ELISA chu eng nge ni? He lab test hi a awlsam zawngin i zir dawn nia!

Doctor emaw lab report emaw hnen atangin ‘ELISA’ tih thumal hi i hre tawh mai thei , a dik em? A nih loh leh thumal thar a ni mai thei. Chuti a nih chuan ELISA chu eng nge ni a, eng nge a zawn a, engtin nge a thawh? Vawiin hian i thianpa nen in inbia ang maiin i sawi mai ang u. Tichuan hei hi hriatthiamna tha zawk i nei thei ang.

ELISA chu eng nge ni? A awlsam hle mai!

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, ELISA hi laboratory-a hman thin technique bik a ni. Detective ang maiin a thawk a ni. Kan taksaa thil ṭhenkhat, antibodies, antigens , proteins, leh hormones , te chu a zawng a, kan neih zat a teh a ni.

Ngaihtuah teh, he test hi i thisen, plasma, zun, hmui, emaw cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample lak hmanga tih a ni. ‘ELISA’ tih thumal hi ‘enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay’ tihna a ni. A chang chuan EIA test an ti bawk.

Researcher te chuan he ELISA hi immunoassays gold standard an ti a . Chu chu hmanraw rintlak leh dik tak a ni tihna a ni. He ELISA method hmanga test hian natna chi hrang hrang , bacteria leh viral infection (e.g., Lyme disease, HIV) atanga hormone-related diseases, thyroid disease

In lama naupai test pawh he ELISA method hmanga tih a ni tih i hria em? Hormone pakhat human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) , ‘pregnancy hormone’ tia hriat bawk awmna an zawng thin.

Chuti a nih chuan, heng immunoassays te hi engte nge ni?

Okay, tunah chuan immunoassays tih hi eng nge ni tih hi han en ila. Hengte hi laboratory condition (chu chu lab-ah, i taksa chhungah ni lovin) antigens leh antibodies inzawmna atanga innghat test te an ni.

Hei hi hrethiam tur chuan i taksaa antibodies leh antigens te hnathawh dan hi hriatthiam hmasak a pawimawh. Antibodies hi i immune system siamtu thil a ni . I taksa tana tha lo thilte chu an inzawm khawm a, chu chu a paih chhuah theih nan an pui thin. Kan ram defence force ang mai an ni. Antibody te hi a awmAntigen chu antibody-in a hriat theih tur marker chi hrang hrang a ni. Heng antigens te hi cell emaw virus emaw chunglama protein emaw sugar emaw awmte an ni tlangpui.

Antigens hi thil chi hrang hrang chung lamah hmuh theih a ni , chung zingah chuan:

• Virus a ni
• Bacteria te hi a ni
• Allergens - entirnan, ei tur allergens, boruak allergens
• Parasites te hi a awm
• Protein a awm a
• Cancer cells te hi a awm a
• I taksaa cell pangngai awm

Chuvangin, immunoassays-ah chuan lab-a scientist-te chuan an kuta antigen emaw antibody emaw hmangin i hnen atanga lak chhuah liquid sample (e.g., thisen sample)-ah antigen emaw antibody emaw engemaw zat a awm leh awm loh an test thin. Hrethiam e?

ELISA method hmanga test hrang hrangah hian antigen leh antibodies bik a awm leh awm loh hriat theih a ni.

ELISA method hi eng atan nge hman?

Medical test hrang hrang tam tak chu ELISA method hmangin an ti thin. Mahse a pawimawh ber chu i lab report-ah ‘ELISA test’ tih hi a lang lo ang. A chhan chu ELISA hi lab-a hmanraw hman mai a nih vang a ni a, chu hmanraw hmanga test tih theih chu chhiar sen loh a awm a ni. Chaw siamna atana hmanraw hman ang bawkin, chu hmanrua hmang chuan ei tur chi hrang hrang i siam thei bawk.

ELISA hman tlanglawn pakhat chu antibodies hmuhchhuah leh tehna a ni. Entir nan:

• Bacteria, virus emaw fungal infection laka antibody: Bacteria infection entirnan Lyme disease, brucellosis, leh syphilis te hi a ni. Viral infection entirnan HIV leh hepatitis A, B, leh C. Fungal infection entirnan yeast infection (candida) hi a ni.
• Autoantibodies: Hengte hi i immune system hmanga i cell te tihchhiat nan a hman thin antibodies te an ni. Autoimmune natna tam tak hi heng autoantibodies vang hian a awm thin. Entirna pakhat chu type 1 diabetes hi a ni. Hetiang dinhmunah hian chhan hriat loh vangin i taksa chuan autoantibodies a thawn chhuak a, chu chuan i pancreas-a insulin siamtu cells te chu a tichhia a ni.

ELISA method hman tlanglawn dangte chu:

• Hormone level hriatchhuah leh tehna:Entirnan, mihring chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), leh testosterone te hi a ni.
• Khawtlanga natna hri leng dan enfiah: Entirnan, chlamydia emaw, influenza emaw (‘the flu’ kan ti) hri leng a awm chuan.
• Thisen pekte chu virus components awm leh awm loh test: entirnan, HIV.
• Damdawi lam ni lo ruihhlo hman dan hriatchhuah: Entirnan, i system-ah amphetamine emaw cocaine emaw i awm leh awm loh enfiah. Hengte hi screening test mai a ni.
• Tumor marker level hriatchhuah leh tehna: Hengte hi i taksaa cancer chungchang hriattirna pe thei thil eng pawh a ni. Entirna pakhat chu prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test hi a ni.
• Dust leh food allergy hriatchhuah.
• Natna thenkhat laka vaccine pek i nih leh nih loh enfiah: entirnan, mumps leh rubella.

