Antiemetic damdawi chungchang hi kan hriat chian tur em ni?

I rilru a hah a, a chang chuan i luak chhuak thin a ni mai thei, a dik em? A nuam lo tak zet a ni. Chuvangin vawiin hian damdawi chi khat kan sawi dawn a, chu chuan heng thilte, natna leh riltam ang chi te hi control leh tihtawp theihna a ni. Hengte hi antiemetic drugs kan tih te hi an ni . Hengte hi eng nge an nih, engtin nge an hnathawh, engtikah nge an hman tih i en ang u.

Heng antiemetic damdawi te hi engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, ``Antiemetic drugs`` tih hi natna leh riltam venna atana pek emaw, a lo awm chuan enkawl nan emaw damdawi a ni. ``Anti-`` tih awmzia chu ``dona'' tihna a ni.``-emetic`` tih thumal hi ``emesis`` tih thumal atanga lo chhuak a ni. Damdawi lamah pawh ``(emesis)`` tih thumal hi luak chhuahna atan hman a ni. Chuvangin, hengte hi luak chhuak lo tura pek damdawi an ni.

``Antimetic`` damdawi chi hrang hrang a awm a, chungte chu ``drug class`` hrang hrang a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu damdawi dawr aṭangin damdawi (``Over-the-counter`` emaw ``OTC`` damdawi an tih) tel lovin i dawng thei. Mahse a then chu doctor hnen atanga prescription (`` prescription`` damdawi) nen chauh ei theih a ni. Nausea leh luak chhuak chhan tam tak a awm avangin, a chhan hrang hrang atana hman tur ``Antimetic`` damdawi bik a awm a.

Engtikah nge anti-vomiting damdawi ka mamawh?

Tunah chuan, 'Chuti a nih chuan engtikah nge hetiang damdawi hi ka mamawh ang?'

Vomiting hi a takah chuan a chang chuan kan taksa venhimna a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, chaw chhe i ei a nih chuan, emaw, pum na (stomach flu) i neih chuan, luak chhuak a, i taksa atanga rimchhia chu paih chhuah a tha zawk.

Amaherawhchu, luak chhuak a nasat emaw, a lo awm fo emaw chuan hriselna lama harsatna lian tak a thlen thei a ni. Entir nan:

• Ruh tliak pawh a awm thei a, a bik takin kum upa lam tan.
• Dehydration chu taksa atanga tui hloh hi a ni.
• Esophageal rupture, Boerhaave’s syndrome tia hriat bawk.
• Ei duhna a hloh .
• Ei leh in lama harsatna (`Malnutrition`).
• Rilru lam inthlak danglamna.
• Ha enamel chu a chhe vek.
• Surgery hliam chu a inhawng leh thei (`Surgical wounds hawn leh`).

Hetiang thil avang hian doctor-te chuan a chang chuan he ``Antimetic`` damdawi hi luak chhuak lo tur emaw, luak chhuak lo tan tawh tihtawp nan emaw an pe thin.

Nausea leh luak chhuak reng turin a pui

Nausen emaw rei tak emaw i rilru a buai a, i luak chhuak a nih chuan i doctor chuan ``Antimetic'' damdawi a pe thei che a ni. Entirna thenkhat han en ila.

• Radiation- leh chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV): Nausea leh/or vomiting hi chemotherapy avanga side effect awm fo a ni. Thluak, chaw kawng emaw, thin emawa radiation therapy hmanga enkawlna hian heng side effects te hi a thlen thei bawk. Hemi avang hian doctor-te chuan chemotherapy emaw radiation therapy emaw i neih laiin antiemetic ei turin an rawt a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu nausen leh luak tam lutuk hi cancer vei tan chuan a hlauhawm hle thei a ni.
• Naupai laiin nausea leh luak chhuak (`morning sickness` tia hriat bawk): Doctor thenkhat chuan hemi atan hian over-the-counter `antiemetics` an rawt thin. Chutiang bawkin `hyperemesis gravidarum` atan pawh doctor-te chuan over-the-counter emaw, prescription `antiemetics` emaw ei an rawt a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu heng `(Antimetic)` damdawi te hi engtikah nge i hman ang a, engtin nge i hman ang tih hi i doctor nen inbia ang che. A chang chuan, a bik takin `(CINV)` ang dinhmunah chuan `(Antimetic)` pakhat aia tam hman a ngai mai thei. If you have nausea and vomiting during pregnancy , damdawi dawr atanga damdawi i ei hmain doctor i biak hmasak phawt tur a ni.

