Engvangin nge damdawi hian a chang chuan hna a thawh loh? (Antimicrobial Resistance) A chungchang hi awlsam takin i zir ang u!

A chang chuan, "Aw my, tun ṭumah chuan damdawi hian natna chu a ti reh lo ang?" A nih loh leh i doctor-in damdawi a pek kha i ei reng a, mahse i natna chu a reh lo tihna case i nei tawh em? Hei hi a chhan hi i ngaihtuah aiin a buaithlak deuh pawh a ni mai thei. Vawiin hian chutiang thupui pawimawh tak pakhat kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu Antimicrobial Resistance tia hriat natna chu a ni .

Antimicrobial Resistance chu eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, antibiotic resistance chu damdawi pakhatin microbe a do theih lohna a ni . Heng microorganism te hi thil nung te tak te, hmuh theih loh an ni. "Germs" kan ti tlangpui. Chûng zîngah chuan bacteria, fungi, virus, leh parasites te pawh a tel a ni . Heng hrikte hian natna chi hrang hrang a thlen thin. Chuvangin, he antibiotic resistance hi a lo awm chuan doctor tan chuan natna thenkhat tihdam a harsa hle.

Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh. Germ pakhat chu damdawi pakhata a inhriat nawn leh chuan "resistant" a ni ta a ni. Keini ang bawk hian mahni inven dan tur an zawng chhuak thin. An taksa chu an tidanglam a , chu chuan a hmaa an tihlum emaw, an pung zel tur tihtawp nan emaw damdawi hman thin chu an tlanchhuak thei zawk a ni. Hei hi "resistance" kan tih chu a ni. Damdawi pakhat chauh ni lo, damdawi tam tak do thei hrik an awm. "Superbugs" kan ti thin.

A pawimawh ber chu he antibiotic resistance hi i taksaah ni lovin natna hrikah a awm a ni. I taksa hi damdawi laka invenna a lo ni lo va, natna thlentu hrik te hi damdawi laka invenna a lo ni ta zawk a ni.

Heng antimicrobial te hi engte nge ni?

Antibiotics hi infection thlentu natna dotu damdawi a ni. An chi hrang hrang a awm a, chungte chu:

• Antibiotics: Hengte hi bacteria infection tan pek thin a ni.
• Antifungals: Fungal infection tan damdawi pek thin a ni.
• Antiparasitics: Parasites (e.g., malaria damdawi pek) avanga natna awm thei damdawi pek thin.
• Antivirals: Viral infection (e.g., influenza ang natna tan) damdawi pek thin.

Heng antibiotics te hian natna hrik tihlum emaw, darh zel tur tihtawp nan kawng hrang hrangin hna an thawk a ni. A châng chuan hrik cell chhungah lutin, natna hrik natna thlentu che puitu hmunte chu an bei a, a nih loh leh natna hrik chu a copy tam zawk siam tura puitu hmunte chu an bei bawk.

He entîrna hi han mitthla teh. Kitchen ah chaw siamin i awm a. Ka dang duh che. Tichuan i kitchen-ah lutin chaw siamna atana i hman tur thil pakhat chu ka tichhia thei a, a nih loh leh stove hman kha ka titawp thei bawk.

Chuvangin, antimicrobial resistance an neih hnu chuan hetiang hi an ti thei a ni:

• Kitchen (chu chu germ cell) chhunga (chu chu damdawi) a luh loh nan ka veng thei a ni.
• Kitchen atang chuan min paih chhuak thei.
• An huan titawp tura ka hman ralthuam (damdawia active ingredients) te chu ka tichhia thei a ni.
• Ka ralthuam (potions) te hnathawh loh nan ka target thil (germ parts) te chu ka thlak thei a ni. Entirnan, an thil hmante chu tlem an thlak danglam a, a nih loh leh stove chu ka block theih loh nan an thlak bawk.
• Chaw an buatsaih dan an thlak danglam a, thil chi hrang hrang hmangin emaw, stove hmang lovin chaw an siam emaw pawh a ni thei.

Engtin nge he antibiotic resistance hian hna a thawh?

