Okufuuwa amalusu
• Obuzibu obw’amaanyi mu kussa (omwana ayinza okugezaako okussa ng’agolola ensingo n’amwesigamira mu maaso) .

Obubonero bw’ekifuba:

• Omusujja n’okuziyira
• Okusesema (kuyinza okuba nga kwa musulo oba okukalu) .
• Okukaluubirirwa okussa, okussa obubi
• Okutuuyana
• Obulumi mu kifuba
• Okulumizibwa omutwe
• Obulumi mu binywa
• Okukola ennyo

Obubonero bw’obulwadde bw’okuzimba omutwe (kino nakyo kya mangu!):

• Omusujja ogw’amaanyi
• Omutwe ogw’amaanyi
• Obulago obukaluba (obutasobola kufukamira mu maaso) .
• Okukola ennyo
• Endya
• Okusesema n’okuziyira
• Obutawummula, okunyiiga
• Okusoberwa
• Okukonziba

Obubonero bwa Septicemia (kino nakyo kya mangu!):

• Omusujja n’okuziyira
• Obulumi mu lubuto
• Okusesema n’okuziyira
• Embiro
• Okweraliikirira oba okutabulwa
• Okukola ennyo
• Okukaluubirirwa okussa, okussa obubi

Obubonero bw'okukwatibwa endwadde z'ennyondo (`Septic Arthritis`):

• Omusujja
• Obulumi mu binywa, okunyirira
• Okuzimba kw’ennyondo
• Ebbugumu okutuuka ku kukwatako
• Obutasobola kutambuza bulungi kiyungo (limited range of motion) .

Kiki ekivaako obulwadde bwa Haemophilus influenzae?

Kati tukimanyi nti `Haemophilus influenzae` kika kya bakitiriya. Waliwo ebika bya bakitiriya bino mukaaga, okuva ku a okutuuka ku f. Ebika ebirala biba bibaliriddwa nga "ebitayinza kuwandiikibwa". Ku zino, ekika kya b, oba `Hib`, kye kivunaanyizibwa ku 95% ku yinfekisoni ez’amaanyi, eziyingira mu mubiri.

Mu budde obutuufu obuwuka buno bubeera mu nnyindo ne mu mumiro gwaffe. Ebiseera ebisinga, tezireeta buzibu bwonna eyo. Kyokka obuwuka buno bwe bugenda mu bitundu by’omubiri ebirala, buleeta yinfekisoni.

Obulwadde bwa Haemophilus influenzae busiigibwa?

Yee. Bw’oba ​​togemesebwa era n’okuuma obuwuka buno, oyinza okulwala obulwadde bwa Haemophilus influenzae.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) esiigibwa etya?

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) esaasaanyizibwa okuva ku muntu okudda ku mulala okuyita mu matondo g’okussa agakolebwa omuntu alina akawuka ng’asesema oba okusesema . Amatondo gano galimu obuwuka buno, ate abalala bayinza okulwala singa bassa mu butondo buno. Era kiyinza okusaasaana ng’okwatagana nnyo, okumala ebbanga eddene n’omuntu alina obuwuka buno mu nnyindo oba mu mumiro (ne bw’aba nga talaga bubonero). Bannasayansi balowooza nti obuwuka bwa Hib tebusobola kubeera ku bintu ebitali biramu oba mu butonde.

Nsobola okusigala nga ndi mulunzi okumala bbanga ki?

Abakugu tebakakasa "ekiseera ky'okufumbirwa" ekituufu ekya Haemophilus influenzae - ekiseera ekitwala obubonero okulabika oluvannyuma lwa obuwuka okuyingira mu mubiri. Kyokka abanoonyereza balowooza nti obubonero buno busobola okulabika mu nnaku ntono ng’amaze okukwatibwa obulwadde buno.

Obulwadde bwa Haemophilus influenzae buzuulibwa butya?

Omusawo wo ajja kutera okuzuula obulwadde bwa H. influenzae ng’akeberebwa omulundi gumu oba okusingawo mu laboratory. Bayinza okutwala sampuli y’omusaayi gwo, amazzi g’omugongo, amazzi g’ennyondo, amazzi g’omu kibumba (amazzi ageetoolodde amawuggwe), oba ekyuma ekiwunyiriza mu matu aga wakati .

Okugezesebwa okusooka kuyitibwa `Gram staining`. `Gram stain` eno ekebera obuwuka mu sampuli n'ekika kya bakitiriya ekivaako obulwadde buno. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omusawo wo ayinza n'okukola `culture` y'omusaayi oba amazzi g'omubiri okukakasa oba obuwuka buliwo.

`Haemophilus influenzae` erimu gram-positive oba gram-negative?

Wansi wa `Gram stain`, obuwuka bukyuka okuva ku emu ku langi bbiri (pinki okudda ku kiragala oba kakobe okudda ku bbulu). Ziteekebwa mu kibinja kya `Gram-negative` oba `Gram-positive`. `Haemophilus influenzae` ye gram-negative `coccobacillus` (obuwuka obumpi, obulinga omuggo) . Bwe zitunuulirwa mu microscope, zirabika nga zimyufu. Bakitiriya aba Gram-negative balina ekisusunku eky’ebweru ekikaluba. Kino kibakuuma era kizibuwalira okutta. Zigumira eddagala eritta obuwuka erisinga obungi eririwo, era obuwuka buno busobola okufuna engeri empya ez’okuwona okulumbibwa.

Obulwadde bwa Haemophilus influenzae bujjanjabwa butya?

Obujjanjabi bwa Haemophilus influenzae businziira ku kika kya yinfekisoni oba obulwadde bw’olina. Ebiseera ebisinga eddagala eritta obuwuka liweebwa okulwanyisa obulwadde buno . Wabula kikulu okujjukira nti obuwuka bwa H. influenzae busobola okugumira eddagala eritta obuwuka.

