Omusaayi kye ki? (Omusaayi) Ka twogere ku nsonga eno mu ngeri ennyangu!

Wali ofunye ekiwundu ekitono n’olaba ettondo oba abiri ery’omusaayi omumyufu nga gukulukuta okuvaamu? Mpozzi nga bw’osala omukono n’olupapula. Ffenna tukimanyi nti omusaayi kintu kimyufu. Naye, omusaayi guno ddala kye ki? Omusaayi guno gukola ki mu mibiri gyaffe? Ekyo kye tugenda okwogerako leero, nga kyangu ng’okwogera ne mukwano gwo.

Omusaayi kye ki era lwaki gukulu nnyo gye tuli?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, omusaayi gwetaagisa nnyo okusobola okuwangaala. Kiba nga petulooli eri mmotoka, omusaayi eri omubiri gwaffe. Omusaayi guno gwe gutambuza ebintu buli kitundu ekitono eky’omubiri gwaffe, kwe kugamba, buli katoffaali n’ebitundu by’omubiri bye byetaaga okukola. Kilowoozeeko ng’empeereza ya loole etuusa ebyamaguzi mu kibuga kyonna.

• Atambuza omukka gwa oxygen: Bwe tussa, omukka oguyingira mu mawuggwe gaffe gutwalibwa omusaayi mu butoffaali obuli mu mubiri gwaffe gwonna. Awatali mukka gwa oxygen ono, obutoffaali bwaffe tebusobola kuwangaala.
• Awa ebiriisa: Ebiriisa , nga glucose, ebigayika ne biyingizibwa mu mmere gye tulya bisaasaanyizibwa mu mubiri gwonna nga biyita mu musaayi. Bino bye biwa obutoffaali bwaffe amaanyi.
• Okuggya kasasiro: Omusaayi gutwala kasasiro ( gamba nga kaboni dayokisayidi) akolebwa obutoffaali bwaffe okudda mu mawuggwe, gye tubifulumya. Omusaayi era guyamba okuggya ebisasiro ebirala mu mubiri nga guyita mu bitundu by’omubiri ng’ensigo n’ekibumba.
• Akuuma endwadde: Mu musaayi mulimu obutoffaali obw’enjawulo obulwanyisa obuwuka, gamba nga bakitiriya ne akawuka, obuyingira mu mibiri gyaffe ne butukuuma obutakwatibwa yinfekisoni . Kiringa eggye ery'okwekuuma munda mu mibiri gyaffe.
• Obusimu butambuza obubaka: Obusimu bubaka bwa kemiko obufuga buli mulimu mu mubiri gwaffe. Obusimu buno butambuzibwa okuva mu kifo ekimu okudda mu kirala mu musaayi.
• Atereeza ebbugumu ly’omubiri: Omusaayi era guyamba okukuuma ebbugumu ly’omubiri gwaffe .
• Alekera awo okuvaamu omusaayi ng’afunye obuvune: Omusaayi era gusobola okufuga omusaayi nga guziyiza omusaayi oguyitiridde okuva mu kiwundu ekitono, nga guleetera omusaayi okuzimba (omusaayi okuzimba) .

Olaba omusaayi si mazzi matono mamyufu gokka. Kintu kizibu nnyo, ekyewuunyisa ekiyimirizaawo obulamu bw’emibiri gyaffe!

Omusaayi gukolebwa mu ki?

Kati ka tulabe ebintu eby’engeri ki ebikola ekintu kino ekyewuunyisa, omusaayi. Omusaayi gulimu ebitundu bibiri ebikulu.

1. Plasma - Kino kye kitundu ky’amazzi.

2. Obutoffaali bw’omusaayi - Bino bye bika by’obutoffaali obulengejja mu plasma.

Plasma kye ki?

Teebereza, omusaayi bwe guba nga saladi y’ebibala, olwo plasmaKiringa siropu alengejja ebitundu by’ebibala mu saladi eyo. Naye gano mazzi ga kyenvu. Ebitundu 55% byokka ku musaayi gwaffe gwe plasma .

