Abafuzi abatono ab’ekyama ab’emibiri gyaffe: Tunaamala kwogera ku chromosomes?

Nkulamusizza! Oli otya? Leero tugenda kwogera ku kintu ekyewuunyisa ennyo era ekikulu ekiri munda mu mibiri gyaffe, naye nga tetukirowoozaako nnyo. Wali weebuuzizza lwaki langi y’amaaso go eringa eya maama wo, oba langi y’enviiri zo ng’eya kitaawo? Mpozzi waliwo atuuse n'okugamba nti akamwenyumwenyu ko kalinga aka nnyazaala wo, nedda? Chromosomes kintu ekikwatagana ne bino byonna, era kisangibwa mu buli kitundu ekitono eky’omubiri gwaffe. Wadde erinnya lino liyinza okuwulikika ng’ekintu ekinene, teweeraliikiriranga, kino kintu ekiyinza okutegeerwa mu ngeri ennyangu ennyo. Ka tukyogereko leero, nga bwe twogera ne mukwano gwo.

Ddala butoffaali buno kye ki? Ka tutandike awo!

Teebereza omubiri gwo gwonna ng’ennyumba ennene era ennungi. Ennyumba eno ekoleddwa mu buwumbi n’obuwumbi bw’amabaati amatonotono. Tetusobola kulaba ttoffaali limu ku bwalyo, naye bwe tugagatta, tusobola okukola ennyumba ennene. Mu ngeri y’emu, emibiri gyaffe gikoleddwa mu bitundu ebitonotono ebitalabika. Bino bye tuyita obutoffaali . Obutoffaali buno butono nnyo ne kiba nti twetaaga ekintu eky’enjawulo, microscope, okusobola okubulaba.

Obutoffaali buno busangibwa mu lususu lwaffe, mu mutima, mu bwongo , mu maaso, ne buli wamu mu mubiri gwaffe. Kiringa buli kisenge ne bbugwe mu nnyumba bikolebwa mu matoffaali. Buli katoffaali kalina omulimu gwako ogw’enjawulo. Obutoffaali obumu bwegatta ne bukola olususu, ate obumu ne bukwatagana ne bukola omutima . Tekyewuunyisa?

Kale chromosomes zino zisangibwa wa? Balabika batya?

Okay, kati tumanyi ku butoffaali. Nnali ntegeeza ebitundu by’emibiri gyaffe ebitonotono ebiringa amatoffaali. Munda mu buli kasenge, mulimu ekifo ekikulu ennyo, nga ddulaaya entono oba seef mu kisenge ekitono. Ekyo kye tuyita mu bya ssaayansi nti nucleus . Mu ngeri ennyangu, kye kifo ekifuga akatoffaali. Munda mu nyukiliya eyo, ebiyitibwa chromosomes bino biterekebwa.

Omanyi bino bwe bifaanana? Ziringa emiguwa emiwanvu egy’obuwuzi . Teebereza emipiira mingi egy’obuwuzi obulungi ennyo, nga gyonna gitabuddwa wamu, nga gitegekeddwa bulungi. Naye bino si biwuzi biwuzi byokka? Munda mu bino muterekebwamu amawulire n’ebiragiro eby’omuwendo ennyo ebikwatagana n’obulamu bwaffe bwonna, n’ekyo kye tuli.

Buzaale ki obuli munda mu chromosomes?

Kati tukimanyi nti chromosomes ziringa obuwuzi munda mu butoffaali. Bw’otunuulira chromosome emu, munda mu yo mulimu ebikumi n’ebikumi, oluusi enkumi n’enkumi, eby’ebitundu ebikulu ennyo, ebitonotono. Ebitundu ebyo ebitonotono bye tuyita obuzaale .

Mu ngeri ennyangu, ensengekera y’obutonde bw’ensi bw’eba kitabo kinene, obuzaale buba ng’essuula, oba sentensi, oba ebigambo ebiri mu kitabo ekyo. Buli ggiini erina ekiragiro eky’enjawulo, oba obubaka, oba amawulire agawandiikiddwa ku mubiri gwaffe.

Lowooza ku buzaale ng’emitendera mu nkola y’emmere ewooma. Ensengekera emu ekubuulira langi amaaso go gye galina okuba, endala ekutegeeza oba enviiri zo zirina okuba nga zigolokofu oba nga zikutte, ate endala ekubuulira obuwanvu bw’olina okuba. Waliwo enkumi n’enkumi z’ebiragiro nga bino munda mu buzaale buno.

Kale kiki ekituuka ku buzaale buno? Lwaki tuzeetaaga?