Antibiotic resistance avanga damdawi pakhatin hna a thawh loh theih chhan lian tak tak a awm thei:

• Damdawi hian cell chhunga hrik lut chu a titawp a, kawngkhar khar ang maiin a titawp a ni.
• Damdawi hrik chhunga lut chu an nawr chhuak leh thin.
• Damdawi chu a danglam emaw, a tichhia emaw.
• He natna hrik tak tak thenkhat an thlak danglam avangin damdawi hian a target thei lo.
• Damdawi nena inzawmna nei lo, kawng thara nun dan emaw, pian thar dan emaw an zawng chhuak thin.

Antibiotic resistance chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Antibiotic resistance hi chi hnih ah then theih a ni a, chungte chu intrinsic resistance leh extrinsic/acquired resistance te an ni . "Drug resistance" kan sawi tlangpui hian he acquired resistance hi kan sawina a ni.

• Intrinsic resistance: Hei hian natna hrik thenkhatin damdawi thenkhat do theihna pianpui an nei tihna a ni. Chu hrik pianphung a ni. Entirnan, bacteria chi thenkhat chuan cell wall chak tak tak an nei a, antibiotics thenkhatin an lut thei lo.
• Acquired resistance (Extrinsic resistance): Hei hi a hnua bacterium pakhatin a inthlak danglam a, a hmaa damdawi hnathawk tawh laka a do theih loh hun a ni. Bacterium hian a kai chuan heng inthlak danglamna te hi a thlahte hnenah a kai darh thin. Tin, bacteria thenkhat chuan heng inthlak danglamna te hi an hnaih ber bacteria dangte hnenah an pe chhuak thei bawk. Hei hi (horizontal gene transfer) an ti a.

Antibiotic resistance entirnan thenkhat

Antibiotic laka invenna entirnan thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Antibiotics laka invenna bacteria: Entirnan, bacteria te chu (MRSA - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), (CREs - Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales), leh (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) te hi a ni.
• Fungi antifungals do thei: Entirna atan (Candida auris) leh (Aspergillus fumigatus) te hi an ni.
• Virus antiviral damdawi laka invenna: Entirna atan HIV, influenza, leh Hepatitis C virus chi thenkhat te hi a ni.
• Antiparasitic damdawi laka inveng thei parasite: Entirnan, malaria, leishmaniasis, leh trypanosomiasis thlentu parasite chi thenkhat.

Mahse hei hi hre reng ang che. He list-a natna i neih vang mai mai hian damdawi laka invenna (drug-resistant infection) a ni tihna a ni lo. Heng natna hrik chi hrang hrang damdawi laka inven theih an awm a, chutiang chi pangngai lo pawh an awm bawk.

Antibiotic resistance awm chhan ber chu eng nge ni?

Germs hian damdawi laka invenna hi chhan pakhat vang ni lovin, chhan tam tak vang a ni. A châng chuan, an pianphungah an inthlâk a, chu chuan thil nung dangte nên an awm dun thei a ni. A dang erawh chuan ruihhlo laka invenna tur defence mechanism an siam chhuak thin. Hriselna a darh chuan heng damdawi do theihna tura puitu inthlak danglamna te hi an thlah tharte hnenah an hlan chhawng thin.

He antibiotic resistance hi damdawi in leh healthcare facility-ah a na ber fo thin. Chu hmunah chuan damdawi chi hrang hrang hman a nih fo avangin a bik takin bacteria te chu chu damdawi lakah chuan an do thei ta a ni. Hei hi ven harsa tak a ni.

Tin, loneih lama antibiotics hman (e.g. thlaiah fungicides theh, rannungte hnena antibiotics pek) hi he resistance lo awm chhan lian tak a ni.

Engtin nge he antibiotic resistance hi kan ven theih ang?

Hetiang antibiotic laka invenna tur hian doctor leh nurse te pawhin healthcare provider te pawhin an zawm tur kaihhruaina bik a awm a ni. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• I kut chu uluk takin silfai fo ang che.
• Disinfecting surface te pawh a awm bawk.
• Bacteria infection tan chauh antibiotics pek ( antibiotics hi virus infection tan a tangkai lo, entirnan, common cold).
• Damdawi hmanrua te uluk taka sterilization.
• Damlo leh damdawi ina tlawhtute chu resistant germ darh nia rinhlelhna a awm chuan screening neih.
• Resistant infection nei te chu midangte hnena an darh loh nan quarantine/Isolate.

Doctor leh damdawi ina thawktute hian heng thilte hi an tih lai hian, hei pawh hi i puih theih tur thil tam tak a awm.