Plasma esinga kukolebwa mazzi. Naye si mazzi gokka, era erimu ebintu ebirala bingi ebikulu:

• Ebirungo ebikola omubiri: Waliwo ebika bya puloteyina ebiwerako, gamba nga albumin, globulin, ne fibrinogen. Bino biyamba okufuga puleesa, okukola obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde, n’okuyamba omusaayi okuzimba.
• Ebiriisa: Ebintu nga glucose, amino acids, vitamins, ne fatty acids bye twayogeddeko emabegako bitambuzibwa mu butoffaali nga biyita mu plasma.
• Obusimu: Obusimu obufuga emirimu egy’enjawulo mu mubiri gwaffe butambula nga busaanuuse mu plasma eno.
• Ebirungo ebikola amasannyalaze: Eminnyo nga sodium, potassium ne calcium. Bino byetaagisa nnyo mu nkola y’obusimu n’enkola y’ebinywa.
• Kasasiro: Ebisasiro nga urea ebifulumizibwa mu butoffaali nabyo bitwalibwa mu nsigo nga biyita mu plasma.

Kale, pulasima si mazzi gokka, wabula kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nkola y’entambula y’omubiri gwaffe, ebiriisa, okusuula kasasiro, n’enkola y’okwekuuma.

Ebika by’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi bye biruwa?

Kati ka twogere ku butoffaali bw’omusaayi obutengejja mu mazzi agayitibwa plasma. Obutoffaali buno bulina ebika bisatu ebikulu. Buli kika kirina omulimu ogw’enjawulo.

1. Obutoffaali obumyufu / Erythrocytes - Obutoffaali obuleeta obulamu mu mibiri gyaffe!

Bino bye bika by’obutoffaali ebisinga obungi mu musaayi gwaffe. Okubeera omutuufu, obutoffaali buno obumyufu bwe buwa omusaayi langi yaago emmyufu. Obutoffaali buno butono nnyo, disiki ezirina ebikonde bibiri. Zilowoozeeko ng’aka donut akatono, naye mu kifo ky’okuteeka ekituli wakati, wakati waliwo ekituli.

• Omulimu omukulu: Puloteeni ey’enjawulo eyitibwa ``Hemoglobin`` mu butoffaali obumyufu esobozesa obutoffaali buno okutambuza omukka gwa oxygen . Omukka gwa oxygen gwe tuggya mu mawuggwe yeesiba ku hemoglobin era gutwalibwa obutoffaali obumyufu mu butoffaali obulala bwonna mu mubiri. Era ziyamba okuzza ezimu ku kaboni dayokisayidi akolebwa mu butoffaali okudda mu mawuggwe.
• Obulamu: Akatoffaali akamyufu kamu kawangaala ennaku nga 120 . Oluvannyuma lw’ekyo, zisaanawo mu kibumba ne mu nseke, era obutoffaali obupya ne buvaamu.
• Zikolebwa wa?: Obutoffaali obumyufu bukolebwa mu kifo ekiyitibwa obusigo bw’amagumba munda mu magumba gaffe amanene.
• Ebizibu: Singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obumyufu gukendeera, oba omuwendo gwa hemoglobin bwe gukendeera, omubiri gwaffe tegufuna mukka gwa oxygen gumala. Embeera eno tugiyita ``Anemia`` . Olwo obubonero ng’okukoowa, okufuukuuka, n’okukaluubirirwa okussa buyinza okulabika.

2. Obutoffaali bw'omusaayi obweru / Leukocytes - Abaserikale abakuuma omubiri!

Obutoffaali obweru bwe buba abaserikale abakulu mu baserikale b’omubiri gwaffe . Zisinga obutoffaali obumyufu obunene, naye omuwendo gwazo mu musaayi mutono okusinga ogw’obutoffaali obumyufu.

