‘Abatemu’ baffe bennyini munda mu mubiri: Ka tuyige buyige ku butoffaali obutta obw’obutonde (NK Cells)

Oboolyawo okimanyi nti emibiri gyaffe girina enkola eyeewuunyisa ey’okwekuuma, ng’eggye, okulwanyisa endwadde. Kino tukiyita abaserikale b’omubiri. Mu ggye lino mulimu ebika by’abajaasi eby’enjawulo. Abamu baketta, abamu bakola ebyokulwanyisa, ate abalala bagenda butereevu mu lutalo. Leero tugenda kwogera ku kibinja kya bakomando eky’enjawulo ennyo, eky’enjawulo katono, era eky’obukugu ennyo mu ggye lino. Ebyo bye ‘butoffaali obutta obutonde’ oba nga ffenna bwe tubimanyi, Obutoffaali obutta obutonde (NK Cells) . Erinnya liwulikika nga litiisa katono, si bwe kiri? Naye mu butuufu bano be bamu ku mikwano gyaffe egy’oku lusegere mu mibiri gyaffe.

Obutoffaali buno obutta obutonde (NK cells) be baani?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, Natural Killer Cells (NK cells) kika kya butoffaali obweru mu mubiri gwaffe. Okubeera omutuufu, zibeera mu kibinja ky’obutoffaali obuyitibwa lymphocytes, nga buno bwe kika ky’obutoffaali ekikulu mu baserikale b’omubiri. Oyinza okuba nga wali owulidde ku butoffaali bwa B ne T. Ekyo kye kikwata ku butoffaali bwa NK.

Naye waliwo ensonga lwaki bayitibwa abatemu "ab'obutonde". Obutoffaali obulala obulwanyi mu baserikale baffe, nga cytotoxic T-cells, bwetaaga okumanyiira omulabe (nga akawuka oba obuwuka) okusobola okumusaanyaawo. Ekyo kitegeeza nti balina okuba n’okutendekebwa n’okujjukira ku mulabe oyo.

Naye aboogezi baffe, `NK cells`, tebeetaaga kutendekebwa kwonna oba okumanyibwa nga tekunnabaawo. Zisobola okusaanyaawo akatoffaali konna akayinza okubaleetera akabi amangu ddala nga kaakalaba, nga tewali bumanyirivu bwonna. Balinga embwa ekuumi amagezi mu butonde etegeera omubbi n’emubuukako ng’omubbi ayingidde mu nnyumba.

Kiki ddala ekibaawo ku butoffaali buno obwa NK?

Omulimu omukulu ogw’obutoffaali bwa `NK` kwe kusaanyaawo obutoffaali obwali bulamu edda naye nga kati buli mu bulabe eri omubiri gwaffe. Kuno okusinga kuzingiramu:

• Obutoffaali obulina akawuka: Akawuka bwe kayingira mu mubiri, kayingira mu butoffaali bwaffe obulamu ne bubufuga. Obutoffaali bwa `NK` busobola okutegeera amakolero gano akawuka ne gasaanyaawo akawuka nga tekanaba kwongera kusaasaana.
• Obutoffaali bwa kookolo: Obutoffaali bwa NK bulina obusobozi obw’ekitalo obw’okutegeera n’okusaanyaawo obutoffaali bwa kookolo obumu obukula mu mibiri gyaffe nga bukyali. N’olwekyo, obutoffaali buno bukola kinene nnyo mu kutangira kookolo okusaasaana.

Obutoffaali buno obwa `NK` kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nkola yaffe ey’abaserikale b’omubiri egy’obuzaale. Enkola eno ey’obuzaale ey’abaserikale b’omubiri ye layini y’omubiri gwaffe esooka ey’okwekuuma. Lowooza ku mubiri gwaffe ng’ekigo. Ebisenge by’ekigo ekyo (olususu lwaffe) n’emikutu (mucous membranes) bye bintu ebisooka okulemesa obuwuka okuyingira. Naye singa omulabe mu ngeri emu oba endala ayita ku biziyiza ebyo n’ayingira, ekibinja ky’amagye ekisooka okugenda mu lutalo ye baserikale bano abazaalibwa nabyo. Abajaasi abasinga obulungi mu ttiimu eyo be butoffaali bwa `NK`.