He ELISA method hian engtin nge hna a thawh? A mak khawp mai!

Okay, tunah chuan he ELISA test hian engtin nge hna a thawh tih hi han en ila. Antibodies emaw antigens emaw a zawn dan azirin danglamna tenau tak tak a awm . Hei hi antibodies zawn dan entirnan la in hriatthiam tum ila. ELISA test tam zawk hi automated a ni - chu chu hna tam zawk hi machine hmanga tih a ni. Mahse he method hi hrethiam tur chuan manual-a kan tih test hi han ngaihtuah teh ang.

ELISA hmanga HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) test i ni a, thisen sample i pe tawh ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. A hmasa berin medical laboratory scientist emaw technician emaw chuan HIV virus (hei hi antigen hna thawktu a ni) chi khat chu test tube emaw plastic plate emaw-ah a hnawih a.

Tichuan, scientist chuan i thisen sample chu test tube emaw plate emaw ah a dah lut leh thin. I thisen sample-ah hian HIV dotu antibody a awm chuan chu antigen (he thu-ah hian HIV virus) nen chuan an inzawm ang. I thisen sample-ah HIV antibodies a awm loh chuan engmah a thleng lovang.

A dawtah chuan scientist chuan antibody dang a dah belh leh a, he antibody pahnihna hian chu HIV antibody te chu a ‘hriat’ a ni. Chu chu, he antibody pahnihna hian HIV antibody eng pawh, a hmaa antigen nena inzawm tawh chu a binding tihna a ni. He antibody pahnihna hi enzyme (chemical reaction ti chak thei thil) nen a inzawm a ni. Hei hi ELISA-a ‘enzyme-linked’ part lo chhuahna hmun a ni.

A tawp berah chuan scientist chuan enzyme nena inrem thei thil pakhat a dah belh leh a.Chumi awmzia chu antibodies a awm chuan substance chu a rawng a danglam dawn tihna a ni. Phên dangin sawi ila, test-a positive a nih chuan rawng inthlak danglamna a awm ang. Chu antigen bik (he thu-ah hian HIV virus) laka antibody i neih loh chuan a rawng a danglam dawn lo. Chu chu negative result anga lantir a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu a rawng inthlakna nasatna, chu chu a rawng a chak zia hi antibody awm zat nen a inmil a ni. Chuvangin ELISA method hian antibody a awm leh awm loh leh a awm zat a hriat theih vek a ni. Mak a ni lo maw?

ELISA test result chu eng nge ni?

ELISA test result hi test mek leh test titu lab a zirin a danglam thei a ni. ELISA test tam zawkah chuan positive emaw negative emaw result a awm a, mahse a chang chuan result chu a dik lo thei a ni:

• Positive result: Positive result tih awmzia chu test-in a thil zawn (e.g., antibody, hormone) a hmuchhuak tihna a ni.
• Negative result: Negative result tih awmzia chu test-naah hian thil zawn mek a awm lo tihna a ni.
• Result dik lo: Result dik lo tih awmzia chu test-naah thil a kalsual tihna a ni. Hei hi sample laknaah, phurh chhuahnaah emaw, test-naah emaw harsatna a ni thei. Hetiang a nih chuan test i neih leh a ngai dawn a ni.

Mahse, i doctor chuan i result awmzia a hrilhfiah ang che.

Ka result a dik lo a nih chuan ka buai tur em ni?

I test result a dik lo vang mai mai chuan natna i nei tihna a ni hauh lo. A châng chuan sample lakna, phurh chhuah, test processing-a tihsual a awm chuan result dik lo a awm thei bawk.

ELISA method that lohna pakhat chu false-positive leh false-negative result a awm theih hi a ni.

• False-positive result: Hei hian test result-in thil sawi tur chu awm lo tak tak mah se, a awm tih a tilang tihna a ni.
• False-negative result: Hei hian test result, thil sawi tur chu a awm tak tak chung pawhin a awm lo tih dik lo taka a lantir tihna a ni.

Doctor-te chuan a natna hriat chian nan test dang an ti leh ṭhin. ELISA test hi screening test atan hman a ni ber.

Results pangngai lo i hmuh chuan i doctor chuan a sawipui ang che. In pahnih hian eng nge i tih leh tur tih chu in rel ang.

ELISA test neih chhan tur eng pawh nei mah la, a tawp ber diagnosis a ni lo tih hre reng ang che.ELISA test result dik lo chuan damdawi lam natna khirh tak i nei tihna a ni hauh lo. Results pangngai lo i hmuh chuan i doctor chuan thil engemaw zat a ngaihtuah ang a, test dang neih belh a ti mai thei. Zawhna zawh hreh suh.

Chuti a nih chuan, he thawnthu atang hian eng thuchah nge kan hriat reng tur ?

Okay, chuvangin tunah chuan kan sawi tawh ELISA chungchangah hian ngaihdan tha tak i neih ka beisei. A awlsam zawngin:

• ELISA hi lab test dan bik a ni.
• Hei hian kan taksaa thil tam tak, antibodies, antigens , leh hormones te chu kan hmu thei a ni.
• Hetiang hmanrua hian naupai, natna hrik, hormone level, leh allergy te ang chi natna chi hrang hrang a hriat theih nan a pui a ni.
• ELISA test result chu positive, negative, emaw invalid emaw a ni thei .
• A pawimawh ber chu: ELISA result hi final diagnosis a ni lo. Results pangngai lo i hmuh chuan hlauthawng suh la, i doctor nen inbia la, a tul chuan test belh leh rawh.

Zawhna i neih chuan i doctor zawh hreh suh. Amah hi a puih theihna tur mi tha ber a ni. Hrisel takin awm rawh!

` ELISA, thisen test, antibody, antigen, diagnostic, lab test