Wali owuliddeko ku HTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1)? Ka twogere ku nsonga eno!

Oboolyawo owulidde ku virus nga `HIV`. Naye oyinza okuba nga towulidde nnyo ku kawuka ka `HTLV-1`. Kino nakyo kika kya kawuka ekiyinza okuyingira mu butoffaali bw’omubiri gwaffe ne kireeta endwadde. Naye teweeraliikiriranga, eri abantu abasinga kino tekijja kuba kizibu kinene. Naye kirungi okumanya, nedda? Kale ka tulabe `HTLV-1` kye ki, engeri gy'ekulaakulana, ne kiki ekiyinza okukolebwako.

`HTLV-1` kye ki? Ka tukitegeere mu ngeri ennyangu!

`HTLV-1` kitegeeza `Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1` . Kino kiri mu kibinja kya akawuka akayitibwa `Retrovirus`. Ojjukira nti twayogera ku kawuka ka `HIV` (HIV) nga ka `Retrovirus`? Ekimu ku bintu eby’enjawulo ebiri mu `Retrovirus` zino kwe kuba nti bwe ziyingira mu butoffaali bwaffe, amawulire gazo ag’obuzaale, kwe kugamba, `ekintu kyazo eky’obuzaale`, gayingizibwa mu `DNA` (DNA) y’obutoffaali bwaffe. Kuba akafaananyi ng’akawuka kayingidde mu kompyuta.

Akawuka ka `HIV` n'akawuka ka `HTLV-1` byombi bilumba `T cells` mu baserikale baffe abaserikale b'omubiri. Naye engeri gye bakola ya njawulo nnyo. `HIV` asaanyaawo `T cells` era anafuya abaserikale b'omubiri. Naye `HTLV-1` tesaanyawo `T cells` nga zino. Mu butuufu, abantu bangi abakwatibwa `HTLV-1` tebalaga bubonero bwonna. Babeera ng’abantu abalamu obulungi.

Kyokka, abantu abatono ennyo abakwatibwa obulwadde buno bafuna embeera bbiri oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mingi, oboolyawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 30 ku 60. Ekimu kika kya kookolo w’omusaayi ayitibwa Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL oba ATLL). Endala bulwadde bwa busimu obuyitibwa HTLV-1- associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

Waliwo ebika ebirala ebya `HTLV`?

Yee, waliwo ebika bya akawuka ka `HTLV` akawerako akakwata abantu. Okugeza, waliwo `HTLV-1`, `HTLV-2`, `HTLV-3` ne `HTLV-4`. Bino byonna bivaako okukwatibwa obulwadde obulamu bwonna. Wabula okutuusa kati, `HTLV-1` yokka y’ereeta endwadde ezenjawulo.

Kino `HTLV-1` kya bulijjo kitya? Kiri mu Sri Lanka?

Akawuka ka `HTLV` kasangibwa mu bitundu by'ensi bingi. Abakugu bateebereza nti abantu abali wakati w’obukadde 5 ne 20 mu nsi yonna be bakwatibwa `HTLV-1`. Wabula omuwendo gw’abakwatibwa obulwadde buno gwawukana nnyo wakati w’amawanga n’ebitundu.

Okugeza, mu North America, abantu abatakka wansi wa 1% be balina. Kyokka mu bitundu by’e Japan, Afirika, South Amerika, Australia, Iran, n’ebitundu ebimu eby’omu Caribbean, abantu abasukka mu kimu kya kusatu kigambibwa nti balina obulwadde buno. Kizibu okufuna ebikwata ku mbeera eri mu Sri Lanka mu ngeri entegeerekeka, naye kikulu okumanya akawuka ng’ako.

Bubonero ki obulaga kino? Kituuka ku buli muntu?

Nga bwe kyayogeddwako emabegako,Abantu abasinga obungi abakwatibwa obulwadde bwa HTLV-1 tebalaga bubonero bwonna. Tebamanyi na nti balina akawuka kano. Obubonero bulabika nga wayise emyaka gyokka oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa, ng’embeera ezoogeddwako emabegako, nga ATL oba HAM/TSP, zikula.

Obubonero bwa `ATL` (Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma) buyinza okuli:

• Okuwulira nga okooye buli kiseera (`Fatigue`) .
• Okusiiyibwa ku lususu, embeera eziringa eczema
• Ensigo ezizimba – gamba nga mu bulago, mu nnyindo, ne mu kisambi
• Obuteeyabya
• Okubulwa okujjukira, okutabulwa
• Obulumi bw’amagumba

Obubonero bwa `HAM/TSP` (HTLV-1-associated myopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) buyinza okuli:

• Obunafu oba okukaluba okweyongera mpolampola mu kigere ekimu oba byombi
• Obulumi bw’omugongo
• Obutakwata musulo
• Okuzirika mu bitundu by’omubiri, okuwunya (Peripheral neuropathy) .

