I fa tê chu a chau reng em, a vun rawng dum a nei em, a nih loh leh a khawsik reng reng em? A châng chuan hengte hi symptom pangngai mai a ni thei bawk. Mahse a chang chuan, heng thil tenawm tak takte hi taksa chhungril lama dinhmun khirh tak chhinchhiahna a ni thei. Vawiin hian thisen cancer chi khat, a bik takin naupang tê tête zingah a hluar hle a, mahse puitlingte pawh a nghawng thei tih kan sawi dawn a ni. A hming chu Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, a tawi zawngin (ALL) a ni. Ngaihtuah buai suh, thumal awlsam takin engkim kan sawi dawn a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, ALL tih awmzia chu eng nge ni?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) hi kan thisenah cancer chi khat a lo awm a. Kan thisenah hian thisen sen (red blood cells), thisen var (white blood cells) leh platelet te a awm a. Thisen var chi khat chu lymphocytes an ti a. Kan ram sipaite ang bawkin heng cell te hian kan taksaa lut natna leh hrik te doin min venghim a ni.
Heng lymphocyte cells te hi kan ruh chhunga ruhro (bone marrow) ah an lo piang chhuak thin a ni. A chang chuan heng lymphocyte cell-a genetic mutation avang hian cell hrisel ni lovin cancer cell-ah an chang tan thin. Heng cancer cell te hi thunun theih lohvin an inthen darh a, an pung chak hle a, cell hrisel te chu an tibuaitu a ni. Hei hi ALL tih mai a ni.
Heng cancer cell te hi ruhro chhungah chauh an awm lo. Thisen kal tlangin taksa pum puiah an darh (metastasize) thei a ni.
Mahse a pawimawh ber chu ALL hi natna khirh tak ni mahse, enkawl dan dik tak nena tihdam theih vek a ni. A damna rate hi a sang hle a, a bik takin naupang tê tê zingah a sang hle.
ALL chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?
Lymphocyte chungchang kan sawi hian chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu B cell leh T cell te an ni. Cancer zawng zawng hi heng cell chi hnih atang hian a lo piang chhuak vek a ni.
| Cancer chi hrang hrang | Hrilhfiahna awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| B-cell zawng zawng (B-cell ALL) . | Hei hi a tam ber chi a ni. Naupang ALL 85% vel a ni a, puitling ALL 75%-80% vel a ni. B cells hi kan taksaa hrik laka antibody siamtu cell chi khat a ni. |
| T-cell ALL (T-cell ALL) 1. A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a. | Hei hi a tlem deuh a ni. Puitling 25% vel leh naupang 12%-15% velin he chi hi an nei thin. T cells hi hrik direct-a thattu leh immune system-a cell dangte puitu cell chi khat a ni. |
Heng chi hnih bakah hian chi khat hmuh tur awm lo tak tak Natural Killer ALL tih pawh a awm bawk. I doctor chuan nangmah emaw i fa emaw hian eng type nge i neih tih chiang taka hriat theih nan a tul angin test a ti ang.
Eng symptoms nge kan hmuh?
ALL a lo awm chuan taksa thisen hrisel tak takte chu a tlakchham a, chu chuan symptom chi hrang hrang a thlen thin. Heng symptoms te hi a lo lang nghal thei a, a lo awm zauh zauh thei bawk.
Pawimawh: Heng symptoms te hi i neih hian ALL i nei tihna a ni lo. Amaherawhchu, heng symptoms te hi kar hnih aia rei i neih chuan doctor pan a, thurawn lak a pawimawh hle.