Sudden nausea leh vomiting tan damdawi a ni

A châng chuan, rilru hahna leh rilṭâm a awm ngei ang tih a chiang tawh chuan, doctor-te chuan he ``Antimetic`` damdawi hi a ven theih nân an pe ṭhin. Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh.

Damdawi tam tak, anesthetics (anesthesia-a hman) leh opioid , te hian side effect angin rilru hahna leh luak chhuak a thlen thei a ni. Doctor ten heng damdawi te hi surgery ang chi thil atan an hmang thin. Chuvangin, operation hnua nausea leh vomiting (postoperative nausea and vomiting - PONV) ven nan antiemetic an pe ang che.

Vertigo leh motion sickness hian nausea leh luak chhuak a thlen thei bawk. Heng natna lan chhuah theihna tur dinhmunah hian i awm dawn a nih chuan (entir nan, zin rei takah, bus emaw lawngah emaw) i doctor chuan antiemetic ei turin a rawt thei ang che.

Hei bakah hian doctor-in ``Antimetic'' a pek theihna tur dinhmun dang a awm thei bawk.

Luak chhuak tihtawp nan eng damdawi nge awm?

Tunah chuan antiemetic damdawi chi hrang hrang nge awm tih i lo en ang u. ``Antimetic'' damdawi hi chi sarih a awm ber a. Category tinah hian damdawi chi hrang hrang a awm a.

1. Serotonin dotu a ni

Hengte hi ``Antimetic`` chi khat hman tlanglawn tak a ni a, a bik takin natna leh riltam enkawlna atana pek a ni. Chungte entirnan:

• `Granisetron (Kytril®) tih a ni
• `Ondansetron (Zofran®)` tih a ni
• `Palonosetron (Aloxi®) tih a ni

He damdawi hi US Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) chuan a hnuaia mite venna atan a pawmpui a ni.

• `CINV` (cancer enkawlna avanga nausea leh vomiting) leh radiation therapy avanga nausea leh vomiting te.
• `PONV` (chu chu operation hnua nausea leh vomiting tihna a ni).

Mahse, a chang chuan doctor-te chuan natna dang atan heng damdawi te hi an pe thin. Hei hi `off-label` use an ti a, FDA-in a pawmpui loh thil dang atana hman an ni tihna a ni.

2. Antihistamine damdawi

Antihistamines, a bik takin histamine 1 (H1) receptor block tu te hi doctor-te chuan allergy nena inzawm symptoms control nan an hmang ber a ni. Mahse, heng zinga ṭhenkhat hi FDA-in a pawmpui, motion sickness leh vertigo vanga nausea leh vomiting venna leh enkawl nan a ni. A châng chuan, naupai laia natna leh rilṭâmna damdawi dangin a thawh loh chuan doctor-te chuan off-label-in an pe thei bawk. Hmuhchhuahna atana antihistamine chi thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• `Dimenhydrinate` chewable tablets (`Dramamine®`) hmanga siam a ni.
• Diphenhydramine capsule emaw tablet emaw (Benadryl®) hmanga siam a ni.
• Vitamin B6 with `Doxylamine succinate` – Hei hi naupai laiin nausen leh luak chhuak tan first-line treatment a ni.
• `Meclizine (Antivert®, Bonine®, Dramamine-N®) te hi a awm a, a rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a
• `Promethazine (Phenergan®) hmanga siam a ni`

Damdawi diphenhydramine leh dimenhydrinate te hian PONV (post-operative nausea and vomiting) a veng thei bawk a, mahse a tan chuan first-line medication an ni lo tlangpui.

3. Glucocorticoids te hi a awm a

Glucocorticoids (or corticosteroids) hi damdawi chi khat a ni a, doctor-te chuan an anti-allergic leh anti-inflammatory property vangin an hmang ber a ni. Mahse, glucocorticoid thenkhat chuan antiemetics angin hna an thawk bawk.

Dexamethasone (Baycadron Elixer®, Decadron®, Zema-Pak®, leh brand dang) hi doctor-te’n CINV (cancer enkawlna avanga natna) leh PONV (post-operative nausea) venna atana an hman ber glucocorticoid a ni.

