Addictive Substances: He thang hlauhawm tak hi kan hre chiang em?

Engvângin nge mite chu thil ṭhenkhatah awlsam taka an ruihhlo ngawlvei tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? I chhehvelah chuan chutiang mi chu i hmu tawh ngei ang. Vawiin hian heng ‘addictive things’ te hi eng nge an nih tak tak te, eng ang taka hlauhawm nge an nih tih te, i paih chhuah theih leh theih loh te kan sawi dawn a ni. Hei hi thupui pawimawh tak a ni a, a chhan chu tu pawh, kum eng pawhah an nghawng thei a ni.

Heng "Addictive Substances" te hi engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, hengte hi chemical, damdawi emaw, ruihhlo emaw, kan ruihhlo ngawlvei leh kan hman tawh loh theih lohte an ni. A dik tak chuan hei hi natna rei tak a ni . Chu chu, heng thilte hi i tan a pawi hle tih hria mah la, i zawn chhunzawm zel tihna a ni. Magnet-a hip ang mai a ni.

Tunah chuan, he category-a telte hi han thlir ila. Ṭhenkhat chu in hre tawh mai thei a, ṭhenkhat chu tlem a thar deuh pawh a ni thei bawk.

• Zu : Chuti a nih chuan he thil chungchangah hian sawi tur bik a awm lo.
• Caffeine : Ni e, ni e, kan tea leh coffee in chhunga caffeine awm pawh hi he group-ah hian a awm bawk. Mahse a nghawng chu a tam danah a innghat.
• Cannabis/Marijuana : Hei pawh hi tunah hian sawi hlawh tak a ni.
• Hallucinogens : Entirnan Phencyclidine (PCP) leh Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) te hi a ni. Hengte hian i hmuh theih loh thil i hmuh tir thei a, i hriat theih loh thil i hre thei bawk.
• Hypnotics, sedatives leh anxiolytics : Hei hian damdawi (Benzodiazepines) leh (Barbiturates) te a huam a ni. Doctor-in a pek pawh ni se, hman dik loh chuan addictive an ni thei.
• Inhalants : Paint thinner, aerosol spray thenkhat, gas, leh nitrites ang chi thil. Hengte hi a hlauhawm em em a ni.
• Prescription leh nonprescription opioids : Hei hian natna tidamtu (Codeine), (Oxycodone) te bakah damdawi (Heroin) te pawh a huam a ni.
• Prescription leh nonprescription stimulants : Chung zingah chuan Adderall® (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine awmna), cocaine, leh methamphetamine (meth) te pawh a tel.
• Tobacco/Nicotine : Cigarette zuk, electronic cigarette hman (e-cigarette emaw vaping emaw) te hi he category-ah hian an tel vek a ni.

‘Substances’ tih thumal ngei pawh hian hei hi ‘powder’ chauh a ni lo tih a chiang hle. Kan hriat loh pawha ruihhlo ngawlvei leh kan hriselna tichhe thei thil chi hrang hrang a awm a.

Eng thil nge ruihhlo ngawlvei ber? Engvangin nge chu chu?

Research atanga a lan dan chuan thil thenkhat chu a dang aiin a addictive zawk a ni. Chung zinga langsar zualte chu:

• Zu
• Cocaine a ei thin
• Heroin a ni
• Methamphetamine a ni
• Nicotine a awm bawk

Engkim hi addiction inang vek a ni lo tih hre reng ang che. Mi pakhatin thil engemaw a addict theihna chance, a nih loh leh an "addiction liability" chu mi hrang hrangah a inang lo. Hei hi thil engemaw zatah a innghat a ni:

• I hman dan: Entîr nân, i ei emaw, i inject emaw, i inhnim emaw a zirin a nghawng chu a inang lo. Thisenah a luh chak poh leh ruihhlo ngawlvei a awm theihna a sang zawk.
• Thluak a thlen chak dan leh thluak "pleasure center" (reward pathway) a tihchak dan): Thil thenkhat chu thluak lamah a kal nghal a, chemical process a tan a, chu chuan hlimna leh lungawina min neih tir thin. Thluak lama 'kick' tlemte ang mai a ni. Thisen-thluak inkharkhip'' a pelh chakna pawh a nghawng bawk.
• Chu thil hman avanga nghawng a neih hriat hun chhung: A nghawng chu i hriat hma poh leh i hman leh theihna a sang zawk.
• Hei hian taksa "tolerance" tihpunna leh/ emaw "withdrawal symptoms" awm theihna a thlen thei a ni: hei hi a hnuah tlem kan sawi leh ang.