Okusinziira ku buzibu bw’embeera yo, oyinza okwetaaga obujjanjabi obulala mu ddwaaliro. Obujjanjabi buno buyinza okuli:

• Obuyambi mu kussa – oxygen eweebwa okuyita mu face mask (`face mask oxygen`) oba `intubation` (okuyingiza tube mu windpipe n’okugiyunga ku kyuma).
• Okugaba eddagala lya steroids mu misuwa.
• Eddagala erijjanjaba puleesa eya wansi.
• Okulabirira ebiwundu ku lususu olwonoonese.
• Okulongoosa okufulumya amazzi ku bulwadde bw’ennyondo (`Septic Arthritis`).

Waliwo eddagala erigema `Haemophilus influenzae`?

Yee, waliwo! Omwana wo osobola okumugema eddagala lya Hib okumukuuma obutakwatibwa bulwadde bwa Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna (CDC) kiwa amagezi nti abaana bonna abali wansi w’emyaka 2 bafune eddagala lino . Mu Sri Lanka, era eyingizibwa mu nteekateeka y’eggwanga ey’okugema.

Omusawo w’omwana wo ajja kutera okuwa eddagala lya Hib mu ddoozi ssatu oba nnya.

• Omwana wo ajja kufuna ddoozi esooka ku myezi 2 egy'obukulu .
• Dozi eyookubiri eweebwa ku myezi 4 .
• Singa ddoozi nnya ziweebwa, ddoozi eyookusatu eweebwa ku myezi 6 .
• Olwo, ddoozi esembayo (booster) eweebwa wakati w’emyezi 12 ne 15 okumaliriza omuddirirwa gw’okugema.

Oluvannyuma lw’omuddirirwa guno ogusooka ogw’okugema, wakati wa 95% ne 100% ku baana bafuna emiwendo gy’obutafaali obuziyiza obulwadde bwa Hib .

Eddagala lya Hib liyinza okuweebwa ng’eddagala limu [`PRP-T (ActHIB)`, `PRP-T (Hiberix)` oba `PRP-OMP (Pedvax HIB)`] oba ng’ekitundu ky’eddagala erigema okugatta [`DTap-IPV-Hib (Pentacel)` oba `DTap-IPV-Hib-Hep B (Vaxelis)`]. Eddagala erigema okugatta kwe kugatta eddagala erigema eriwerako eriweebwa mu kiseera kye kimu.

Eddagala erigema Hib liziyiza yinfekisoni eziva ku Haemophilus influenzae type b. Wabula tekiziyiza yinfekisoni ezireetebwa ebika ebirala ebya H. influenzae. Okuziyiza ebika bya H. influenzae ebirala, emikono gy’omwana gikuume nga miyonjo era gikuume wala n’abantu abalwadde. Omwana muyigirize engeri y’okunaaba mu ngalo ng’akyali muto.

Kiki ekibaawo singa omwana wange afuna obulwadde bwa Haemophilus influenzae?

Enteebereza y’obulwadde bwa H. influenzae esinziira ku kika n’obuzibu bw’embeera y’omwana wo. Singa obulwadde buno buzuulibwa ne bujjanjabwa nga bukyali , omusawo w'omwana wo asobola okufuga obulwadde buno.

Kyokka, ne bwe baba n’eddagala eritta obuwuka, yinfekisoni ezimu eza H. influenzae zisobola okuleeta ebizibu ebiwangaala . Okugeza omwana ayinza okufiirwa ekitundu ky’omubiri olw’obulwadde bw’omusaayi. Abantu nga 20% abafuna obulwadde bwa meningitis (okuzimba obwongo) bayinza okubulwa okuwulira okw’olubeerera oba obuzibu obulala obw’obusimu. Wakati wa 3% ne 6% ku baana bonna abafuna obulwadde bwa Hib bafa obulwadde buno.

Y'ensonga lwaki tugamba nti okugema kikulu nnyo . Ate era, okunoonya amagezi g’abasawo amangu ddala ng’olaba obubonero kiyinza okutaasa obulamu.

Omwana wange yandibadde alaba ddi omusawo?

Singa omwana wo alaga obubonero bwonna obw’obulwadde bwa H. influenzae, olina okumutwala ew’omusawo mu bwangu . Okuzuula amangu n’okujjanjaba kyetaagisa nnyo ku yinfekisoni zino eza bakitiriya.

N’ekisembayo, ebintu by’olina okujjukira (Obubaka bw’okutwala awaka) .

Obuwuuka obuyitibwa `Haemophilus influenzae` busobola okuleeta endwadde ez'enjawulo, okuva ku yinfekisoni entonotono, ennyangu okutuuka ku yinfekisoni ez'amaanyi ennyo, ezitta obulamu. Engeri esinga okuziyiza yinfekisoni zino kwe kugema . Ekitongole kya CDC (World Health Organization) kiwa amagezi omwana wo okugemebwa ekika kya `Haemophilus influenzae` ekisinga okumanyibwa, ekika kya b (`Hib`). Era eyingizibwa mu nteekateeka y’eggwanga ey’okugema mu Sri Lanka.

Singa omwana wo alaga obubonero bwa `H. influenzae` infection, tomala biseera era olabe omusawo amangu ddala . Omwana wo gy’akoma okufuna obujjanjabi amangu, emikisa gye egy’okuwona n’okuwona gye gikoma okubeera emirungi. Ng’abazadde, kikulu nnyo gye tuli buli kiseera okubeera obulindaala ku bulamu bw’abaana baffe.

` Haemophilus influenzae, Hib, yinfekisoni za bakitiriya, endwadde z’abaana, okugema, obulwadde bw’okuzimba omutwe, ekifuba