Doctor-te chuan a chang chuan `(Glucocorticoid)` chu `(Antimetic)` chi dang nen an pe \hin a, chu chu nausen leh luak chhuak ven nan a ni. Mahse `(Antimetic)` dang ang lo takin `(Glucocorticoids)` hian vawi khat a lo intan tawh chuan natna leh luak chhuak a tidam thei lo. Chu chu a veng tur chauha pek an ni tihna a ni.

4. Anticholinergics hmanga siam a ni

Anticholinergics (antimuscarinics tia hriat bawk) hi damdawi chi khat a ni a, acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) an tih chemical hnathawh a tikhawlo a ni. Thil chi hrang hrang (urinary incontinence leh COPD ang chi) enkawlnaah an pui thei a, luak chhuak leh luak chhuak pawh an pui thei bawk.

Scopolamine (Maldemar, Scopace, Transderm Scop®) hi riltamna atana hman thin anticholinergic damdawi ber a ni. Doctor-te chuan hetiang hian an hmang thin:

• `PONV` (operation hnua luak chhuak) venna.
• ``Motion sickness`` (khualzin laiin luak chhuak) avanga natna hrik awm loh nan emaw, enkawl nan emaw.

5. Neurokinin-1 receptor dotu a ni

Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists hian i thluaka natural substance neurokinin an tih chu a block a, chu chuan nausea leh vomiting a thlen thin. Heng damdawi te hi CINV (cancer-induced nausea) leh PONV (post-operative nausea) enkawlnaah a tangkai hle. Tin, anti-anxiety (anxiolytic) leh antidepressant property an nei bawk.

Hemi category-a damdawi awmte chu:

• `Aprepitant (Aponvie®, Emend®` leh `Cinvanti®) te hi a awm a ni
• `Fosaprepitant (Emend®` leh `Focinvez®)` te hi a ni
• `Netupitant` leh `palonosetron` te inzawmkhawm (`Akynzeo®)`
• `Rolapitant (Varubi®) tih a ni

6. Dopamine dotu a ni

Dopamine antagonists hi damdawi chi khat a ni a, i thluaka cell chi hrang hrangte chu a kap thei lo. Rilru lam natna leh a lan chhuah dan thenkhat, a bik takin psychosis leh schizophrenia enkawlna atana hmanraw pawimawh tak an ni. Amaherawhchu, heng chi thenkhat hi chuan luak chhuak leh luak chhuak tan pawh a pui thei a ni.

Dopamine antagonist chi hrang hrang, riltamna atana hman thin a awm a:

• `Amisulpride (Barhemsys®) hmanga siam chhuah a ni`
• ``Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®) tih a ni a, a man pawh a tlawm hle.
• `Droperidol (Inapsine®) tih hi a awm a ni
• `Haloperidol (Haldol®) tih a ni
• `Metoclopramide (Reglan®, Gimoti®) hmanga siam chhuah a ni`
• ``Olanzapine (Zyprexa®, Lybalvi®, Symbyax®) te hman a ni
• `Prochlorperazine (Compro®) hmanga siam a ni`

Dopamine antagonists hi `(Antimetic)` damdawi dang a hlawk loh laiin `CINV` (cancer-induced vomiting) aiah a danglamna a ni. `PONV` (post-operative vomiting) venna atan pawh an pui thei bawk.

7. Cannabinoids te hi a awm a

Cannabinoids hi cannabis plant (marijuana)-a awm compound class pakhat a ni. I thluak, gastrointestinal system leh immune cells-a cannabinoid receptor-te nen an inzawm a ni.

Cannabinoid siam chhuah te hi tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) thiltihtheihna ang chiaha siam molecule a ni. Tunah hian antiemetics atana hman tur synthetic cannabinoids chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu:

• `Dronabinol (Marinol®)` tih a ni
• `Nabilone (Cesamet®) tih a ni

Hengte hi CINV (cancer treatment-induced vomiting) atana FDA-in a pawmpui a ni a, first-line antiemetics a hlawhchham chuan chauh hman tur a ni.

Cannabinoids hi antiemetic chi thar ber a ni. Zirchiangtute chuan an hnathawh dan an la zir chhunzawm zel a, an la zirchiang zel bawk.

