Zan lama mit hmuhna tha lo tak tak i nei bawk em? Night Vision chungchang hi i zir belh ang u!

Zanah khawlaia i kal lai emaw, i in chhung a thim lai emaw hian thil i hmu chiang thei lo ang maiin i inhriat fo thin em? Movie hall-ah te, lighting hniam hmunah te hian a chang chuan harsatna tlem i nei thin em? Chuvangin vawiinah hian he "night vision " emaw (Sap tawnga an tih angin) hi eng nge a nih, kan mit hian engtin nge a insiamrem tih leh engvangin nge mi thenkhatin night vision an tihtlem tih hi han sawi ila. Hei hi mi tam takin harsatna an neih a nih avangin hei hi i fimkhur ang u.

Zanah hmuh hi eng nge a awmzia? Chu chu (Scotopic Vision) a ni em?

A awlsam zawngin, zan lama thil hmuh theihna chu êng hniam takah emaw, thimah emaw thil hmuh theihna a ni. Damdawi lam hawi chuan hei hi Scotopic Vision an ti bawk. Hei hi ni ênga thil hmuh leh êng ṭha tak hnuaia thil hmuh nen a inkalh chiah a ni. Photopic Vision kan ti a .

Ngaihtuah teh, kan mit leh thluak hian he thil hmuhna an tih hi an thawk dun a ni. Teamwork ang mai a ni. Ni êngah te, artificial light-ah te, leh thimah te hian heng pahnih hian electrical signal te chu image-ah an chantir a, min hmuhtir a ni. Mak a ni lo maw?

Engtin nge kan mit hian thimah hmuh theih turin min puih?

Kan mit hi taksa peng hrang hrang complex tak leh fing tak tak a ni. Zanah mit chhunga thil thleng hi han en teh ang.

Mit chhungah hian êng a lut a , chu chu mit hmaa membrane awm, cornea kaltlangin a lut a ni. Hei hi lens ang a ni. Tichuan he êng hi mit lai takah black hole te tak te a paltlang a. Hei hi pupil , a nih loh leh Sinhala tawngin ‘ black eye ’ an ti a. He mitmeng chhehvela rawng hrang hrang hi iris , emaw ‘mit iris’ emaw an ti a. He iris hian taksa peng ang maiin hna a thawk a. Eng a tam chuan mit chu a ti tlem a, êng a tlem chuan, chu chu thimah a ni. Camera lens ang maiin a thawk a ni.

A dawtah chuan a pawimawh ber a lo thleng leh a ni. Kan mit chhungah, a bik takin retina -ah hian light-sensitive cell chi hnih a awm a. Chungte chu photoreceptor an ti a . Anni chu:

• Rod cells te chu a awm
• Cone cell (Cone) te chu a awm a.

Heng cell te hi mit chhunga lut light particle, a nih loh leh photon , te chu man a, electrical signal-ah a chantir a, thluaka thawn chhuaktu an ni. Kan mit hian cone cell maktaduai 6 vel a nei tlangpui a, rod cell maktaduai 120 vel a nei bawk! Chu chu number mak tak a ni lawm ni?

Rod leh cone te hi eng nge an danglamna?

Okay, tunah chuan heng cell pahnih inthlauhna hi han en ila.

• Cones: Hengte hian rawng kan hmuh theih nan min pui thin. Heng cone cell te hian ni eng leh êng tha takah hna an thawk tha ber. Retina (Retina lai takah chuan macula an tih hmunah chuan .
• Rods: Tunlai kan thawnthua mi huaisen an ni! Heng rod cell te hi êng tlem, chu chu thimah thil hmuh theihna tura min puitu an ni. Retina pawn lam kil lamah an awm tam ber . Chuvangin peripheral vision kan hmu thin. Mahse thil tenawm tak a awm a, heng rod cell te hian rawng an thliar hrang thei lo. Chuvang chuan zanah chuan dum, var leh grey chauh kan hmu thin.

Chubakah, heng rod cell te hi cone cell aiin light lakah a let 500 atanga 1000 velin an sensitive zawk! Chu chu êng tenau ber pawh an la thei tihna a ni.

Engvangin nge miten zanah rannung angin an hmuh theih loh?

Zan lama rannung, ui leh ui ang chi te hian an hmuh that zia hi i hmu tawh ngei ang. Engvangin nge kan tih theih loh? Chutiang a nih chhan hi eng emaw zat a awm.

