I heart arteries-ah calcium deposit i nei em? (Coronary Artery-a Calcification) tih a ni.

I thinlung thlenga thisen phurtu thisen kalna kawng lian ber ber chhungah calcium deposit te te te a lo awm thei em tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Hun kal zelah tui pipe-a limescale ang mai a ni. Hei hi damdawi lam chuan coronary artery calcification (CAC) kan tih chu a ni. A châng chuan, hei hi hmuh theiha chhinchhiahna awm lovin a thleng thei a ni. Mahse hei hi hriat chian hi i thinlung hriselna atan a pawimawh hle.

Coronary Artery Calcification tih hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, hei hi i thinlunga thisen petu thisen kalna kawng lian pahnih, coronary arteries tia koh, bang chhunga calcium a lo punkhawm hun a ni. Hei hi zan khat thil thuah a thleng lo. I thisen kalna kawng chhunga calcium a lo awm theih nan kum nga vel a ngai tlangpui a, chu chu plaque ( atherosclerosis an tih) i neih hun engemaw chen hnuah a ni. Pipe-a bawlhhlawh leh bawlhhlawh awmkhawm ang maiin ngaihtuah la, chutah chuan chu buildup chu a thim zual sauh sauh a ni.

Heng arteries a calcium awm hi coronary artery disease chhinchhiahna pawimawh tak a ni . Hei hian i doctor chuan thinlung natna i neih theihna tur a zirchiang thei a ni.

Heng thau awmte hi thisen kalna kawng chhungah a lo awm khawm chuan thisen kalna a ti tlem a ni. I hria em, coronary arteries hian heart muscle chu oxygen tamna thisen a supply a ni. Chuvângin, heng thisen kalna kawngte zînga thisen kal chu tihkhawtlai a nih chuan, i rilru natna (angina) , a pawi zâwk chu, heart attack , i nei thei a ni.

Calcium deposit hi chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu:

Doctor-te chuan hei hi kawng lian pahnihin an hmu a, chu chu artery wall-a calcium layer awm dan azirin a ni:

1. Intimal deposition: Hei hi artery wall chhungril ber ah a thleng thin. Hetiang chi hi coronary arteries-ah hmuh tur a tam ber.

2. Medial deposition: Hei hi arterial wall layer lai takah a thleng thin.

Arteries-a calcium awm zat leh atherosclerosis hi eng nge inzawmna?

An pahnih inkarah hian inzawmna lian tak a awm. I artery-a calcium awm zat hian atherosclerosis i neih zat hriat theihna a pe thei che a, chu chu i arteries-a thau awm zat a ni. Atherosclerosis chu i thisen kalna kawng chhungah thau (fatty deposit) a lo awm a, chu chuan a ti tawi a ni. Thisen kal tha tur a ti harsa zawk a ni. Calcium hian he natna hi a ti na zual thei a ni.

He dinhmun hian tute nge a nghawng ber?

Coronary heart disease vei te hian heng arteries-ah hian calcium deposit an hmu tlangpui.

• Kum upa lam nen:Kum 70 chunglam kan en chuan mipa 90% aia tam leh hmeichhia 67% chuan he natna hi an nei a ni. Menopause hma hian hmeichhiate hi hormone estrogen avanga hetiang (atherosclerosis) vei theihna lakah hian eng emaw chen chu an him a ni. Chuvangin hmeichhiate hian mipa aiin kum 10-15 vel hnuah he natna hi an nei thin.
• Hnam/Hnam: Zirna thenkhatah chuan hnam dang aiin mipa hringte hian he natna hi an vei tam zawk tih hmuhchhuah a ni.
• Mipa tan: Mipa hian hetiang (Coronary Artery Calcification) hi an vei theihna a sang zawk.