| Symptom a ni | Chu chu eng nge a awmzia? |
|---|---|
| Chauhna leh paleness awm reng | Taksa chhunga thisen sen (red blood cells) tlahniam (anemia) avang hian hna tenau thawh pawh hi a hahthlak thei a, taksa pawh a sen hring angin a lang thei bawk. |
| Natna lo awm fo thin | Thisen var hrisel tak takte a tlahniam chuan taksain natna a do theihna (immunity) a tlahniam a. Chumi avang chuan khawsik leh khawsik ang chi natna a awm fo thei a ni. |
| Thisen chhuak leh hliam tuar | Thisen zam tura puitu platelet a tlahniam zel chuan hnar thisen chhuak, hmui thisen chhuak, leh hliam tenau te pawh taksaah hian blue spot lian tak tak a awm thei a ni. Hmeichhia chu thlasik laiin thisen a chhuak nasa thei hle. |
| Vunah a sen (petechiae) a awm . | Pin hmanga hliam ang maiin vunah hian hmun sen te te a lo lang a, hei hi vun hnuaia thisen kalna kawng te tak te atanga thisen chhuak vang a ni. |
| Ruh leh ruh natna | Cancer cell-in ruhro a luah khat avangin ruh leh ruhroah natna nasa tak a awm thei a ni. |
| Lymph node a lo hring chhuak | Kawng, kawr, leh kekawrte ang chi hmuna lump (nodules) awmte chu na lovin a hring thei. |
| Thil dang pawh a awm | Chaw ei chak lohna, taksa rihna tlahniam, zan lama thawk hah, thawk harsa tih ang chi natna lanchhuahna te pawh hmuh tur a awm thei bawk. |
Engvangin nge he natna hi a lo awm? Risk factors te chu engte nge ni?
Cancer zawng zawng hi a chhan bik pakhat chauh a awm lo. A chhan ber chu kan sawi tawh ang khan thisen cell siam chhuah laia genetic mutations lo awm hi a ni. Naupang tê têah chuan heng mutations te hi an pian hma pawhin a thleng thei a ni.
Mahse, he natna vei theihna tipungtu thil engemaw zat hmuhchhuah a ni.
- Kum: Naupang kum 15 hnuai lam, a bik takin kum 2-5 inkar, leh puitling kum 50 chunglam zingah a hlauhawm ber.
- Genetic disorder thenkhat: Genetic disorder thenkhat, Down syndrome ang chi nei te hian ALL vei theihna chance a sang deuh hlek a ni.
- Radiation laka invenna: Radiation sang tak i tawrh hian, entirnan, cancer dang tan radiation therapy i lo nei tawh a nih chuan i hlauhawmna a tipung thei a ni.
- Virus thenkhat: Viral infection thenkhat, Epstein-Barr virus te pawhin a hlauhawmna a tipung niin an ngai bawk.
- Zuk leh hmuam hman: Puitling zingah chuan zuk leh hmuam hman ang chi carcinogens nena inzawmna pawh a awm thei bawk.
Engtin nge doctor hian he natna hi dik taka a hriat theih ang?
A chunga i sawi tak symptoms nei doctor i pan chuan i symptoms chungchang chipchiar takin zawhna a zawt hmasa ang che. Chumi hnuah taksa enfiahna a nei ang a, test eng emaw zat a ti ang a, a natna hmuhchhuah chu a dik tih finfiah a ni ang.
- Thisen test dan: 1.1.Full Blood Count (FBC) test pangngaiah chuan thisen chhunga cell awm zat dik lo a awm tih hmuhchhuah theih a ni.
- Bone marrow biopsy: Hei hi a natna hriat chian nan test hman ber a ni. Anesthesia hmangin hip ruh ang chi hmun atang hian ruhro sample te tak te lak a ni a, microscope hmangin enfiah a ni. Hei hian cancer cell awm leh awm loh leh, a awm a nih chuan eng chi nge a awm tih chiang takin a hriat theih a ni.
- Imaging test: CT scan leh PET scan hmangin cancer hi taksa peng dang, entirnan, rilru chhungril lamah a darh tawh em tih hriat theih a ni.
- Spinal tap/Lumbar puncture: Cancer cell hi thluak emaw, ruhro emaw-ah a darh tawh tih rinhlelhna a awm chuan ruhro atanga ruh tui tlemte lakchhuah a ni a, test a ni.
ALL tan enkawlna tur engte nge ni?
ALL tan hian enkawlna hrang hrang a awm. I doctor chuan thil tam tak a zirin i tan enkawlna tha ber tur a ruat ang a, chung zingah chuan i kum, natna chi hrang hrang, leh i cancer cell-a genetic marker awmte pawh a tel a ni.