• Omulimu omukulu: Omulimu omukulu ogw’obutoffaali buno kwe kulwanyisa n’okusaanyaawo obuwuka (obuwuka, akawuka, ffene, obuwuka) obuyingira mu mubiri gwaffe, n’okutukuuma obutakwatibwa ndwadde . Era ziyamba okuzuula n’okusaanyaawo obutoffaali obutali bwa bulijjo, gamba ng’obutoffaali bwa kookolo.
• Ebika eby’enjawulo: Tewali kika kimu kyokka eky’obutoffaali obweru. Nga bwe waliwo ebibinja eby’enjawulo mu ggye, waliwo ebika by’obutoffaali obweru ebiwerako. Buli kika kirina omulimu ogw’enjawulo:
• Neutrophils: Zino ze kika ky’obutoffaali obweru obusinga obungi. Zisinga kulwanyisa yinfekisoni za bakitiriya.
• Lymphocytes: Waliwo ebika bya lymphocytes bibiri, B-cells ne T-cells. Obutoffaali bwa B bukola obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde . Obuziyiza buno buba puloteyina ez’enjawulo eziyamba okumanya n’okulumba obuwuka. Obutoffaali bwa T busaanyaawo butereevu obutoffaali obulina akawuka era ne bufuga obutoffaali obulala obuziyiza endwadde.
• Monocytes: Zino ze zisinga obunene mu butoffaali obweru. Bwe zitambula okuva mu musaayi ne ziyingira mu bitundu by'omubiri, zifuuka obutoffaali obuyitibwa macrophages, "obumira" ne buyonja obuwuka, obutoffaali obufu, n'ebisasiro ebirala.
• Eosinophils: Zino zisinga kulwanyisa yinfekisoni z’ebiwuka. Era zisobola okulabibwa mu alergy.
• Basophils: Zino ze kika ky’obutoffaali obweru obusinga obutono. Zifulumya eddagala nga histamine mu kiseera ky’okulwala alergy.
• Zikolebwa wa?: Obutoffaali buno obweru businga kukolebwa mu busimu bw’amagumba. Ebika ebimu gamba nga lymphocytes nabyo bikula mu bifo nga lymph nodes.
• Ebizibu: Omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obweru obungi oba obutono mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo kiyinza okulaga embeera z’obujjanjabi ez’enjawulo. Ng’ekyokulabirako, yinfekisoni esobola okuvaako obutoffaali obweru okweyongera. Leukemia kookolo w’obutoffaali obweru.

3. Platelets / Thrombocytes - Abazira abato abalekera awo okuvaamu omusaayi!

Mu butuufu obusimu obuyitibwa platelets si butoffaali bwonna. Zino bitundutundu bya butoffaali bitono nnyo ebikutuka okuva mu butoffaali obunene obuyitibwa megakaryocytes mu busimu bw’amagumba. Tezirina kitundu kya nucleus.

• Omulimu omukulu: Singa tufuna ekiwundu awalala mu mubiri gwaffe ate omusuwa ne gukutuka, kiyamba okukomya omusaayi.Guno gwe mulimu omukulu ogw’obutoffaali buno obw’omusaayi. Zijja mu kifo we zifunye obuvune ne zikuŋŋaana ne zikola "pulaagi" ekwata. Oluvannyuma zeegatta ne puloteyina eyitibwa fibrinogen mu plasma ne zikola ekizimba ky’omusaayi, ne ziyimiriza ddala omusaayi.
• Zikolebwa wa?: Zino era zikolebwa mu busimu bw’amagumba.
• Ebizibu: Singa omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obukola omusaayi gukendeera (embeera eno eyitibwa `Thrombocytopenia`), okuzimba omusaayi kuyinza okulwawo. Olwo, n’ekiwundu ekitono kiyinza okuba ekizibu okulekera awo okuvaamu omusaayi, era olususu luyinza okunyiga amangu. Oyinza okuba nga wali owulidde nti omuwendo guno ogw’obutoffaali obuyitibwa platelets mu musaayi gukendeera mu ndwadde nga dengue. Era, okweyongera mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo mu muwendo gwa platelets oba enkola yazo etali ya bulijjo kiyinza okuvaako okutondebwawo kw’omusaayi oguteetaagisa (`Thrombosis`).

Kati osanga okitegedde nti omusaayi si mazzi mamyufu gokka, wabula ebintu bingi ebizibu era ebyewuunyisa ebibaawo munda mu gwo.

Lwaki omusaayi mumyufu?

Kino kizibu abantu bangi kye balina. Nga bwe twayogeddeko edda, omusaayi guba mumyufu olw’ekirungo ekiyitibwa hemoglobin ekiri mu butoffaali obumyufu . Hemoglobin eno erimu ekyuma ekiyitibwa iron. Hemoglobin bw’ekwatagana ne oxygen (oxyhemoglobin), efuna langi emmyufu enzirugavu. Kino kye tutera okulaba mu musaayi mu misuwa. Omusaayi oguli mu misuwa, ogulina omukka omutono (deoxyhemoglobin), gufuna langi emmyufu enzirugavu katono era eya kakobe. Kyokka ebisolo ebimu birina omusaayi gwa bbululu oba ogwa kiragala, kubanga omusaayi gwabyo gulina eddagala ery’enjawulo eritambuza omukka gwa oxygen. Omusaayi gwaffe gumyufu olw’ekirungo kya hemoglobin!

Ffenna tulina omusaayi gwe gumu? Ka tuyige katono ku bika by'omusaayi.

Oboolyawo owulidde emboozi nga "Omusaayi gwange guli B positive" ne "Enjuba yeetaaga O negative blood." Ekyo kitegeeza nti omusaayi gwa buli muntu si gwe gumu. Waliwo ekintu ekiyitibwa `ebibinja by'omusaayi` .