Risk factors te chu engte nge ni? (Heng thilte hi i neih chuan hlauhawmah i awm thei bawk)

Mi thenkhat chuan he natna hi an nei tam zawk. Heng risk factors te hi i nei em tih en rawh:

• Chronic kidney disease i neih chuan .
• Thisen sugar lama harsatna i neih chuan Diabetes Mellitus ang chi .
• Cholesterol tha lo (LDL - Low-Density Lipoprotein) level a san a, cholesterol tha (HDL - High-Density Lipoprotein) level a hniam chuan.
• BMI (Body Mass Index) value, chu chu body mass index sang (obesity) a nih chuan a ni.
• I chhungkaw zinga mi pakhatin coronary arteries-a calcium awm tawh (hereditary predisposition) a neih chuan.
• Thisen sang i neih chuan .
• Meizial zu emaw, zuk leh hmuam dang hman tawh emaw i neih chuan.
• Kum upat chhoh zel nen.
• Parathyroid hormone ah thil dik lo a awm chuan .
• Thisenah phosphate level a sang a nih chuan.
• Thisen a calcium level a san chuan.

Hei hian taksaah eng nge a tih? Engtin nge a nghawng?

I coronary arteries-ah calcium a lo punkhawm chuan a ti nghet lo . Hei hian contract leh expand dik tak an neih theihna a ti tlem a ni. Hei hian thinlung natna i vei theihna a tipung a ni .

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, he calcium buildup hian i thinlung ruh thlenga thisen a tihtlem phah a ni. Motor pakhat, non-stop-a thawk ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh. A thisen supply a hloh chuan harsatna a nei dawn a ni lawm ni?

Thil dang chu, thisen kalna kawnga calcium awm a nih chuan doctor-te tan chuan enkawlna thenkhat, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) , emaw kan hriat vek angin Angioplasty tih te hi tih a harsa thin a, a chhan chu heng calcium deposit te hian thisen kalna chhunga stent dah dikna tur a tibuai thei a ni.

Eng nge a lan chhuah dan?

A tam zawkah chuan he natna (Coronary Artery Calcification) nei te hian symptoms an nei lo . Chu chu thil hlauhawm ber a ni. Mahse hun kal zelah he natna hi a zual zel chuan symptom thenkhat a lang thei. Anni chu:

• Stable Angina: Hei hi exercise lai emaw, stairs chhoh lai emawa rilru natna emaw, rilru hahna emaw a ni tlangpui. Chawlh hahdamna nen a reh thin.
• Thâwk a tawi.
• Lung natna a ni.

Pawimawh: Heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan doctor thurawn lak ngei ngei tur a ni.

Engvangin nge hetiang hi a lo awm? A chhan engte nge ni?

A tlangpuiin kum 40 kan tlin hnuah kan thisenah calcium hi taksa peng hrang hrangah a pung tan thei a. A bik takin, thisen kalna kawng (arteries) chhia, inflamed emaw, siamthat mek emaw te hi heng calcium awm zat hi a hlauhawm ber a ni.

This process can actually start as early as your 20s , mahse doctor chuan imaging test-a hmuh theih tur khawpa lian a nih chauhvin a hmu thin. Tin, kum 20 leh 30 inkar mi tam tak chuan heng test te hi an ti fo lo.

Calcium deposit hi particle te tak te (0.5μm - micrometers) atanga tan a ni. Hun a kal zel a, thau a pun zel chuan heng calcium deposit te hi millimeter 3 aia lianin a lian thei a ni. Zirchiangtute chuan artery wall intimal layer-a heng calcium deposit te te (microcalcification) te hi smooth muscle cells thihna atanga intan niin an ngai.

Engtin nge hei hi i hmuh? Eng ang test nge tih thin?

Hetiang dinhmun (Coronary Atherosclerosis), chu chu thisen kalna kawnga thau awmte, a nasat hmaa hriat theihna tur special imaging test a awm a. Chung zinga pawimawh ber pakhat chu (Computed Tomography - CT) scan, emaw (Multidetector Computed Tomography - MDCT) tih hi a ni.

