Wali owuliddeko ku HTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1)? Ka twogere ku nsonga eno!

Oboolyawo owulidde ku virus nga HIV. Naye oyinza okuba nga towulidde nnyo ku kawuka ka HTLV-1. Kino nakyo kika kya kawuka ekiyinza okuyingira mu butoffaali bw’omubiri gwaffe ne kireeta endwadde. Naye teweeraliikiriranga, eri abantu abasinga kino tekijja kuba kizibu kinene. Naye kirungi okumanya, nedda? Kale ka tulabe HTLV-1 kye ki, engeri gy'ekulaakulana, ne kiki ekiyinza okukolebwako.

HTLV-1 kye ki? Ka tukitegeere mu ngeri ennyangu!

HTLV-1 kitegeeza Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1 . Kino kiri mu kibinja kya akawuka akayitibwa Retrovirus. Ojjukira nti twayogera ku kawuka ka HIV (HIV) nga ka Retrovirus? Ekimu ku bintu eby’enjawulo ebiri mu Retrovirus zino kwe kuba nti bwe ziyingira mu butoffaali bwaffe, amawulire gazo ag’obuzaale, kwe kugamba, ekintu kyazo eky’obuzaale, gayingizibwa mu DNA (DNA) y’obutoffaali bwaffe. Kuba akafaananyi ng’akawuka kayingidde mu kompyuta.

Akawuka ka HIV n'akawuka ka HTLV-1 byombi bilumba T cells mu baserikale baffe abaserikale b'omubiri. Naye engeri gye bakola ya njawulo nnyo. HIV asaanyaawo T cells era anafuya abaserikale b'omubiri. Naye HTLV-1 tesaanyawo T cells nga zino. Mu butuufu, abantu bangi abakwatibwa HTLV-1 tebalaga bubonero bwonna. Babeera ng’abantu abalamu obulungi.

Kyokka, abantu abatono ennyo abakwatibwa obulwadde buno bafuna embeera bbiri oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mingi, oboolyawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 30 ku 60. Ekimu kika kya kookolo w’omusaayi ayitibwa Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL oba ATLL). Endala bulwadde bwa busimu obuyitibwa HTLV-1- associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

Waliwo ebika ebirala ebya HTLV?

Yee, waliwo ebika bya akawuka ka HTLV akawerako akakwata abantu. Okugeza, waliwo HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 ne HTLV-4. Bino byonna bivaako okukwatibwa obulwadde obulamu bwonna. Wabula okutuusa kati, HTLV-1 yokka y’ereeta endwadde ezenjawulo.

Kino HTLV-1 kya bulijjo kitya? Kiri mu Sri Lanka?

Akawuka ka HTLV kasangibwa mu bitundu by'ensi bingi. Abakugu bateebereza nti abantu abali wakati w’obukadde 5 ne 20 mu nsi yonna be bakwatibwa HTLV-1. Wabula omuwendo gw’abakwatibwa obulwadde buno gwawukana nnyo wakati w’amawanga n’ebitundu.

Okugeza, mu North America, abantu abatakka wansi wa 1% be balina. Kyokka mu bitundu by’e Japan, Afirika, South Amerika, Australia, Iran, n’ebitundu ebimu eby’omu Caribbean, abantu abasukka mu kimu kya kusatu kigambibwa nti balina obulwadde buno. Kizibu okufuna ebikwata ku mbeera eri mu Sri Lanka mu ngeri entegeerekeka, naye kikulu okumanya akawuka ng’ako.

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Bubonero ki obulaga kino? Kituuka ku buli muntu?

Nga bwe kyayogeddwako emabegako,Abantu abasinga obungi abakwatibwa obulwadde bwa HTLV-1 tebalaga bubonero bwonna. Tebamanyi na nti balina akawuka kano. Obubonero bulabika nga wayise emyaka gyokka oluvannyuma lw’okukwatibwa, ng’embeera ezoogeddwako emabegako, nga ATL oba HAM/TSP, zikula.

Obubonero bwa ATL (Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma) buyinza okuli:

• Okuwulira nga okooye buli kiseera (Fatigue) .
• Okusiiyibwa ku lususu, embeera eziringa eczema
• Ensigo ezizimba – gamba nga mu bulago, mu nnyindo, ne mu kisambi
• Obuteeyabya
• Okubulwa okujjukira, okutabulwa
• Obulumi bw’amagumba

Obubonero bwa HAM/TSP (HTLV-1-associated myopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) buyinza okuli:

• Obunafu oba okukaluba okweyongera mpolampola mu kigere ekimu oba byombi
• Obulumi bw’omugongo
• Obutakwata musulo
• Okuzirika mu bitundu by’omubiri, okuwunya (Peripheral neuropathy) .