Ebika by’omusaayi bino bisalibwawo obutoffaali obw’enjawulo obuyitibwa `Antigens` ku ngulu w’obutoffaali obumyufu. Enkola bbiri enkulu enkulu ez’ekika ky’omusaayi ze zino:

1. Enkola ya ABO: Okusinziira ku kino, waliwo ebika by’omusaayi bina: A, B, AB, ne O.

2. Enkola ya Rh: Okusinziira ku kino, waliwo ebika bibiri: Rh positive (erina ensonga ya Rh) ne Rh negative (talina nsonga ya Rh).

Tutera okuyita ekika ky’omusaayi nga tugatta enkola zombi eza ABO ne Rh (e.g. A positive, O negative).

Lwaki ebika by’omusaayi bino bikulu?

Ekisinga obukulu kiri nti mu kuteekebwamu omusaayi , kwe kugamba, ng’owa omuntu omusaayi, olina okuwa ekika ky’omusaayi ekikwatagana. Singa owa ekika ky’omusaayi ekitali kikwatagana, eky’obulabe (`Transfusion reaction`) kiyinza okubaawo mu mubiri gw’omuntu afuna omusaayi era kiyinza n’okuteeka obulamu mu matigga. Eno y’ensonga lwaki, ka kibeere kuwaayo musaayi oba kufuna musaayi, ekika ky’omusaayi kimanyiddwa bulungi era kikwatagana.

Kiki kye tuyinza okukola okukuuma omusaayi gwaffe nga mulamu?

Okukuuma omusaayi nga mulamu, ogukola omulimu omukulu ennyo mu mibiri gyaffe, kikulu nnyo. Waliwo ebintu ebitonotono ebyangu bye tuyinza okukola okuyamba:

• Endya ennungi: Olina okulya emmere erimu ekirungo kya iron (ebikoola ebibisi, ennyama emmyufu, ebinyeebwa), folic acid, ne vitamin B12 (bino byetaagisa nnyo mu kukola obutoffaali obumyufu). Kakasa nti mu mmere yo ossaamu enva endiirwa n’ebibala ebibisi.
• Nywa amazzi agamala: Omusaayi gusinga kuba mazzi (plasma). N’olwekyo kikulu okutangira okuggwaamu amazzi mu mubiri olw’obulamu bw’omusaayi.
• Dduyiro buli kiseera: Dduyiro ayamba omutima okukuba n’entambula y’omusaayi.
• Weewale okunywa sigala n’okunywa omwenge ekisusse: Emize gino gya bulabe eri omusaayi nga kw’otadde n’obulamu okutwalira awamu.
• Okwekebeza abasawo buli kiseera: Okukebera buli kiseera ng’okubala omusaayi mu bujjuvu (FBC) kiyinza okuyamba okuzuula obuzibu bwonna obw’omusaayi nga bukyali.

Jjukira nti obulamu obulungi kye kisumuluzo ekisinga obulungi mu nkola y’omusaayi ennungi!

Mu bufunze: Ebintu by’olina okujjukira

Okay, kale twayogedde nnyo ku musaayi leero, nedda?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, omusaayi kintu ekiwangaaza obulamu ekitwala omukka gwa oxygen n’ebiriisa mu buli katoffaali mu mubiri gwaffe, kiggyamu kasasiro , kitukuuma obutakwatibwa ndwadde , era ne kikola emirimu emirala mingi emikulu.

Omusaayi gukolebwa obutoffaali obuyitibwa `Red Blood Cells` , `White Blood Cells` , ne `Platelets`, obutengejja mu mazzi agayitibwa `Plasma` . Buli emu ku butoffaali buno bulina omulimu ogw’enjawulo.

Kikulu nnyo okukuuma empisa ennungi ez’okulya, okukola dduyiro, n’okwewala emize emibi okusobola okukuuma obulamu bw’omusaayi gwaffe.

Bw’oba ​​olina ekibuuzo kyonna oba ekikweraliikiriza ku musaayi gwo, tolwawo kwebuuza ku musawo. Okumanya omubiri gwo y’engeri esinga obulungi ey’okubeera n’obulamu obulungi.

Okukifuna? Nsuubira kati otegedde bulungi amazzi gano amamyufu ag’ekyewuunyo agakulukuta mu mubiri gwo!

` Omusaayi, Plasma, Obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obumyufu, Obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obweru, Platelets, Hemoglobin, Ebibinja by’omusaayi