Cardiac CT scan hmangin i coronary arteries-a calcium awm zat chiang takin a lang thei. Hei hi coronary artery calcium (CAC) test an ti a ni. A zawn ber chu:

• Calcium engzat nge a awm?
• Chu deposit te chu engzat nge an density ?
• Engtiang chiahin nge an lian?

He information hmang hian i doctor chuan Agatston score tih value a chhut a. He score hi 0 atanga 400 emaw a aia sang emaw pawh a ni thei. Score a san chuan kum 10 chhunga heart attack emaw stroke emaw i neih theihna a sang zawk.

Doctor-te chuan he (CAC) test hian nakin lawka cardiovascular risk chu dik takin a hrilhfiah thei tih an hmuchhuak. Mahse, he test hi i pocket atanga i pek a ngai mai thei.

CAC score (Agatston Score) hian eng nge a awmzia?

Chutiang chhinchhiahnate chu hetiang hian an hrilhfiah tlangpui a ni:

• Score 0: Damdawi lam harsatna a awm lo.
• Score 1 atanga 99: Natna na lo tak.
• Score 100 atanga 399 thleng: Natna level hniam tak.
• 400 aia sang score: Natna na tak.

He (CAC) test bakah hian i coronary arteries-a calcium awm leh awm loh enfiah thei, less invasive test dang pawh a awm a:

• Cardiac Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS): Hei hian ultrasound device hmangin a tawp lamah catheter (thin tube) dahin thisen kalna kawng chhung chu a en thei a ni. Results hi Class I atanga Class IV thlenga grade a ni a, Class IV hian calcium deposit nasat ber a ni.
• Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT): Hei hian i thisen kalna kawng (arteries)-a calcium awm zat leh a thuk zia a entir a. Near-infrared light hmangin thisen kalna kawng chhung lam thlalak a siam thin.

Hei hi eng enkawlna nge ni?

Doctor-te chuan coronary artery calcification hi standard treatment an la nei lo. Mahse, natna khirh takah chuan doctor ṭhenkhat chuan intravascular lithotripsy tih chu enkawlna thar an hmang a ni. Hei hian catheter kaltlangin device pakhat chu artery chhungah pass a, chu chu pressure wave pe chhuakin artery wall-a calcium awmte chu a tichhia a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan thisen kalna kawng hawn reng turin stent dah theih a ni.

Arteries-a thisen kal dan tihchangtlunna atana hmanraw dang thenkhat chu:

• Rotational, orbital emaw laser atherectomy: Hei hian artery chhunga thau awm (plaque) leh calcium te chu cut chhuakin lakchhuah a ni.
• Cutting, scoring emaw high-pressure balloon angioplasty: Hei hian balloon inflating a, thau awmte leh calcium te chu artery wall-ah nawr tir a ni.

Enkawl laiin harsatna a awm thei em?

Damdawi dang ang bawkin, he enkawlna hmang hian harsatna engemaw zat a awm thei bawk.

Intravascular Lithotripsy hmanga harsatna awm thei:

• Arrhythmia ( thinlung thawk dan pangngai lo) .
• Aneurysm ( thisen kalna kawng bulging emaw chak lo emaw) .
• Thisen chhuahna lama harsatna awm thei
• Thai
• Thihna (a tlem hle) .

Rotational Atherectomy hmanga harsatna awm thei:

• Artery dissection tih a ni
• Lung natna
• Thihna (a tlem hle) .
• Emergency Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) hmanga tihdam theih a ni.

Coronary Angioplasty-a harsatna awm thei te:

• Lung natna
• Thai
• Arrhythmia a awm
• Thisen chhuak
• Thisen a chhuak thin

Heng complication te hi mi zawng zawngah a thleng vek lo a, mahse fimkhur a pawimawh hle. I doctor chuan heng hlauhawmnate hi i tan enkawlna a rawt hunah a hrilhfiah ang che.