Endwadde ki endala eziyinza okuva ku HTLV-1?

Abantu nga omu ku buli 20 (nga 5%) abakwatibwa akawuka ka HTLV-1 bafuna embeera eziyitibwa ATL (kookolo) oba HAM/TSP (obulwadde bw’obusimu).

• ATL kika kya kookolo ekikula mu musaayi . Era erina ebika ebitonotono ebiwerako (nga acute, lymphoma, smoldering, chronic). Obujjanjabi n’okuteebereza buli kika biyinza okwawukana katono.
• HAM/TSP bulwadde obukosa obusimu. Kirina ebimu ebifaanagana n’obulwadde bwa Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Kireeta obunafu bw’ebinywa n’obuzibu obugenda mu maaso ku busimu.

Ng’oggyeeko endwadde zino ebbiri enkulu, abanoonyereza bakizudde nti HTLV-1 era esobola okuleeta endwadde ezimu ezizimba n’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde . Kyokka enkolagana entuufu wakati waabwe n’okutuusa kati tennategeerekeka bulungi. Ezimu ku ndwadde zino mulimu:

• Obulwadde bw’olususu
• Obulwadde bw’endwadde z’enkizi
• Okuzimba ebitundu by’eriiso eby’omunda (Uveitis) .
• Obulwadde bwa Sjögren

Endwadde ezeekuusa ku HTLV-1 zikula zitya? Lwaki buli muntu tazifuna?

Akawuka ka HTLV-1 bwe kayingira mu mibiri gyaffe, kagenda butereevu mu butoffaali bwa CD4 (era obumanyiddwa nga helper T-cells) mu baziyiza baffe. Obutoffaali buno obwa CD4 bulinga abaserikale ba poliisi mu mubiri gwaffe, ekika ky'obutoffaali obuyamba okutukuuma obutakwatibwa bulwadde.

Kati, retroviruses nga HTLV-1 zitambuza amawulire gazo ag’obuzaale mu molekyu eyitibwa RNA. Bwe ziyingira mu butoffaali bwaffe, akawuka kakyusa RNA yaako mu magezi ne kafuuka ekintu ekifaananako ne DNA erimu ebikwata ku butoffaali bwaffe. Olwo, ekitundu kya DNA (ekiyitibwa provirus) kye kikoze kyeyingiza mu DNA y’obutoffaali bwaffe. Mu ngeri endala, akawuka kayingiza ekitundu kyakyo mu pulogulaamu efugira obutoffaali bwaffe.

Kati obutoffaali bwaffe, nga bulowooza nti ekitundu ky’akawuka ka DNA kitundu kyabwo, butandika okukola kkopi endala ez’akawuka. Kopi zino empya ezikoleddwa akawuka ka HTLV zigenda ne zisiiga obutoffaali obulala bungi obwa CD4. Newankubadde akawuka kano kasaasaana mu mubiri mu ngeri eno, ebiseera ebisinga tekaleeta bubonero bwonna.

Wabula mu bantu abamu, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mingi, yinfekisoni eno ereetera omubiri gwabwe okukola T cells nnyingi. Awo we wabaawo embeera eyitibwa ATL leukemia. Mu mbeera endala, akawuka kano kasobola okusiiga obusimu ne kaleeta embeera eyitibwa HAM/TSP. Lwaki kino kituuka ku bantu abamu bokka ekyanoonyezebwa.

Akawuka kano aka HTLV-1 kasiigibwa katya okuva ku muntu omu okudda ku mulala?

Waliwo engeri enkulu eziwerako akawuka ka HTLV-1 mwe kayinza okusiigibwa. Kikulu nnyo okumanya bino:

• Okuyita mu kwegatta: okwegatta mu bukyala, mu nnywanto oba mu kamwa nga tolina bukuumi.
• Okuva ku maama okutuuka ku mwana ng’ayita mu kuyonsa: Maama alina obulwadde bw’ayonsa omwana we.
• Nga bagabana empiso: Naddala mu bantu abakuba ebiragalalagala.
• Tekitera kubaawo: Nga bayita mu kuteekebwamu omusaayi oba okukyusa ebitundu by’omubiri. Wabula mu mawanga mangi kati abantu abagaba omusaayi n’ebitundu by’omubiri byekebejjebwa okulaba oba tebirina kawuka kano, n’olwekyo okusaasaana nga bayita mu nkola zino tekutera kubaawo.