Endwadde ki endala eziyinza okuva ku `HTLV-1`?

Abantu nga omu ku buli 20 (nga 5%) abakwatibwa akawuka ka HTLV-1 bafuna embeera eziyitibwa ATL (kookolo) oba HAM/TSP (obulwadde bw’obusimu).

• `ATL` kika kya kookolo ekikula mu musaayi . Era erina ebika ebitonotono ebiwerako (nga `acute`, `lymphoma`, `smoldering`, `chronic`). Obujjanjabi n’okuteebereza buli kika biyinza okwawukana katono.
• `HAM/TSP` bulwadde obukosa obusimu. Kirina ebimu ebifaanagana n’obulwadde bwa `Multiple Sclerosis` (`MS`). Kireeta obunafu bw’ebinywa n’obuzibu obugenda mu maaso ku busimu.

Ng’oggyeeko endwadde zino ebbiri enkulu, abanoonyereza bakizudde nti HTLV-1 era esobola okuleeta endwadde ezimu ezizimba n’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde . Kyokka enkolagana entuufu wakati waabwe n’okutuusa kati tennategeerekeka bulungi. Ezimu ku ndwadde zino mulimu:

• Obulwadde bw’olususu
• Obulwadde bw’endwadde z’enkizi
• Okuzimba ebitundu by’eriiso eby’omunda (`Uveitis`) .
• Obulwadde bwa Sjögren

Endwadde ezeekuusa ku HTLV-1 zikula zitya? Lwaki buli muntu tazifuna?

Akawuka ka `HTLV-1` bwe kayingira mu mibiri gyaffe, kagenda butereevu mu butoffaali bwa `CD4` (era obumanyiddwa nga `helper T-cells`) mu baziyiza baffe. Obutoffaali buno obwa `CD4` bulinga abaserikale ba poliisi mu mubiri gwaffe, ekika ky'obutoffaali obuyamba okutukuuma obutakwatibwa bulwadde.

Kati, retroviruses nga HTLV-1 zitambuza amawulire gazo ag’obuzaale mu molekyu eyitibwa RNA. Bwe ziyingira mu butoffaali bwaffe, akawuka kakyusa RNA yaako mu magezi ne kafuuka ekintu ekifaananako ne DNA erimu ebikwata ku butoffaali bwaffe. Olwo, ekitundu kya DNA (ekiyitibwa provirus) kye kikoze kyeyingiza mu DNA y’obutoffaali bwaffe. Mu ngeri endala, akawuka kayingiza ekitundu kyakyo mu pulogulaamu efugira obutoffaali bwaffe.

Kati obutoffaali bwaffe, nga bulowooza nti ekitundu ky’akawuka ka `DNA` kitundu kyabwo, butandika okukola kkopi endala ez’akawuka. Kopi zino empya ezikoleddwa akawuka ka `HTLV` zigenda ne zisiiga obutoffaali obulala bungi obwa `CD4`. Newankubadde akawuka kano kasaasaana mu mubiri mu ngeri eno, ebiseera ebisinga tekaleeta bubonero bwonna.

Wabula mu bantu abamu, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mingi, yinfekisoni eno ereetera omubiri gwabwe okukola `T cells` nnyingi. Awo we wabaawo embeera eyitibwa `ATL` leukemia. Mu mbeera endala, akawuka kano kasobola okusiiga obusimu ne kaleeta embeera eyitibwa `HAM/TSP`. Lwaki kino kituuka ku bantu abamu bokka ekyanoonyezebwa.

Akawuka kano aka `HTLV-1` kasiigibwa katya okuva ku muntu omu okudda ku mulala?

Waliwo engeri enkulu eziwerako akawuka ka `HTLV-1` mwe kayinza okusiigibwa. Kikulu nnyo okumanya bino:

• Okuyita mu kwegatta: okwegatta mu bukyala, mu nnywanto oba mu kamwa nga tolina bukuumi.
• Okuva ku maama okutuuka ku mwana ng’ayita mu kuyonsa: Maama alina obulwadde bw’ayonsa omwana we.
• Nga bagabana empiso: Naddala mu bantu abakuba ebiragalalagala.
• Tekitera kubaawo: Nga bayita mu kuteekebwamu omusaayi oba okukyusa ebitundu by’omubiri. Wabula mu mawanga mangi kati abantu abagaba omusaayi n’ebitundu by’omubiri byekebejjebwa okulaba oba tebirina kawuka kano, n’olwekyo okusaasaana nga bayita mu nkola zino tekutera kubaawo.