Okay, kale obutoffaali buno obwa NK bukola butya?

Eno nkola ya njawulo nnyo. Obutoffaali bwa `NK` buli kiseera bulawuna emibiri gyaffe. Nga bwe bakola bwe batyo, "basika" buli katoffaali ke basanga, nga babuuza nti, "Kano katoffaali kaffe akalamu oba katoffaali ka bulabe?" Okusalawo oba akatoffaali ka `NK` kajja kusaanyaawo akatoffaali oba nedda kisinziira ku bubonero bwe kafuna oba bwe katafuna okuva mu katoffaali ke kasika (ka tukiyite `akasenge akagendererwa').

Waliwo ebikwatagana bingi ku ngulu w’obutoffaali bwa NK ebisobola okukola n’okuziyiza okusaanawo kw’obutoffaali.

Tutegeera tutya obutoffaali obulamu ne twewala okubwonoona? (Okuziyiza) .

Kumpi buli katoffaali akalamu mu mubiri gwaffe kalina endagamuntu ku ngulu ewandiikiddwaako nti, "Ndi katoffaali kalamu akabeera mu mubiri guno." Kino kiyitibwa MHC-1 . Akasenge ka NK bwe kagenda okulawuna, bwe kasisinkana akasenge, kakebera endagamuntu eno eya MHC-1.

Singa ID eba ntuufu, ekitegeeza nti akatoffaali kalamu bulungi, MHC-1 yeekwata ku kiziyiza ekikwata ku katoffaali ka NK. Kiba ng'omukuumi ng'atunuulira endagamuntu n'agamba nti, "Okay, osobola okugenda." Mu kiseera ekyo, enkola y’okutta obutoffaali bwa NK emala kuzikira. Kale akatoffaali ka NK kagenda okukebera akatoffaali akaddako nga tekakola bulabe ku katoffaali akalamu.

Osalawo otya okusaanyaawo obutoffaali obw’akabi? (Okukola) .

Akasenge ka `NK` kayingira mu lutalo mu mbeera nga zino:

• Endagamuntu (MHC-1) bw’ebula: Obutoffaali obusiigiddwa akawuka n’obutoffaali bwa kookolo obumu bukweka endagamuntu eno eyitibwa `MHC-1`. Ekyo kwe kwewala abaserikale b’omubiri. Naye obutoffaali bwa `NK` buba bwa makubo nnyo. Amangu ddala nga balaba akasenge akataliiko ndagamuntu, basalawo nti kateeberezebwa ne bakalumba.
• Endagamuntu (MHC-1) bw’ekendeera: Oluusi `MHC-1` y’akasenge tebula ddala, naye omuwendo gukendeera. Ekyo nakyo kabonero ka kulabula eri obutoffaali bwa `NK`.
• Nga ofuna obubonero obukola:Obutoffaali obumu obulina akawuka n'obutoffaali bwa kookolo bufulumya obubonero obulala obw'enjawulo ku ngulu bwabwo obugamba nti "Ndi wa bulabe." Obubonero buno bwe bukwatibwa ‘activating receptors’ ku butoffaali bwa NK, enkola y’okutta etandika.

Oluvannyuma lw’okusalawo okusaanyaawo akatoffaali, akatoffaali ka NK kakozesa ebyokulwanyisa bibiri eby’amaanyi ennyo eby’eddagala.

1. Perforin: Kino kikola ekituli ebweru w’akatoffaali akagendererwamu.

2. Granzymes: Enziyiza zino eziyitibwa `granzymes` zisindikibwa mu kinnya ekyakolebwa. Bino bwe bimala okuyingira, akatoffaali akagendererwamu kasaanawo okuva munda.

Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza omulimu guno, obutoffaali bwa NK buweereza obubaka (nga buyita mu cytokines) eri abalala bajje bayonje balabe oba waliwo abalabe abalala.

Obutoffaali buno obwa NK busangibwa wa mu mubiri gwaffe?

Obutoffaali bwa NK busooka kukula mu busimu bwaffe obw’amagumba. Ekyo kye kitundu ekiringa sipongi munda mu magumba gaffe amanene. Oluvannyuma lw’okukula eyo, obutoffaali obumu obwa NK busigala mu busimu bw’amagumba. Abalala bagenda mu bitundu by’omubiri eby’enjawulo ebikwatagana n’enkola yaffe ey’amazzi. Okugeza nga:

• Ensigo z’omusaayi (lymph nodes).
• Ensigo z’omu lubuto
• Tonsils eziyitibwa Tonsils
• Thymus (Ekibumba ekiyitibwa Thymus).

Bino bwe bimala okukula ne bifuuka obutoffaali bwa NK, bifulumizibwa mu musaayi. Eno y’ensonga lwaki obutoffaali buno bungi nnyo mu musaayi gwaffe. Okugatta ku ekyo, obutoffaali buno obwa NK era busobola okusangibwa mu bitundu by’omubiri ng’ekibumba n’amawuggwe. Mu budde obwabulijjo, mu mubiri gw’omuntu omukulu mu kiseera kyonna mulimu obutoffaali bwa NK obusukka mu buwumbi bubiri. Wabula obulamu bwazo buba bumpi katono, nga wiiki bbiri.

Njawulo ki eriwo wakati w’obutoffaali bwa NK ne Cytotoxic T-cells?

Wadde nga bino byombi butoffaali butta mu baserikale b’omubiri, emirimu gyabyo n’enkola yaabyo bya njawulo. Okusobola okutegeera obulungi enjawulo eno, laba ekipande wansi.

Endwadde ki ezireetebwa obuzibu ku butoffaali bwa NK?

Obutabeera na butoffaali bwa NK bumala mu mibiri gyaffe, oba obutaba na butoffaali bwe tutakola bulungi, kya bulabe nnyo eri obulamu bwaffe, kuba kikendeeza ku busobozi bwaffe okulwanyisa yinfekisoni ne kookolo.

Okunoonyereza kuzudde nti enkyukakyuka mu nkola y’obutoffaali bwa NK zisobola okuleeta endwadde ez’enjawulo.

• Endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri: Mu ndwadde zino, abaserikale baffe abaziyiza endwadde balumba obutoffaali bwaffe obulamu. Kiteeberezebwa nti obutakola bulungi bwa butoffaali bwa `NK` buyinza okuvaako embeera eno.
• Asima: Obutoffaali bwa NK buyamba mu kufuga oba okwongera okuzimba mu mifulejje gy’empewo mu asima.
• Obulwadde bw’ekyenda ekizimba (IBD): Obutoffaali bwa NK bwenyigidde mu kuzimba kw’omubiri ku yinfekisoni za bakitiriya mu nkola y’okugaaya emmere.

Okugatta ku ekyo, waliwo obulema bubiri obw’obuzaale obuzaalibwa nga bukwata ku butoffaali bwa NK.

1. Classical Natural Killer Cell Deficiency (NKD): Abantu abalina embeera eno balina obutoffaali bwa NK butono nnyo oba tebulina musaayi bwabwe.

2. Obutabeera na butoffaali bwa butonde obutta (NKD):Newankubadde wano waliwo obutoffaali bwa `NK` obumala, omulimu gw'obutoffaali obwo, kwe kugamba, obusobozi bwabwo okusaanyaawo obutoffaali, munafu nnyo.

Abantu abalina embeera zombi bali mu bulabe obw’okulwala endwadde enfunda eziwera naddala ez’akawuka. Okugeza, HPV, herpes, cytomegalovirus (CMV), n’akawuka akaleeta obulwadde bw’enkoko bisobola okukosa ennyo.