Ani ali mu bulabe obw’amaanyi obw’okulwala HTLV-1?

Waliwo ensonga eziwerako ezongera obulabe bw’okukwatibwa obulwadde bwa HTLV-1:

• Okukuba eddagala empiso nga tolina ddagala.
• Okuzaalibwa oba okubeera mu kitundu akawuka ka HTLV we kasinga.

Ebitundu ebimu ebirimu emiwendo mingi egy’obulwadde bwa HTLV-1 mulimu:

• Southwest Japan
• Amawanga ga Afrika mu bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu lya Sahara (Sub-Saharan Africa)
• Ebitundu ebimu ebya South America
• Ebizinga by’e Caribbean
• Obukiikakkono bwa Iran
• Australia ey’omu masekkati

Ekikulu: Ne mu nsi emu, omuwendo gw’abakwatibwa obulwadde tegufaanagana mu bitundu byonna. Ebitundu ebimu ebitonotono biyinza okuba n’omuwendo omunene ogw’okukwatibwa, ne bwe kiba nti okutwalira awamu omuwendo mutono.

Bizibu ki ebiyinza okuva mu bulwadde bwa HTLV-1?

Akawuka ka HTLV-1 kokka tekanafuya baserikale ba mubiri. Naye singa ATL (kookolo) oba HAM/TSP (obulwadde bw'obusimu) ekula, abaserikale b'omubiri basobola okunafuwa.Kino kiyinza okuvaako yinfekisoni ez’omukisa ezitasangibwa mu bantu balamu. Ezimu ku yinfekisoni zino ziyinza okutta omuntu.

Ozuula otya mu butuufu obulwadde bwa HTLV-1?

Abasawo bazuula obulwadde bwa HTLV-1 nga bakebera omusaayi. Okukebera kuno kunoonya antibodies ) ezikoleddwa mu mubiri okulwanyisa akawuka ka HTLV, oba okubeerawo kw’obuzaale bw’akawuka (RNA).

Kyokka kino si kigezo kya bulijjo eri buli muntu. Omusawo ayinza okukusindika okukeberebwa kuno mu mbeera zino wammanga:

• Bw’oba ​​olina embeera y’obujjanjabi (e.g., obubonero bwa ATL oba HAM/TSP) bw’olowooza nti eyinza okuba nga yeekuusa ku bulwadde bwa HTLV-1.
• Bw’oba ​​obeera mu kitundu omuli obulwadde bwa HTLV era ng’oteekateeka okuyonsa.
• Bw’oba ​​osuubira okufuuka omugabi w’omusaayi oba omugabi w’ebitundu by’omubiri (kino kati kikakatako mu bifo bingi).

Waliwo obujjanjabi bwa HTLV-1? Kisobola okuwona?

Mu butuufu, tewali ddagala lyonna eriwonya akawuka ka HTLV-1. Kwe kugamba, akawuka kano tekasobola kuggyibwawo ddala mu mubiri. Wabula waliwo obujjanjabi ku ndwadde ATL ne HAM/TSP ezireetebwa HTLV-1.

Bino bikozesebwa ng’obujjanjabi bwa ATL (kookolo):

• Eddagala erikozesebwa ku bika ebirala eby’obulwadde bwa lymphoma, okugeza eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde .
• Eddagala eritta akawuka, nga zidovudine (Retrovir®) ne interferon alfa. Wabula si bika bya ATL byonna nti biddamu eddagala lino eritta akawuka.
• Okusimbuliza obutoffaali obusibuka mu mubiri . Kino tekisoboka eri buli muntu alina ATL. Naye singa kituuka ku buwanguzi, kiyinza okwongera ennyo ku bulamu bw’omuntu.

Ku bantu abalina HAM/TSP (obulwadde bw'obusimu), obujjanjabi buno bukozesebwa okufuga obubonero n'okuwa obuweerero:

• Ekiwuka ekiyitibwa Interferon alfa.
• Okukendeeza ku kuzimba n'eddagala lya Corticosteroids.
• Ekirungo kya interferon beta. Kino kiyinza okuyamba okukendeeza ku buzimba n’okuziyiza obusimu okwonooneka.
• Kendeeza ku kuzimba ebinywa n’okukaluba ng’okozesa Baclofen (Lioresal ®) oba tizanidine.
• Oxybutynin ku buzibu bw’okufulumya omusulo.

Kiki ekibaawo singa mba nnina HTLV-1? Nsaanidde okweraliikirira?