Enkawlna ber chu: Chemotherapy a ni
Chemotherapy hi damdawi chak tak, cancer cells thattu a ni. ALL enkawlna ber a ni. He enkawlna hi stage hrang hrangah pek a ni a, thla engemaw zat atanga kum hnih atanga kum thum thleng a ni.
| Enkawlna stage hrang hrang | Eng thil nge thleng? |
|---|---|
| 1. A bul tanna (Remission Induction) 1.1. | Hei hian kar 4-6 vel a awh thin. A tum ber chu a rang thei ang bera cancer cell tam thei ang ber tihchhiat a ni. Hemi chhung hian damdawi inah i awm a ngai fo ang. |
| 2. Nervous system enkawl dan (CNS-directed therapy) . | He enkawlna hi cancer cells thluak leh ruhroah a darh loh nan emaw, a darh tawh a nih chuan tihchhiat nan emaw pek a ni. Hei hi a hmasa berah tih a ni fo. |
| 3. Inpumkhatna phase | Natna chu a remission hnuah he phase hian cancer cell la awm zawng zawng chu a tichhia tan a ni. Thla engemaw zat chhung chu kar tlemte danah ni engemaw zat damdawi inah i awm ang a, thisen kalna (IV) damdawi i dawng ang. |
| 4. Enkawlna phase | Hei hi stage hnuhnung ber leh rei ber a ni. Kum 2-3 vel a ni. Hetah hian tum ber chu natna lo let leh tur venna a ni. A tam zawkah chuan damdawi ei leh thisen kalna damdawi hi clinic-ah pek thin a ni. Damdawi in pan fo a ngai lo. |
Enkawlna dang
- Targeted therapy: Hei hian cancer cell-a awm chauha awm, genetic change bikte bei thei damdawi pek a ni. Entirnan, he enkawlna hi Philadelphia chromosome an tih, genetic change nei tan chuan a hlawk hle.
- Immunotherapy: Hei hian kan taksa hriselna (immune system) tichakin cancer cells te tihchhiat a huam a ni. CAR-T cell therapy hi tunlai enkawlna hmanrua a ni a, he category-ah hian a tel a ni.
- Radiation therapy: Cancer hian chemotherapy a chhan loh emaw, natna a lo awm leh emaw a nih chuan radiation therapy hman theih a ni.
- Bone marrow transplant: Enkawlna dang a hlawhtlin loh emaw, natna lo kir leh theihna a sang lutuk emaw chuan mi hrisel tak atanga bone marrow transplant turin refer i ni thei.
He natna tihdam theihna chance engzat nge awm?
Hei hi mi zawng zawng rilrua zawhna lian ber a ni. ALL hi cancer a ni a, enkawlna a dawng tha hle.
Naupangah chuan result a beiseiawm hle. Naupang enkawlna dik dawng zinga 98% chuan natna hi a remission kim vek a ni. Natna a dam hnu kum 5 hnua damchhuahna rate chu 90% vel a ni.
He percentage hi puitling zingah chuan a hniam deuh hlek a ni. Puitling tan kum 5 dam chhung hi 30% - 40% inkar a ni.
Mahse hengte hi statistics mai a ni tih hi hriatthiam a pawimawh. Mi pakhatin enkawlna a dawn dan chu midang nen a danglam thei hle. Chuvangin heng number te hian hlauthawng suh. I enkawltu doctor chauhvin i emaw, i fa emaw dinhmun chungchang hi a tha berin a pe thei che a ni.
Cancer i vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan i nun a tlakchhiat ang maia inhriat hi thil pangngai tak a ni. A bik takin i fa a nih chuan. Mahse, ALL hi cancer chi dang tam tak aiin natna tihdam theih zawk a ni tih hre reng ang che. I medical team te chu ring rawh. He zinkawngah hian an awmpui ang che, i mamawh zawng zawng thlawpna leh hrilhfiahna an pe ang che.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) hi thisen var chi khat, lymphocyte-a lo awm thin a ni.
- He natna hi naupang tê tê zingah a tam ber mah se, kum eng pawhah a vei thei a ni.
- Kar hnih aia rei chau reng reng, vun sen, natna fo, taksa sen, leh ruh na ang chi symptoms i neih chuan doctor thurawn zawng nghal rawh.
- ALL hi natna khirh tak ni mahse, chemotherapy ang chi enkawlna hmangin a dam kim vek a ni. A damna rate hi a sang hle a, a bik takin naupang zingah a sang hle.
- Enkawl dan hi rei tak leh hahthlak tak a ni thei a, mahse hlau suh la, i doctor-te ring la, an thupek dik tak zawm rawh.
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