Addictive Substances: He thang hlauhawm tak hi kan hre chiang em?

Engvângin nge mite chu thil ṭhenkhatah awlsam taka an ruihhlo ngawlvei tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? I chhehvelah chuan chutiang mi chu i hmu tawh ngei ang. Vawiin hian heng ‘addictive things’ te hi eng nge an nih tak tak te, eng ang taka hlauhawm nge an nih tih te, i paih chhuah theih leh theih loh te kan sawi dawn a ni. Hei hi thupui pawimawh tak a ni a, a chhan chu tu pawh, kum eng pawhah an nghawng thei a ni.

Heng "Addictive Substances" te hi engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, hengte hi chemical, damdawi emaw, ruihhlo emaw, kan ruihhlo ngawlvei leh kan hman tawh loh theih lohte an ni. A dik tak chuan hei hi natna rei tak a ni . Chu chu, heng thilte hi i tan a pawi hle tih hria mah la, i zawn chhunzawm zel tihna a ni. Magnet-a hip ang mai a ni.

Tunah chuan, he category-a telte hi han thlir ila. Ṭhenkhat chu in hre tawh mai thei a, ṭhenkhat chu tlem a thar deuh pawh a ni thei bawk.

• Zu : Chuti a nih chuan he thil chungchangah hian sawi tur bik a awm lo.
• Caffeine : Ni e, ni e, kan tea leh coffee in chhunga caffeine awm pawh hi he group-ah hian a awm bawk. Mahse a nghawng chu a tam danah a innghat.
• Cannabis/Marijuana : Hei pawh hi tunah hian sawi hlawh tak a ni.
• Hallucinogens : Entirnan Phencyclidine (PCP) leh Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) te hi a ni. Hengte hian i hmuh theih loh thil i hmuh tir thei a, i hriat theih loh thil i hre thei bawk.
• Hypnotics, sedatives leh anxiolytics : Hei hian damdawi `(Benzodiazepines)` leh `(Barbiturates)` te a huam a ni. Doctor-in a pek pawh ni se, hman dik loh chuan addictive an ni thei.
• Inhalants : Paint thinner, aerosol spray thenkhat, gas, leh nitrites ang chi thil. Hengte hi a hlauhawm em em a ni.
• Prescription leh nonprescription opioids : Hei hian natna tidamtu `(Codeine)`, `(Oxycodone)` te bakah damdawi `(Heroin)` te pawh a huam a ni.
• Prescription leh nonprescription stimulants : Chung zingah chuan Adderall® (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine awmna), cocaine, leh methamphetamine (meth) te pawh a tel.
• Tobacco/Nicotine : Cigarette zuk, electronic cigarette hman (e-cigarette emaw vaping emaw) te hi he category-ah hian an tel vek a ni.

‘Substances’ tih thumal ngei pawh hian hei hi ‘powder’ chauh a ni lo tih a chiang hle. Kan hriat loh pawha ruihhlo ngawlvei leh kan hriselna tichhe thei thil chi hrang hrang a awm a.

Eng thil nge ruihhlo ngawlvei ber? Engvangin nge chu chu?

Research atanga a lan dan chuan thil thenkhat chu a dang aiin a addictive zawk a ni. Chung zinga langsar zualte chu:

• Zu
• Cocaine a ei thin
• Heroin a ni
• Methamphetamine a ni
• Nicotine a awm bawk

Engkim hi addiction inang vek a ni lo tih hre reng ang che. Mi pakhatin thil engemaw a addict theihna chance, a nih loh leh an "addiction liability" chu mi hrang hrangah a inang lo. Hei hi thil engemaw zatah a innghat a ni:

• I hman dan: Entîr nân, i ei emaw, i inject emaw, i inhnim emaw a zirin a nghawng chu a inang lo. Thisenah a luh chak poh leh ruihhlo ngawlvei a awm theihna a sang zawk.
• Thluak a thlen chak dan leh thluak "pleasure center" (reward pathway) a tihchak dan): Thil thenkhat chu thluak lamah a kal nghal a, chemical process a tan a, chu chuan hlimna leh lungawina min neih tir thin. Thluak lama 'kick' tlemte ang mai a ni. ``Thisen-thluak inkharkhip'' a pelh chakna pawh a nghawng bawk.
• Chu thil hman avanga nghawng a neih hriat hun chhung: A nghawng chu i hriat hma poh leh i hman leh theihna a sang zawk.
• Hei hian taksa "tolerance" tihpunna leh/ emaw "withdrawal symptoms" awm theihna a thlen thei a ni: hei hi a hnuah tlem kan sawi leh ang.

"Controlled Substances" tih hi eng nge ni?

‘Controlled substances’ chu damdawi emaw chemical emaw hmansual theihna sang tak nei leh Substance Use Disorder (SUD) vei theihna sang tak a ni. Hengte hi counter atanga lei theih a ni lo.

Entirnan, United States-ah chuan prescription controlled drugs siam leh sem chungchangah dan khauh tak a awm a. Entirnan, morphine (natna tidamtu) leh methylphenidate (stimulant) te hi a ni. Tin, over-the-counter controlled substance, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) leh heroin te neih leh sem chu dan kalh a ni.