Ensengekera zino ze zisinga okutufuula ‘ffe’. Ekyo kitegeeza nti engeri zaffe nnyingi ez’omubiri zisalibwawo okusinziira ku biragiro bye tufuna okuva mu buzaale buno. Weetegereze ebyokulabirako bino:

• Langi y’amaaso go (bbululu, kitaka, omuddugavu, enzirugavu).
• Langi n’obutonde bw’enviiri zo (black, brown, blonde; straight, wavy, curly).
• Langi y'olususu lwo .
• Oba oli muwanvu oba mumpi okutwalira awamu kisalibwawo (mazima ddala, ebintu ng’endya nabyo bikola, naye enteekateeka enkulu ye buzaale).
• N'ebintu ebitonotono nga oba ebizibiti by'amatu byo biyingiziddwa oba nedda .
• Your susceptibility to certain diseases , kwe kugamba, oba olina emikisa mingi oba emitono egy’okufuna endwadde ezimu.

Enkumi n’enkumi z’ebintu nga bino bisalibwawo ebiragiro bye tufuna okuva mu buzaale bwaffe. Okufaananako pulogulaamu eziri ku kompyuta, obuzaale buno bubuulira emibiri gyaffe engeri gye girina okweyisaamu n’engeri gye girina okukola buli mulimu.

Okugeza, teebereza mukwano gwo Kasun alina amaaso ga kitaka omutangaavu nga nnyina. Kino kiri bwe kityo kubanga Kasun yasikira nnyina obuzaale bw’amaaso aga kitaka omutangaavu. Wabula enviiri za Kasun ziyinza okuba nga ziddugavu enzirugavu ate nga ziriko enkokola ng’eza kitaawe. Kino kiri bwe kityo kubanga obuzaale bwakyo yakisikira okuva ku kitaawe. Eno y’engeri ffenna gye tusikira engeri okuva mu bazadde baffe.

Tulina ensengekera z’obutonde (chromosomes) mmeka? Bava wa?

Eno nsonga nkulu nnyo. Mu budde obwabulijjo, buli katoffaali mu muntu omulamu obulungi (okuggyako ebika by’obutoffaali ebimu eby’enjawulo, okugeza, obutoffaali bw’okwegatta) kalina ebibiri 23 ebya chromosomes zino. Pair kitegeeza nti waliwo bbiri ku zo. Kale bw’ozigatta zonna, wabaawo ensengekera z’obutonde (chromosomes) 46 .

Teebereza ng’olina engatto 23 ennungi. Mu buli pair, engatto emu eva ku maama wo ate endala eva ku kitaawo. Kyangu nnyo, si bwe kiri?

Ekyo kitegeeza nti ku chromosomes 46 z’ofuna, kitundu kyennyini, kwe kugamba, 23, ziva eri maama wo omwagalwa . Ekitundu ekirala, kwe kugamba, chromosomes endala 23, ziva eri kitaawo omwagalwa . Kino kibaawo nga tuzaalibwa, kwe kugamba, akatoffaali k’amagi okuva mu maama waffe n’akatoffaali k’ensigo okuva mu kitaffe (Mu kiseera ky’okukung’aanya obutoffaali bw’ensigo .

Eno dizayini ya kitalo mu butonde. Mu ngeri eno, tufuna chromosomes ezirimu obuzaale okuva mu maama ne taata waffe, y’ensonga lwaki oluusi tufaanana maama waffe, oluusi nga kitaffe, ate oluusi n’okugatta obulungi byombi. Oluusi tusobola n’okufaanana bajjajjaffe, kubanga obuzaale obwo bubadde buyisibwa okuva ku mulembe okudda ku mulala .

Chromosomes zino 46 zibeera mu mubiri gwo ng’ozaaliddwa, era zibeera naawe obulamu bwo bwonna, okuva ng’okyali bbebi, okutuuka ng’okyali muto, okutuuka ng’okaddiye. Zino ze zilungamya enkula n’enkula y’omubiri gwo, nga ziyamba buli kimu okutambula obulungi.

Okusalawo oba omwana muwala oba mulenzi nakyo kikwatagana ne chromosomes zino!

Twagamba nti waliwo ensengekera z’obutonde (chromosomes) 23. Ku bano, babiri 22 okusinga be bamu mu kikula kyombi. Zino ze zifuga engeri endala zonna ez’omubiri (nga obuwanvu, langi y’amaaso, ne langi y’olususu).

Naye pair ya chromosomes esembayo, oba 23, ya njawulo katono. Ababiri bano be basalawo oba omuntu musajja oba mukazi. Eno y'ensonga lwaki abasawo oluusi bino babiyita sex chromosomes .

Ensengekera z’obutonde zino ez’okwegatta zirina ebika bibiri. Ekimu kiyitibwa ‘X’ chromosome , ate ekirala kiyitibwa ‘Y’ chromosome .