Ani ali mu bulabe obw’amaanyi obw’okulwala `HTLV-1`?

Waliwo ensonga eziwerako ezongera obulabe bw’okukwatibwa obulwadde bwa HTLV-1:

• Okukuba eddagala empiso nga tolina ddagala.
• Okuzaalibwa oba okubeera mu kitundu akawuka ka `HTLV` we kasinga.

Ebitundu ebimu ebirimu emiwendo mingi egy’obulwadde bwa HTLV-1 mulimu:

• Southwest Japan
• Amawanga ga Afrika mu bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu lya Sahara (`Sub-Saharan Africa`)
• Ebitundu ebimu ebya South America
• Ebizinga by’e Caribbean
• Obukiikakkono bwa Iran
• Australia ey’omu masekkati

Ekikulu: Ne mu nsi emu, omuwendo gw’abakwatibwa obulwadde tegufaanagana mu bitundu byonna. Ebitundu ebimu ebitonotono biyinza okuba n’omuwendo omunene ogw’okukwatibwa, ne bwe kiba nti okutwalira awamu omuwendo mutono.

Bizibu ki ebiyinza okuva mu bulwadde bwa HTLV-1?

Akawuka ka `HTLV-1` kokka tekanafuya baserikale ba mubiri. Naye singa `ATL` (kookolo) oba `HAM/TSP` (obulwadde bw'obusimu) ekula, abaserikale b'omubiri basobola okunafuwa.Kino kiyinza okuvaako yinfekisoni ez’omukisa ezitasangibwa mu bantu balamu. Ezimu ku yinfekisoni zino ziyinza okutta omuntu.

Ozuula otya mu butuufu obulwadde bwa `HTLV-1`?

Abasawo bazuula obulwadde bwa HTLV-1 nga bakebera omusaayi. Okukebera kuno kunoonya antibodies (antibodies) ezikoleddwa mu mubiri okulwanyisa akawuka ka HTLV, oba okubeerawo kw’obuzaale bw’akawuka (RNA).

Kyokka kino si kigezo kya bulijjo eri buli muntu. Omusawo ayinza okukusindika okukeberebwa kuno mu mbeera zino wammanga:

• Bw’oba ​​olina embeera y’obujjanjabi (e.g., obubonero bwa ATL oba HAM/TSP) bw’olowooza nti eyinza okuba nga yeekuusa ku bulwadde bwa HTLV-1.
• Bw’oba ​​obeera mu kitundu omuli obulwadde bwa HTLV era ng’oteekateeka okuyonsa.
• Bw’oba ​​osuubira okufuuka omugabi w’omusaayi oba omugabi w’ebitundu by’omubiri (kino kati kikakatako mu bifo bingi).

Waliwo obujjanjabi bwa `HTLV-1`? Kisobola okuwona?

Mu butuufu, tewali ddagala lyonna eriwonya akawuka ka `HTLV-1`. Kwe kugamba, akawuka kano tekasobola kuggyibwawo ddala mu mubiri. Wabula waliwo obujjanjabi ku ndwadde `ATL` ne `HAM/TSP` ezireetebwa `HTLV-1`.

Bino bikozesebwa ng’obujjanjabi bwa `ATL` (kookolo):

• Eddagala erikozesebwa ku bika ebirala eby’obulwadde bwa lymphoma, okugeza eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde .
• Eddagala eritta akawuka, nga zidovudine (Retrovir®) ne interferon alfa. Wabula si bika bya ATL byonna nti biddamu eddagala lino eritta akawuka.
• Okusimbuliza obutoffaali obusibuka mu mubiri . Kino tekisoboka eri buli muntu alina ATL. Naye singa kituuka ku buwanguzi, kiyinza okwongera ennyo ku bulamu bw’omuntu.

Ku bantu abalina `HAM/TSP` (obulwadde bw'obusimu), obujjanjabi buno bukozesebwa okufuga obubonero n'okuwa obuweerero:

• `Ekiwuka ekiyitibwa Interferon alfa`.
• Okukendeeza ku kuzimba n'eddagala lya `Corticosteroids`.
• Ekirungo kya interferon beta. Kino kiyinza okuyamba okukendeeza ku buzimba n’okuziyiza obusimu okwonooneka.
• Kendeeza ku kuzimba ebinywa n’okukaluba ng’okozesa Baclofen (Lioresal ®) oba tizanidine.
• Oxybutynin ku buzibu bw’okufulumya omusulo.

Kiki ekibaawo singa mba nnina `HTLV-1`? Nsaanidde okweraliikirira?