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) chuan heng controlled substance te hi category panga, a nih loh leh "schedules" ah a then a, hei hian an hlauhawmzia leh an mamawh control level te chu a hriat theih phah a ni.

• Schedule I: Heng ruihhlote hi hmansual leh ruihhlo ngawlvei theihna sang ber an ni. Entirnan: `(Heroin)`, `(LSD)`, `(MDMA)` leh ruihhlo `(Marijuana)` te. (American state thenkhatah chuan marijuana hi dan anga hman ni mah se, federal level-ah chuan he category-ah hian a la awm reng a ni.)
• Schedule II: Hengte pawh hian hman dik loh leh ruihhlo ngawlvei theihna a sang hle bawk. Entirnan: `(Fentanyl)`, `(Morphine)`, `(Methamphetamine)` leh `(Oxycodone)` te hi a ni. Doctor-te chuan heng damdawi an pek hian dan khauh tak an zawm tur a ni (e.g. no refills).
• Schedule III: Heng damdawi te hian hmansual theihna a nei tlem zawk a, mahse addiction hlauhawmna engemaw zat an nei thung. Entirnan: Benzphetamine, Ketamine, leh Anabolic steroid te. Heng damdawi te hian an chhuah hun tur bituk an nei bawk (e.g., thla ruk chhungin vawi nga chauh pek theih a ni).
• Schedule IV: Schedule hmasa pathum aiin hman dik loh leh ruihhlo ngawlvei hlauhawmna a nei tlem zawk. Entirnan: `(Clonazepam)`, `(Diazepam)`, `(Lorazepam)`, `(Tramadol)` leh `(Triazolam)` te. Damdawi hi pek chhuah leh pawh ni se, uluk taka enkawl a ni.
• Schedule V: Heng ruihhlo hi hmansual emaw, ruihhlo ngawlvei emaw theihna hniam ber an ni a, mahse risk engemaw zat nei lo an ni lo. Entirnan: Damdawi thenkhat `(Codeine)` awmna, ril\amna damdawi `(Atropine/diphenoxylate)`, `(Pregabalin)` awmna. Heng damdawi hmanga enkawl i nih chhung hian Doctor ten uluk takin an lo thlir reng ang che.

Sri Lanka ramah hian he classification hi a inang lo nain, thil thenkhat chu engtiang chiahin nge controlled tur tih leh medical advice hnuaiah chauh hman tur tih ngaihtuahna min pe thei a ni.

Heng thilte kan hman hian thluak leh taksaah eng nge thleng thin?

Thil pakhat hmannain a nghawng nghal dan chu "intoxication" an ti. Hetah hian thil thleng thei engemaw zat a awm a:

• Mood changes: I lu a hring emaw, i muhil emaw nghal mai thei. I hlim hle mai thei a, i chak hle bawk. Hun dangah pawh rinhlelhna emaw, paranoid emaw i nei thei bawk.
• Hallucinations: Thil awm tak tak lo hmuh emaw hriat emaw.
• Ngaihtuahna leh thutlukna siam thiamna inthlak danglamna: thil dik leh dik lo thlang thei lo, ngaihtuahna buai.
• Coordination lama harsatna: Kal laiin staggering, thil chelh harsa.
• Ei duhna tihpun emaw tihhniam emaw: Hei hi thil awm dan azirin a danglam thei.

I rilru put hmang dik tak chu i ei dan, i ei zat leh chutih laia i system-ah damdawi dang emaw damdawi dang emaw i neih leh neih lohah a innghat a ni.

Substance lakchhuahna

Thil pakhat i hman chhunzawm zel leh i hman fo chuan i taksa chuan a lo thiam tawh thin. Nitin thil tih ang mai a ni. Tichuan, i hman tawh loh thut chuan emaw, i taksa a nghawng dan a reh chuan emaw, natna lan chhuah dan duhawm lo tak tak i nei tan ta a ni. Hei hi "withdrawal symptoms" emaw "discontinuation symptoms" emaw an ti a.

Withdrawal symptoms tlangpui thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Agitation tih a ni
• Khua a vawt tih hriat (Chills) .
• Kawthalo
• Mut harsat
• Muscle a na hle
• Nausea leh luak chhuak
• Pum a na hle
• Thawmhnaw hak

Heng withdrawal symptoms nasat dan hi i hman tawh leh i taksain a lo hman tawh dan (tolerance) ah a innghat a ni. Thil thenkhat, opioids te hian withdrawal symptoms a thlen thei a, chu chu a nasat em avangin i natna tihbo nan i hmang leh duh mai thei. Hei vang hian substance use disorder hi a chang chuan enkawl a harsa thei hle.

Thluak a nghawng dan

Heng addictive substance te hian i thluaka "pleasure center" chu direct in a nghawng a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, biologically chuan hlim leh hlim taka awm kan duh vek a ni. A tam zawkah chuan he hlimna hi thil \ha, hrisel tak tak a\angin kan hmu \hin. I hmangaih tak nena hun i hman hian emaw, chaw tui tak i ei hian emaw, i taksa chuan chemical pakhat dopamine , a siam chhuak thin. He dopamine hian hlimna leh lungawina min thlentu a ni. Chuvangin cycle ang mai a ni - rilru tha tak tak i nei a, chuvang chuan chutiang thil chu tih nawn leh i duh thin.