• Ramsa thenkhat chuan mihring aiin mit lian zawk an nei a.
• Tin, an mitmeng , a nih loh leh an mit dum chu mihring aiin a inhawng lian thei a, chu chuan mit chhungah êng tam zawk a lut thei bawk.
• Thil danglam bik dang chu rannung thenkhat chuan an mit chhungah Tapetum Lucidum an tih membrane an nei a. Hei hian mit chhunga êng lut chu retina ah a rawn lang leh a ni . Darthlalang ang mai a ni. Chuvang chuan light vawi hnih an hmang thei a ni. Mihring hian he Tapetum Lucidum hi kan nei lo .

Engtin nge zanah kan mit a lo danglam?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan zan lama thawk tam ber chu rod te hi an ni. A chhan chu rawng an hmu thei lo a, zanah rawng kan hmu thei lo. Black, white leh gray chauh kan hmu. Black-and-white movie hlui ang maiin.

Nitin 20/20 vision nei mi chuan mel thum vel a hlaah a hmu thei niin an sawi a, mahse Leilung curvature hian chu aia kan hmuh theihna chu a tikhawtlai a ni. Mahse, chu aia hla zawka awm in leh arsi ang chi thil kan hmu thei a ni.

Zan Mitdelna chu eng nge ni?

Mi thenkhat chuan zan lama mit an hmu tha lo hle. Chumi awmzia chu mi dangte tana thil pangngai, thim takah pawh thil an hmu chiang thei lo tihna a ni. Entirnan, restaurant emaw movie theater emaw ang chi hmun eng lo tak takah hmuh an harsat hle. He natna hi Night Blindness an ti a , damdawi lam atanga thlir chuan Nyctalopia an ti bawk .

A pawimawh ber chu Nyctalopia hi natna pakhat chauh a ni lo. Mit natna hnuaia awm dang chhinchhiahna a ni thei bawk.

Hei hi hmun eng tha tak atanga hmun thim takah i kal chuan i mit chu a insiamrem rang thei lo tih nen a inzawm fo thin. Mi mitdel, chu chu myopia nei te pawhin a chang chuan zan lamah mit an harsat phah thei bawk. Retina vang a niRetina natna vang a ni lo mai thei a, mit chhunga êng a focus dan lama harsatna a ni zawk.

Zanah hmuh theih lohna chhan lian ber berte chu engte nge ni?

Zan lama mit hmuhna tlahniam, a nih loh leh nyctalopia . Tlemte han thlir ila.

Glaucoma leh a enkawl dan

Glaucoma hi mit natna pawl pakhat a ni a, mit nerve a tichhe a, chu chu retina atanga thluaka signal phurtu nerve a ni. Glaucoma hian zan lama mit hmuhna a tichhe thei a ni. Tin, glaucoma damdawi ṭhenkhat, pilocarpine ang chi chuan mit chu a tikhawlo . Hei hian zan lama mit hmuhna a tichhe thei bawk.

Mit (cataract) a awm

Cataract hi mit chhunga lens chiang tak chu chhum leh chhum ang maia awm a ni. Hei hian light chu a focus tha thei lo. Hei hi kan awm dan tlangpui a ni a, a bik takin kan tar chhoh zel chuan. Kum 80 chunglam zinga 50% aia tam chuan mitdel an nei emaw, an nei tawh emaw nia chhut a ni. Mitdel enkawlna pangngai chu operation hmanga lakchhuah hi a ni. Cataract a lo awm chuan zan lama mit hmuhna a tlahniam nasa hle a, a bik takin lirthei khalh lai hian a tlahniam hle. Eng a darh ang maiin an lang thei.

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) a awm thei lo.

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) hi mit natna rochun pawl a ni a. Retina a nghawng nghal vek a ni . RP chhinchhiahna hmasa ber pakhat chu zan lama mit hmuhna tlahniam hi a ni. Hei hian mit pahnih a nghawng fo thin. RP vei tam tak chu an mit a tlahniam a, ṭhenkhat chu mitdel pawh an ni thei.

Vitamin A tlakchhamna

Vitamin A hi kan mit tan a pawimawh hle a, a bik takin zan lama kan hmuh theih nan a pawimawh hle. Vitamin A hi rhodopsin an tih chemical siam nan a mamawh a, chu chuan zanah kan hmu thei a ni. Vitamin A tlakchhamna hian zan lama mit hmuhna a tichhe thei a ni. Mite chuan ei leh in inthlau tak ei lo emaw, operation thenkhat (intestinal bypass surgery ang chi) nei tawh emaw chuan vitamin A tlakchhamna an nei thei a ni. Mit chauh a nghawng lo va, vun, thinlung, lung, leh immune system te a nghawng thei bawk.