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"Controlled Substances" tih hi eng nge ni?

‘Controlled substances’ chu damdawi emaw chemical emaw hmansual theihna sang tak nei leh Substance Use Disorder (SUD) vei theihna sang tak a ni. Hengte hi counter atanga lei theih a ni lo.

Entirnan, United States-ah chuan prescription controlled drugs siam leh sem chungchangah dan khauh tak a awm a. Entirnan, morphine (natna tidamtu) leh methylphenidate (stimulant) te hi a ni. Tin, over-the-counter controlled substance, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) leh heroin te neih leh sem chu dan kalh a ni.

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) chuan heng controlled substance te hi category panga, a nih loh leh "schedules" ah a then a, hei hian an hlauhawmzia leh an mamawh control level te chu a hriat theih phah a ni.

• Schedule I: Heng ruihhlote hi hmansual leh ruihhlo ngawlvei theihna sang ber an ni. Entirnan: (Heroin), (LSD), (MDMA) leh ruihhlo (Marijuana) te. (American state thenkhatah chuan marijuana hi dan anga hman ni mah se, federal level-ah chuan he category-ah hian a la awm reng a ni.)
• Schedule II: Hengte pawh hian hman dik loh leh ruihhlo ngawlvei theihna a sang hle bawk. Entirnan: (Fentanyl), (Morphine), (Methamphetamine) leh (Oxycodone) te hi a ni. Doctor-te chuan heng damdawi an pek hian dan khauh tak an zawm tur a ni (e.g. no refills).
• Schedule III: Heng damdawi te hian hmansual theihna a nei tlem zawk a, mahse addiction hlauhawmna engemaw zat an nei thung. Entirnan: Benzphetamine, Ketamine, leh Anabolic steroid te. Heng damdawi te hian an chhuah hun tur bituk an nei bawk (e.g., thla ruk chhungin vawi nga chauh pek theih a ni).
• Schedule IV: Schedule hmasa pathum aiin hman dik loh leh ruihhlo ngawlvei hlauhawmna a nei tlem zawk. Entirnan: (Clonazepam), (Diazepam), (Lorazepam), (Tramadol) leh (Triazolam) te. Damdawi hi pek chhuah leh pawh ni se, uluk taka enkawl a ni.
• Schedule V: Heng ruihhlo hi hmansual emaw, ruihhlo ngawlvei emaw theihna hniam ber an ni a, mahse risk engemaw zat nei lo an ni lo. Entirnan: Damdawi thenkhat (Codeine) awmna, ril\amna damdawi (Atropine/diphenoxylate), (Pregabalin) awmna. Heng damdawi hmanga enkawl i nih chhung hian Doctor ten uluk takin an lo thlir reng ang che.

Sri Lanka ramah hian he classification hi a inang lo nain, thil thenkhat chu engtiang chiahin nge controlled tur tih leh medical advice hnuaiah chauh hman tur tih ngaihtuahna min pe thei a ni.

Heng thilte kan hman hian thluak leh taksaah eng nge thleng thin?

Thil pakhat hmannain a nghawng nghal dan chu "intoxication" an ti. Hetah hian thil thleng thei engemaw zat a awm a:

• Mood changes: I lu a hring emaw, i muhil emaw nghal mai thei. I hlim hle mai thei a, i chak hle bawk. Hun dangah pawh rinhlelhna emaw, paranoid emaw i nei thei bawk.
• Hallucinations: Thil awm tak tak lo hmuh emaw hriat emaw.
• Ngaihtuahna leh thutlukna siam thiamna inthlak danglamna: thil dik leh dik lo thlang thei lo, ngaihtuahna buai.
• Coordination lama harsatna: Kal laiin staggering, thil chelh harsa.
• Ei duhna tihpun emaw tihhniam emaw: Hei hi thil awm dan azirin a danglam thei.

I rilru put hmang dik tak chu i ei dan, i ei zat leh chutih laia i system-ah damdawi dang emaw damdawi dang emaw i neih leh neih lohah a innghat a ni.

Substance lakchhuahna

Thil pakhat i hman chhunzawm zel leh i hman fo chuan i taksa chuan a lo thiam tawh thin. Nitin thil tih ang mai a ni. Tichuan, i hman tawh loh thut chuan emaw, i taksa a nghawng dan a reh chuan emaw, natna lan chhuah dan duhawm lo tak tak i nei tan ta a ni. Hei hi "withdrawal symptoms" emaw "discontinuation symptoms" emaw an ti a.