Engtin nge he damdawi hi kan hmuh theih ang? (A pek dan tur) .

``Antimetic`` damdawi tam tak hi ``form`` pakhat aia tam a awm a. Hetiang hian an lang mai thei:

• Oral pills, chu chu pills ei emaw, ei emaw tihna a ni.
• IV (intravenous) solutions, chu chu damdawi tui tak, vein pakhata pek a ni.
• I taksa ruh (intramuscular)-ah injection pek a ni.
• Skin patches (transdermal) – Hei hi Scopolamine (anticholinergic) tan a ni ber.
• Rectal pills (suppositories) te pawh a awm bawk.

Heng damdawi te hian side effect a nei thei em?

`(Antimetic)` chi hrang hrang avanga side effect awm thei hi a inang lo hle. I doctor chuan damdawi i ei tan hmain heng side effects te hi a hrilh ang che. Zawhna zawh hreh suh la, i ngaihdan sawi chhuak rawh. `(Antimetic)` i tan hnua side effects buaithlak tak tak i neih chuan i doctor nen inbia ang che.

``Antimetic'' chi hrang hrang hmanga side effect awm thei tlangpui (mahse a zawng zawng ni lo) thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Serotonin antagonists: Lu na, luak chhuak, leh chaw ei kham.
• Antihistamines: Mut theih lohna.
• Glucocorticoids: Mut theih lohna, rilru hahna leh rilru inthlak danglamna.
• Anticholinergics: Kawng a vawt a, mit a tidanglam a, mutthilh theih a ni bawk.
• NK-1 receptor antagonists: Lu na, luak chhuak thei, mi thenkhatah chuan allergy na tak (anaphylaxis) a thlen thei bawk.
• Dopamine antagonists: luak chhuak, lu na, leh chetna lama harsatna, dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions) leh tardive dyskinesia (a duh loh zawnga taksa chetna, a bik takin hmai leh hmui) te.
• Cannabinoids te chu:Vertigo, thisen sang hniam, leh dysphoria (lungawi lohna nasa tak emaw, lungawi lohna nasa tak emaw hriatna).

Naupai ka nih chuan he damdawi hi ei hi a pawi em?

Naupai laiin nausen leh riltam i vei a nih chuan i obstetrician-gynecologist (Ob/Gyn) emaw doctor dang emaw i biak tur a ni. I ei tur emaw, i ei hun emaw tihdanglam turin an rawt fo ang. Chu chuan a puih loh chuan damdawi an pe mai thei.

Zirna tam takah chuan antiemetic damdawi thenkhat chu naupai laiin hman a him tlangpui tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Mahse, mi dangte tana himna thu hriatte chu a inthlau emaw, a tlem emaw a ni. Nang leh i doctor chuan i tana tha ber tur chu in rel dun ang.

I naupai tih i hriat veleh doctor pan la, i damdawi ei tur chungchang sawipui rawh. Tin, naupai laiin damdawi thar eng pawh i ei tan hmain doctor i biak hmasak phawt a ngai bawk.

Damdawi dose i ei loh chuan engtin nge i tih?

``Antimetic'' damdawi dose i miss a nih chuan, a bik takin natna leh luak chhuak reng thei tur venna damdawi a nih chuan, ``CINV'' ang chi a nih chuan i doctor nen inbia ang che. I tih tur chungchangah thurawn a pe ang che.

He thuziak a\ang hian eng thuchah nge in lama kan hruai duh?

Tuman nausea leh luak chhuak hi an duh lo. A châng chuan, heng thil tawn nuam lo tak takte hi kan taksa tân a ṭûl ṭhîn. Mahse, hun dangah erawh chuan pawi tak tak an thlen thei a ni. Vanneihthlak takin, antiemetic damdawi hian a hma emaw, a kal zel emaw pawh nise, natna leh riltamna a veng thei a,/ emaw a tidam thei bawk. Thil thlan tur engemaw zat a awm. I doctor nen in thawhhona chuan i tana tha ber tur chu in rel ang. Chuvangin, he harsatna hi i neih chuan doctor biak pawh hlau suh, okay?

`Antiemetics, luak chhuak, luak chhuak, antiemetics, side effects, naupai, cancer enkawlna