I tih theih thilte chu:

• I doctor-in damdawi a pek zawng zawng, a pek ang chiah chiah leh a hun takah ei vek tur a ni.
• A bik takin antibiotics i ei hunah , doctor-in a pek enkawlna tur zawng zawng chu zo vek ngei ang che.Ni hnih emaw ni thum emaw hnuah i dam leh a nih pawhin damdawi ei kha bansan suh. Chutianga i tih chuan hrik thi kim lote chu an chak leh thei a, damdawi laka invenna an nei thei bawk.
• Antibiotics hi i mamawh tak tak loh chuan ei suh. Thluak lam natna tam zawk, khawsik leh flu ang chi hi virus vang a ni. Antibiotics hian a tidam lo. Chuvangin i doctor chu antibiotics pe turin nawr luih suh .
• Midang damdawi hmang suh. I thianpa damdawi pek chu i tan a thawk lo mai thei.
• Sahbawn leh tui hmangin i kut uluk takin sil thin ang che. Hei hi natna tam tak laka invenna atana pui thei thil awlsam ber pakhat a ni.

Engtin nge antibiotic resistance i test thin?

Damdawi ei lova infection i neih chuan i doctor chuan resistant infection i nei niin a ngai mai thei. Chumi hnuah chuan damdawi chi hrang hrang chu natna thlentu hrik lakah an test mai thei. (Hei hi i thisen emaw taksa tui dang emaw sample lak hmanga tih a ni.) Hei hian i natna hrik kai theihna tur damdawi an hmuh theih nan a pui thei a ni. Mahse heng test te hian a chang chuan hun a duh rei thei hle.

Antibiotic-resistant germ avanga natna hrik kai chu engtin nge i enkawl?

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria hi a hlauhawm em em a, a chhan chu enkawl harsa tak a nih vang a ni. Doctor-te chuan natna thlentu bacteria bikte do thei damdawi zawng chhuah an tum a. A châng chuan damdawi chi hrang hrang ei a ngai mai thei . Entirnan, antibiotics chi hrang hrang ei dun.

Tute nge antibiotic-resistant infection vei theihna chance sang zawk?

Resistant infection i vei theihna chance a sang zawk thei a, chu chu:

• I taksaah catheter, thawkna tube emaw feeding tube emaw dah luh i neih chuan heng hmang hian natna hrik te chu awlsam takin i taksaah a lut thei a ni.
• Antibiotics i ei rei tawh a nih chuan, a nih loh leh i hman fo chuan. Hun rei tak antibiotics ei hian bacteria te hian resistance an neih theihna chance a tipung a ni. Hei hian i taksaa bacteria "tha" (thawk lo) te chu a that thei a, natna hrik dangte chu thunun theih lohvin a lo thang lian thei a, natna hrik a thlen thei bawk.
• Medical condition hnuaia awm avanga immune system chak lo i neih chuan. Entirnan, HIV hrik kai, thisen cancer, zunthlum vei i neih chuan, emaw, taksa peng dang thlak emaw, stem cell thlak emaw i neih chuan. Heng dinhmun hnuaiah hian i taksa hian natna hrik dona kawngah harsatna a tawk nasa zawk a ni.
• Damdawi inah rei tak i awm emaw, hun rei tak enkawlna hmunah emaw i awm a nih chuan.Healthcare setting-ah hian natna hrik hian awlsam takin resistance a nei thei a ni.

A tawp berah chuan ka sawi tur chu...

Doctor leh scientist-te chuan antibiotic resistance buaina chinfel dan tur zawngin hahdam takin an thawk mek a ni. Mahse, kan chanvo kan hlen chhuak thei vek a ni. A pawimawh ber chu i damdawi ei tur chu i doctor-in a tih ang chiah kha a ni a, i mamawh tak tak hunah chauh ei tur a ni a, a bik takin antibiotics . Immune system chak lo nei emaw, damdawi in emaw, hun rei tak enkawlna hmuna awm emaw i enkawl a nih chuan fimkhur zual rawh. Kut sil ang chi thil tenawm tak tak pawhin danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei tih hre reng ang che. He harsatna hi do turin i thawk ho vek ang u.

` Antibiotic laka invenna, Antimicrobial Resistance, hrik, bacteria, virus, fungi, damdawi, natna hrik, superbugs