• Bwe kiba muwala , alina X chromosomes bbiri. Ekyo kye tuyita XX . Ku chromosomes zino ebbiri eza X, emu eva ku maama ate endala okuva ku taata.
• Bwe kiba mulenzi , alina X chromosome emu ne Y chromosome emu. Ekyo kye tuyita XY . Mu mbeera eno, ensengekera ya X eva mu maama ate ensengekera ya Y eva ku taata.

Olabye? Ekikula ky’omwana kisalibwawo ensengekera y’obutonde (X oba Y) taata gy’asikira. Kubanga maama asobola okuwa omwana we chromosome ya X yokka. Taata asobola okuwa oba X oba Y. Kale taata bw’asikira Y, kiba mulenzi, ate taata bw’asikira X, kiba muwala. Kino nakyo tekinyuma nnyo?

Chromosomes zino nkulu gye tuli ne bwe tuba nga tumaze okuzaalibwa?

Yee, ddala! Ne bw’omala okuzaalibwa, ensengekera zino 46 zeeyongera okukola munda mu mubiri gwo, kumpi mu buli katoffaali. Okula mpolampola okuva mu buto, obuwanvu bwo bweyongera, omubiri ne gukyuka, enjala n’enviiri bikula, era bw’ofuna ekiwundu, kiwona, bino byonna bikulemberwa obuzaale obuli munda mu chromosomes ezo.

Ziringa pulaani ekozesebwa okuzimba ennyumba . Emibiri gyaffe gyeyongera okukula, okuddaabiriza, n’okwekuuma buli lunaku okusinziira ku pulaani eyo. Amawulire agali mu chromosomes zino ge gafuula obutoffaali obupya mu mibiri gyaffe okukula.

Oluusi, si bulijjo, chromosomes zino ziyinza okuba n’enkyukakyuka ezimu, ezibulamu, oba okugattibwako. Wano we wabaawo obuzibu obumu obw’obuzaale , gamba nga Down Syndrome ,. N’olwekyo, okubeera n’ensengekera zino mu muwendo omutuufu (kwe kugamba, 46) era mu nsengeka entuufu kikulu nnyo eri obulamu bwaffe.

Naye tekyetaagisa kutya bintu ng’ebyo buli kiseera. Kubanga ebiseera ebisinga, enkola eno enzibu ebaawo mu ngeri entuufu ennyo era mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Tekyandibadde kikyamu okukiyita kino ekitonde eky’ekitalo eky’obutonde.

Kale, bubaka ki bwe tusaanidde okujjukira okuva mu mboozi eno?

Okay, twogedde nnyo ku chromosomes leero, si bwe kiri? Ndowooza olina ekirowoozo ekirungi kati. Mu bufunze, bino bye bintu ebikulu by’olina okujjukira:

• Chromosomes ntono nnyo, eziringa obuwuzi, naye nga za maanyi nnyo ezisangibwa munda kumpi mu buli katoffaali mu mubiri gwaffe.
• Chromosomes zino zirimu enkumi n’enkumi z’obuzaale. Obuzaale buno bwe busalawo engeri nnyingi ez’omubiri, gamba nga langi y’amaaso gaffe, enviiri zaffe, n’obuwanvu bwaffe.
• Ffenna tulina chromosomes 46 mu butoffaali bwaffe, oba babiri 23. Ekitundu ku bino (23) tubifuna ku maama waffe ate ekitundu ekirala (23) ku kitaffe.
• Oba tuli bakazi (XX) oba basajja (XY) kisalibwawo pair ey’enjawulo eya chromosomes zino, chromosomes z’ekikula.
• Chromosomes zino zikyagenda mu maaso n’okulungamya omubiri gwaffe okukula, okuddaabiriza, n’okuwangaala obulungi ne bwe tuba nga tuzaalibwa.

Chromosomes bye bintu ebitonotono ebyewuunyisa ebitufuula ‘ffe’, pulaani enkulu ey’emibiri gyaffe, n’endagamuntu yaffe. Okumanya ebizikwatako tekijja kukoma ku kukuyamba kutegeera ngeri mibiri gyaffe gye gizibu era nga gikoleddwa mu ngeri ey’ekitalo, naye era kijja kukuyamba okulabirira obulamu bwo!

Kale, omulundi oguddako bw’otunula mu ndabirwamu, tunuulira amaaso go, enviiri zo, langi y’olususu lwo, lowooza ku kamwenyumwenyu ko, jjukira nti emabega wa bino byonna waliwo obusimu obwo obutono bwe wafuna okuva ku maama ne taata wo, obuwandiikiddwa n’endagamuntu yo. Ekyo si kintu kya njawulo nnyo?

` Chromosomes, Genes, Cells, Obuzaale, Engeri y'omubiri, Ensengekera y'obuzaale, Obulamu