Kino kye kintu ekisinga obukulu. Si buli muntu alina akawuka ka HTLV-1 nti ajja kufuna oba ATL oba HAM/TSP. Mu butuufu, abasinga obungi ku abo abakwatibwa obulwadde buno basobola okubeera mu bulamu obwa bulijjo nga tebafunye ndwadde zino ez’amaanyi.

Kyokka bw’ofuna embeera zino, endowooza esinziira ku kika ky’olina. Abantu abalina ebika bya ATL ebifuuwa omukka oba ebitawona bayinza okuvaamu ebirungi okusinga abo abalina ebika ebirala. Wadde nga HAM/TSP etera okweyongera okusajjuka okumala ekiseera, osobola okuwangaala okumala emyaka mingi oluvannyuma lw’okuzuulibwa.

Nnyinza ntya okwekuuma akawuka kano aka HTLV-1? Waliwo engeri yonna gye tuyinza okubuziyiza?

Yee, waliwo ebintu bye tuyinza okukola okutangira okusaasaana kw’akawuka ka HTLV-1.

• Okukebera omusaayi n’ebitundu by’omubiri ebiweereddwayo okulaba oba tebirina bulwadde bwa HTLV-1 kiyinza okuyamba okutangira akawuka kano okusaasaana.
• Osobola okukola ebintu bino okukendeeza ku bulabe bwo obw’obuntu:
• Weewale okukuba eddagala empiso nga tolina ddagala.
• Weewale okuddamu okukozesa empiso ze zimu ez’empiso oba okuzigabana n’abalala.
• Weewale okwegatta nga tolina bukuumi. Bulijjo kozesa kondomu ya latex mu kiseera ky’okwegatta eky’ekika kyonna (mu bukyala, mu bukyala, oba mu kamwa).
• Bw’oba ​​okebeddwa n’ofuna obulwadde bwa HTLV-1, weewale okuyonsa n’okugaba omusaayi. Bw’oba ​​olina HTLV-1 era ng’oyagala okuyonsa, funa amagezi okuva eri omusawo alina obumanyirivu mu HTLV-1. Okufulumya amata g’amabeere n’ogateeka mu firiigi, n’oluvannyuma n’ogasaanuusa, kiyinza okukendeeza ku bulabe bw’okusiiga akawuka kano eri omwana wo, naye kikulu okugenda mu basawo amagezi nga tonnakikola.

HTLV positive kitegeeza ki?

Okubeera HTLV positive kitegeeza nti olina HTLV-1 oba ekika ekirala ekya HTLV mu mubiri gwo. Tekitegeeza nti ddala ojja kukulaakulanya ATL oba HAM/TSP. Bwoba olina HTLV-1, waliwo okwegendereza kw'oyinza okukola okwewala okusaasaanya akawuka kano mu balala (nga obutayonsa, okwewala okwegatta nga tolina bukuumi).

HTLV eno ya bulabe etya?

Akawuka ka HTLV, bwe kamira kokka, katera obutaba ka bulabe era tekaleeta bubonero. Naye kikulu okukimanya, kubanga HTLV-1 oluusi esobola okuleeta kookolo, endwadde z'obusimu, oba embeera z'okuzimba.

Ddi lwe nnina okulaba omusawo?

Bw’oba ​​olina ebibuuzo ku kwekebeza HTLV-1, oba ng’olina HTLV-1 era ng’oyagala okumanya okwegendereza kw’osaanidde okukola, kakasa nti oyogera n’omusawo. Kikulu nnyo naddala okukimanya kino bw’oba ​​obeera mu kitundu omuli HTLV-1.

N’ekisembayo, ebintu by’olina okujjukira

Okay, kale twogedde nnyo ku HTLV-1,' si bwe kiri? Jjukira nti newankubadde kano kawuka akasangibwa mu nsi yonna, tebutera kubeera mu bifo bingi. Ekitundu kitono nnyo ku buli kikumi ku abo abakwatibwa obulwadde buno be bafuna obulwadde obw’amaanyi.

Ekisinga obukulu, tofaayo ku kukeberebwa nti olina HTLV-1.Abantu abasinga basobola okubeera mu bulamu obulungi nga tebalina bubonero bwonna. Kyokka okubeera ng’omanyi akawuka kano, engeri gye kasaasaana, n’engeri y’okukaziyiza kiyinza okukuyamba okwekuuma n’abo abakwetoolodde.

Bw’oba ​​olina ekibuuzo ekirala kyonna ku nsonga eno, tolwawo kubuuza musawo wa famire yo oba omusawo amanyi ku nsonga eno. Sigala nga oli mulamu bulungi!