Heng addictive substances te hi i ei hian eng nge thleng tih i hria em? I thluak hian dopamine tam tak a siam chhuak nghal a. Chumi awmzia chu artificial takin nuam tihna tam tak a siam tihna a ni. Hetianga dopamine level sang hian i ngaihtuahna, i rilru put hmang leh i nungchangah danglamna tha lo tak a thlen thei a ni. Chumi awmzia chu, chu thil hrisel tak tak atanga i hmuh nuam tihna aiin heng thil atanga i hmuh thin artificial pleasure chu i zawm duh zawk tihna a ni.

Hun a kal zel a, heng thilte hian i thluak chemistry a tidanglam thin. Tichuan, a hmaa i ei zat atang khan hlimna i nei tawh lo. Hei hian chu thil chu "tolerance" i nei tihna a ni. Tichuan, chutiang hlimna chu i hmuh theih nan chuan chu thil chu i hman tam lehzual a ngai a ni. Hei hian hman tam lehzual, dose hlauhawm tak ei emaw, thil chi hrang hrang inhmeh emaw a thlen thei a ni. Hei hian nunna atana hlauhawm tak tak , "overdose" ang chi a thlen thei a ni.

Hman mai mai leh ruihhlo ngawlvei nih hi eng nge a danglamna?

‘Hman’ (substance hman) leh ‘misusing’ (substance hmansual) mai mai hi Substance Use Disorder (SUD) thlentu, chronic, habitual pattern nen a danglam a ni. Mi pakhat chuan thil a hmang fo thei a, mahse chu chuan ``SUD'' a siam lo.

Mahse, chu hun remchang chu mi zawng zawngin an hmu vek lo. A chang chuan vawi hnih khat dik lo taka i hman pawhin i taksain a thiam (tolerance) a, addiction a lo ni thei bawk. Chu chu i ngaihtuah aiin awlsam zawkin he thangah hian i tlu thei tihna a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu substance use disorder hi enkawl theih a ni. I inpeih tawh chuan he natna khirh tak hi i enkawl theih nan enkawlna, counseling leh damdawi te a awm a ni.

Nitin nunah engtin nge hei hi kan enkawl ang?

A châng chuan, doctor-te chuan operation hnua natna nasa tak neih nân emaw, natna khirh tak enkawl nân emaw damdawi ṭhenkhat an pe ṭhîn. In chhunga chemical thenkhat (e.g., keyboard tihfai nan spray) a awm bawk. Hengte hi thil tul tak tak a ni.

Mahse, heng thilte hi hman dik loh a ni bawk. Chuvang chuan i doctor-in damdawi a pek emaw, in lama i thil neih te hi hriat chian a pawimawh hle. Hmun him takah dah la , a sawi angin chauh hmang rawh .

Nangmah emaw, i hmangaih tu emaw chu ruihhlo ngawlvei vei theihna hlauhawma i ngaih chuan doctor biak hreh suh . I inpeih apiangin tanpui turin an awm reng a ni. Hlau suh, zak suh. Hei hi tu chungah pawh a thleng thei a, chumi atan chuan tanpuina a awm bawk.

A tawp berah chuan thil tlemte i hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Chuvangin, kan sawiho tawh atang hian heng ruihhlo ngawlvei thilte hi eng ang taka na nge an nih tih leh, an hriat chian a pawimawh zia hi i hre chiang tawh ngei ang.

• Addiction hi chak lohna a ni lo va, natna a ni: tu pawh a nghawng thei. Chuvangin tumah marginalize hi a tha lo.
• Thil tinte hian addictive potential hi a danglam vek a: thil thenkhat chu kan ngaihtuah aiin addictive rang zawkin a awm thei.
• Damdawi prescription pawh hi hman dik loh chuan a hlauhawm thei hle: Doctor thupek zawm fo ang che.
• I thluak hian heng thilte hi tuar thiamna a nei a: Hei hian hun kal zelah i mamawh zual sauh tihna a ni. Hei hi a hlauhawm hle.
• Withdrawal hi a na thei hle: Hei vang hian mi tam tak chu hman leh tura thlem an ni.
• Ṭanpuina a awm! Nangmah emaw, i hriat emaw hian hetiang harsatna hi i nei a nih chuan doctor leh counselor te tanpui tur an awm a ni. Mahni chauhin hrehawm tuar suh.

Hemi chungchang sawi hi a harsa thei hle. Mahse, fimkhur hi a hmasa ber a ni. Nang leh i chhungte hian he thu hi in sawi dun a ngai a, in fimkhur a ngai bawk. Chutah chauh chuan heng thangte hi pumpelhin nun hrisel takin kan nung thei ang. Zawhna dang i neih chuan Doctor zawt hreh suh.

` Addiction, ruihhlo, zu, nicotine, substance use disorder, rilru hriselna, dopamine