Kino kye kintu ekisinga obukulu. Si buli muntu alina akawuka ka HTLV-1 nti ajja kufuna oba ATL oba HAM/TSP. Mu butuufu, abasinga obungi ku abo abakwatibwa obulwadde buno basobola okubeera mu bulamu obwa bulijjo nga tebafunye ndwadde zino ez’amaanyi.

Kyokka bw’ofuna embeera zino, endowooza esinziira ku kika ky’olina. Abantu abalina ebika bya ATL ebifuuwa omukka oba ebitawona bayinza okuvaamu ebirungi okusinga abo abalina ebika ebirala. Wadde nga HAM/TSP etera okweyongera okusajjuka okumala ekiseera, osobola okuwangaala okumala emyaka mingi oluvannyuma lw’okuzuulibwa.

Nnyinza ntya okwekuuma akawuka kano aka `HTLV-1`? Waliwo engeri yonna gye tuyinza okubuziyiza?

Yee, waliwo ebintu bye tuyinza okukola okutangira okusaasaana kw’akawuka ka `HTLV-1`.

• Okukebera omusaayi n’ebitundu by’omubiri ebiweereddwayo okulaba oba tebirina bulwadde bwa HTLV-1 kiyinza okuyamba okutangira akawuka kano okusaasaana.
• Osobola okukola ebintu bino okukendeeza ku bulabe bwo obw’obuntu:
• Weewale okukuba eddagala empiso nga tolina ddagala.
• Weewale okuddamu okukozesa empiso ze zimu ez’empiso oba okuzigabana n’abalala.
• Weewale okwegatta nga tolina bukuumi. Bulijjo kozesa kondomu ya latex mu kiseera ky’okwegatta eky’ekika kyonna (mu bukyala, mu bukyala, oba mu kamwa).
• Bw’oba ​​okebeddwa n’ofuna obulwadde bwa HTLV-1, weewale okuyonsa n’okugaba omusaayi. Bw’oba ​​olina HTLV-1 era ng’oyagala okuyonsa, funa amagezi okuva eri omusawo alina obumanyirivu mu HTLV-1. Okufulumya amata g’amabeere n’ogateeka mu firiigi, n’oluvannyuma n’ogasaanuusa, kiyinza okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okusiiga akawuka kano eri omwana wo, naye kikulu okugenda mu basawo amagezi nga tonnakikola.

`HTLV` positive kitegeeza ki?

Okubeera `HTLV` positive kitegeeza nti olina `HTLV-1` oba ekika ekirala ekya `HTLV` mu mubiri gwo. Tekitegeeza nti ddala ojja kukulaakulanya `ATL` oba `HAM/TSP`. Bwoba olina `HTLV-1`, waliwo okwegendereza kw'oyinza okukola okwewala okusaasaanya akawuka kano mu balala (nga obutayonsa, okwewala okwegatta nga tolina bukuumi).

`HTLV` eno ya bulabe etya?

Akawuka ka `HTLV`, bwe kamira kokka, katera obutaba ka bulabe era tekaleeta bubonero. Naye kikulu okukimanya, kubanga `HTLV-1` oluusi esobola okuleeta kookolo, endwadde z'obusimu, oba embeera z'okuzimba.

Ddi lwe nnina okulaba omusawo?

Bw’oba ​​olina ebibuuzo ku kwekebeza HTLV-1, oba ng’olina HTLV-1 era ng’oyagala okumanya okwegendereza kw’osaanidde okukola, kakasa nti oyogera n’omusawo. Kikulu nnyo naddala okukimanya kino bw’oba ​​obeera mu kitundu omuli HTLV-1.

N’ekisembayo, ebintu by’olina okujjukira

Okay, kale twogedde nnyo ku `HTLV-1,' si bwe kiri? Jjukira nti newankubadde kano kawuka akasangibwa mu nsi yonna, tebutera kubeera mu bifo bingi. Ekitundu kitono nnyo ku buli kikumi ku abo abakwatibwa obulwadde buno be bafuna obulwadde obw’amaanyi.

Ekisinga obukulu, tofaayo ku kukeberebwa nti olina HTLV-1.Abantu abasinga basobola okubeera mu bulamu obulungi nga tebalina bubonero bwonna. Kyokka okubeera ng’omanyi akawuka kano, engeri gye kasaasaana, n’engeri y’okukaziyiza kiyinza okukuyamba okwekuuma n’abo abakwetoolodde.

Bw’oba ​​olina ekibuuzo ekirala kyonna ku nsonga eno, tolwawo kubuuza musawo wa famire yo oba omusawo amanyi ku nsonga eno. Sigala nga oli mulamu bulungi!

` HTLV-1, Retrovirus, ATL, HAM/TSP, Kookolo, Obulwadde bw’obusimu, Obulwadde bw’akawuka