Engtin nge he risk hi ka tihziaawm theih ang?

A tha ber chu coronary artery calcification vei theihna tipungtu harsatna te control hi a ni. Chung zingah chuan:

• Zunthlum i neih chuan control tha rawh.
• I cholesterol level a dik lo a nih chuan control la.
• Thisen sang i neih chuan , control rawh.
• If you have kidney disease , a enkawl dan tur dik tak hmu rawh.

Heng bakah hian nunphung hrisel kan zawm a pawimawh hle.

Hetiang dinhmun hi ka neih chuan eng nge thleng ang? Eng nge ka beisei ang?

Coronary Artery Calcification i vei tih hmuhchhuah i nih chuan Coronary Artery Disease leh Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) i vei theihna a sang hle.

Mahse, enkawlna kawng hlawhtlinna rate chungchang sawi dawn chuan Intravascular Lithotripsy hi 92% aia tam a hlawhtling tawh a ni. Chutiang bawkin Rotational Atherectomy pawhin 90% zetin hlawhtlinna a nei tih hmuhchhuah a ni bawk.

Mahse, thisen kalna kawnga calcium awm hian balloon angioplasty ang chi enkawlna a hlawhchham theihna a tipung a ni. Artery chhungah stent dah dik a harsa thei bawk.

Engtin nge ka in enkawl ang? Engtin nge ka tih ang?

Coronary artery calcification i neih chuan thinlung hrisel nunphung zawm a pawimawh. Chumi awmzia chu:

• Chaw thau tlem ei tur (oil, fried foods, leh fast foods te chu a theih ang anga tihtlem thin ang che).
• Zuk leh hmuam (cigarette, beedis, etc.) hman hi bansan vek rawh.
• Exercise neih fo (ni khatah minute 30 tal kea kal ang chi).
• I thisen sang leh cholesterol level chu normal takin vawng la (Doctor-in a tih angin damdawi ei la, i ei leh in control rawh).

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

Thisen sang leh/ emaw cholesterol sang i neih chuan chutiang dinhmunte chu uluk taka control theih a nih theih nan doctor pan fo ang che .I cardiovascular health tihchangtlunna tur ruahmanna i mamawh a nih chuan doctor nen inhmuhkhawmin sawipui a tha.

Engtikah nge damdawi inah hmanhmawh taka ka kal ang (ETU) ?

Heart attack symptoms i neih chuan, i rilru natna nasa tak, luak chhuak leh luak chhuak, leh thawk hahna nasa tak i neih chuan 911 call nghal la, damdawi in hnai ber pan rawh Hetiang hun lai hian nunna leh thihna inthlauhna chu hun hi a ni thei.

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

Doctor hmu tura i kal hian heng zawhnate hi zawh a \angkai hle ang:

• Coronary artery calcification test ka mamawh em?
• Ka natna (Coronary Artery Calcification) hi engtiang chiahin nge a nasat?
• Ka dinhmun hi eng enkawlna nge i rawt?
• He enkawlna hian eng hlauhawmna leh hlawkna nge a neih?
• Ka nunphungah eng inthlak danglamna nge ka neih?

A tawi zawngin i hre reng ang u (Take-Home Message) .

I coronary arteries-ah calcium deposit i nei em tih hriat hi i doctor tan chuan i tanpui theihna tur ruahmanna siam a pawimawh hle. I thisen kalna kawng atanga calcium paih chhuah nan enkawlna i mamawh mai thei a, a nih loh leh i nunphungah thinlung hriselna atana tha thil engemaw zat i dah tel mai mai a ngai mai thei bawk. Cardiovascular problem nei lo mah la, thau tlem ei te, exercise lak te, zuk leh hmuam atanga inthiarfihlim te hian hriselna a tichak thei a ni. Thinlung hrisel hi nun hrisel neihna kawngkhar a ni tih hre reng ang che!