Withdrawal symptoms tlangpui thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Agitation tih a ni
• Khua a vawt tih hriat (Chills) .
• Kawthalo
• Mut harsat
• Muscle a na hle
• Nausea leh luak chhuak
• Pum a na hle
• Thawmhnaw hak

Heng withdrawal symptoms nasat dan hi i hman tawh leh i taksain a lo hman tawh dan (tolerance) ah a innghat a ni. Thil thenkhat, opioids te hian withdrawal symptoms a thlen thei a, chu chu a nasat em avangin i natna tihbo nan i hmang leh duh mai thei. Hei vang hian substance use disorder hi a chang chuan enkawl a harsa thei hle.

Thluak a nghawng dan

Heng addictive substance te hian i thluaka "pleasure center" chu direct in a nghawng a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, biologically chuan hlim leh hlim taka awm kan duh vek a ni. A tam zawkah chuan he hlimna hi thil \ha, hrisel tak tak a\angin kan hmu \hin. I hmangaih tak nena hun i hman hian emaw, chaw tui tak i ei hian emaw, i taksa chuan chemical pakhat dopamine , a siam chhuak thin. He dopamine hian hlimna leh lungawina min thlentu a ni. Chuvangin cycle ang mai a ni - rilru tha tak tak i nei a, chuvang chuan chutiang thil chu tih nawn leh i duh thin.

Heng addictive substances te hi i ei hian eng nge thleng tih i hria em? I thluak hian dopamine tam tak a siam chhuak nghal a. Chumi awmzia chu artificial takin nuam tihna tam tak a siam tihna a ni. Hetianga dopamine level sang hian i ngaihtuahna, i rilru put hmang leh i nungchangah danglamna tha lo tak a thlen thei a ni. Chumi awmzia chu, chu thil hrisel tak tak atanga i hmuh nuam tihna aiin heng thil atanga i hmuh thin artificial pleasure chu i zawm duh zawk tihna a ni.

Hun a kal zel a, heng thilte hian i thluak chemistry a tidanglam thin. Tichuan, a hmaa i ei zat atang khan hlimna i nei tawh lo. Hei hian chu thil chu "tolerance" i nei tihna a ni. Tichuan, chutiang hlimna chu i hmuh theih nan chuan chu thil chu i hman tam lehzual a ngai a ni. Hei hian hman tam lehzual, dose hlauhawm tak ei emaw, thil chi hrang hrang inhmeh emaw a thlen thei a ni. Hei hian nunna atana hlauhawm tak tak , "overdose" ang chi a thlen thei a ni.

Hman mai mai leh ruihhlo ngawlvei nih hi eng nge a danglamna?

‘Hman’ (substance hman) leh ‘misusing’ (substance hmansual) mai mai hi Substance Use Disorder (SUD) thlentu, chronic, habitual pattern nen a danglam a ni. Mi pakhat chuan thil a hmang fo thei a, mahse chu chuan SUD'' a siam lo.

Mahse, chu hun remchang chu mi zawng zawngin an hmu vek lo. A chang chuan vawi hnih khat dik lo taka i hman pawhin i taksain a thiam (tolerance) a, addiction a lo ni thei bawk. Chu chu i ngaihtuah aiin awlsam zawkin he thangah hian i tlu thei tihna a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu substance use disorder hi enkawl theih a ni. I inpeih tawh chuan he natna khirh tak hi i enkawl theih nan enkawlna, counseling leh damdawi te a awm a ni.

Nitin nunah engtin nge hei hi kan enkawl ang?

A châng chuan, doctor-te chuan operation hnua natna nasa tak neih nân emaw, natna khirh tak enkawl nân emaw damdawi ṭhenkhat an pe ṭhîn. In chhunga chemical thenkhat (e.g., keyboard tihfai nan spray) a awm bawk. Hengte hi thil tul tak tak a ni.

Mahse, heng thilte hi hman dik loh a ni bawk. Chuvang chuan i doctor-in damdawi a pek emaw, in lama i thil neih te hi hriat chian a pawimawh hle. Hmun him takah dah la , a sawi angin chauh hmang rawh .

Nangmah emaw, i hmangaih tu emaw chu ruihhlo ngawlvei vei theihna hlauhawma i ngaih chuan doctor biak hreh suh . I inpeih apiangin tanpui turin an awm reng a ni. Hlau suh, zak suh. Hei hi tu chungah pawh a thleng thei a, chumi atan chuan tanpuina a awm bawk.