Zunthlum (Diabetes Mellitus) natna a ni.

Diabetes Mellitus hi thisen sugar level, a nih loh leh glucose a san chhoh dan a ni. Zunthlum hian mit lama harsatna chi hrang hrang a thlen thei a ni. Blurred vision leh reduced night vision te chu a then chu a ni. Chuvang chuan zunthlum i vei a nih chuan i thisen sugar level control a pawimawh hle. Tin, mit lam doctor pan fo a, mit enfiah fo a pawimawh bawk. Hei hi a chhan chu zunthlum hian glaucoma leh cataract ang chi natna a thlen theihna a tipung a ni.

Kum upa lam avanga mit natna (ARMD) .

HeiAge-related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) pawh hi mit natna a ni a, rochun theih a ni. Central vision a nghawng ber a ni . Peripheral vision hi a nghawng lo tlangpui. Kum 50 chunglam ah a awm tam ber a, mit pakhat emaw mit pahnih emaw a nghawng thei.

Hei hi chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu dry leh wet te an ni.

• Dry ARMD: Hetah hian mit hmun macula tih hmunah hian drusen an tih yellow deposits a lo awm thin. Chumi hnuah chuan macula chu a thim a, a vawt ta a ni.
• Wet ARMD: Hetah hian macula hnuaiah thisen kalna kawng pangngai lo a lo piang a, tui a leak thin. Chumi hnuah chuan macula chu a lo hring chhuak ta a ni.

Heng zawng zawngah hian zan lama hmuh theihna a nghawng thei a ni.

Zan lama mit hmuhna chhan hriat tumin eng test nge tih thin?

Doctor hnenah zan lama mit i hmuh that loh thu i hrilh chuan a tih hmasak ber tur chu i mit uluk taka enfiah hi a ni. I medical history leh symptom dangte a zawt ang. Chu bâkah, test dang tlemte pawh an ti thei bawk.

• Electroretinography: He test hian i mit (retina) hian eng a chhan dan a en thin.
• Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart: Hei hi doctor hnena kan kal huna lehkha chhiar nana kan hman chart nen a inang hle. Mahse, heihi chu dum atanga tan a ni a, zawi zawiin gray-ah a kal ta a ni. Hei hian gray shade hrang hrang i thliar hrang theih dan a teh a ni.
• Thisen test: I vitamin A leh glucose level enfiah nan thisen test pawh i nei thei bawk.

Heng test te hi a chhan dik tak hriat theihna awmchhun a ni.

Chhun lamah 20/20 vision nei mahse zanah hmuh loh theih a ni em?

Ni e, a theih vek a ni. Nitin mit hmuhna famkim (20/20 vision) nei mah la, zanah emaw, eng hniam takah emaw hmuh harsa i ti thei.

Zan lama i mit hmuhna chu hun kal zelah a tlahniam zauh zauh thei. Mahse, hetiang hi i tawn chuan i healthcare team nen inbiakna neih a pawimawh hle. Hei hi damdawi dang, zunthlum ang chi i neih chuan a pawimawh hle.

Kan sawi tawh atanga hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, chuvang chuan vawiin hian night vision chungchang kan sawi nasa hle. I hriat reng tur pawimawh tak tak thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Zan lama hmuh, chu chu zan lama hmuh hi kan nitin nun atan a pawimawh hle.
• Zan lama i mit hmuh danah danglamna emaw, hloh emaw i hmuh chuan ngaihthah suh. Damdawi lam thurawn la ngei ang che.
• I mit hi a hun taka enfiah a pawimawh hle .A bik takin zunthlum, glaucoma ang chi natna i neih chuan emaw, i chhungte zinga mi pakhatin heng mit natna chi hrang hrang a neih chuan.
• Ei leh in inthlau tak ei leh exercise neih hian mit hriselna a vawng nung thei a ni.

I theihnghilh suh, kan mit hi thil hlu tak a ni. Chuvangin, uluk taka enkawl hi kan mawhphurhna a ni. Harsatna i neih chuan Doctor biak pawh hlau suh.

` Zan lama mit hmuh, mit hmuh, zan lama mit, zan lama mitdel, mit hriselna, mit (retina, glaucoma) te