Diphtheria chu eng nge ni? Hlauh tur natna a ni em?

I fain khawsik a nei tih kan hriat hian khawsik emaw tonsillitis emaw ang chi hi kan ngaihtuah thin a ni lawm ni? Mahse, a châng chuan, chutiang chhinchhiahna awlsam tak hnuaiah chuan thil pawi zâwk a awm thei a ni. Vawiin hian chutiang natna chungchang kan sawi dawn a, tunah chuan kan rama vaccination programme hrang hrang avang hian a hluar lo hle a, mahse a chungchang hriat a pawimawh hle. Hei hi diphtheria, a nih loh leh diphtheria a ni. He hming hi i hre tawh mai thei, mahse eng ang natna nge a nih leh engvangin nge kan hlauh tur tih chiang takin kan hre lo mai thei. Vawiin hian thumal awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni.

A awlsam zawngin, diphtheria chu eng nge ni?

Diphtheria hi natna hrik kai theih a ni. Corynebacterium diphtheriae an tih bacterium atanga lo chhuak a ni . He bacteria hi kan taksaa a luh hian kan hnar leh kan hnar a nghawng ber a ni.

Ngaihtuah teh, he bacteria hi kan rilru bangteah a innghat a, chutah chuan a thu a, rulhut hlauhawm tak, toxin . He rimtui hian kawr chhunga cell awmte chu a tithi ta a ni. Hun engemaw chen hnuah chuan heng cell thi te, bacteria leh thil dangte hi an pung khawm a, kawchhung chhungah film thuk tak, sen hring (thick, gray film) an siam ta a ni. Mi pakhatin a rilru chhungah plaster thuk tak a thun ang mai a ni. Hei hi he natna chhinchhiahna hlauhawm ber a ni. He film dum hian ei harsa a ti a, thawk pawh a titawp vek thei bawk .

He poison hian kawr chauh a nghawng lo. Thisenah lutin taksa peng dang, a bik takin thinlung, nervous system, leh kal (kidney) te a tichhe thei bawk.

Sri Lanka-a kan tan chuan vanneihthlak takin tunah chuan naupang pian tirh atanga vaccine pek dan hrang hrang avang hian he natna hi a tlem hle a ni. Amaherawhchu khawvel hmun thenkhatah, a bik takin vaccine pek tam lohna ramah chuan he natna hi a la hluar reng a ni. Hei hi kan hriat chian a pawimawh hle a ni.

Lung veneer chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Gallbladder hi chi hnih ah then theih a ni. Taksa an nghawng dan azirin an thliar hrang a ni. Hei hi chiang taka hrethiam tur chuan a hnuaia table hi en la.

He natna lan chhuah dan dik tak chu engte nge ni?

Gallbladder a kai chuan a natna lan chhuah nan ni hnih atanga ni nga vel a ngai tlangpui. Mahse, a châng chuan ni khat emaw, ni sâwm emaw pawh a la ngai thei. Mi thenkhat chuan symptom an nei lo mai thei a, mahse midang hnenah natna hi an la thehdarh thei tho. Chu chu dinhmun hlauhawm tak a ni.

A lan chhuah dan ber chu eng nge ni tih chiang takin i lo en ang u.

He natna hi engtin nge mi pakhat atanga mi dangah a kai theih?

Tuna kan hriat chian em em coronavirus nen hian sputum infection hi a inang viau a, mahse hei hi chu bacterium atanga lo chhuak a ni. A inkaichhawn theih dan tlangpui pathum a awm.

• Thluak tui (respiratory droplets) hmangin: He bacteria hi hri kai chuan a khuh, a thawk a, a tawng a, a ka leh a hnar atanga a chhuak te te teah a awm thei a ni. Chu boruak chu mi hrisel takin a thawk a nih chuan an kai thei a ni.
• Thil bawlhhlawh khawih hian: Bacteria hi natna vei miin a hman tawh, plate, cup, infiamna leh kawngkhar khar ang chi thilah te hmuh tur a awm thei. Mi hrisel chuan chu thilte chu a khawih a, chumi hnua an hnar, an hmui emaw, an mit emaw chu kut khata a khawih chuan natna chu a kai thei a ni.
• Hliam hrik kai khawih hmangin: Mi hrisel takin mi pakhat vun tag neia hliam inhawng a khawih chuan bacteria chu taksaah pawh a lut thei bawk.

Thil pawimawh tak pakhat chu vaccine hi a dik loh chuan mi pakhatin vawi khat aia tam shingles a vei thei tih hi a ni . Hei hian vawi khat shingles atanga dam leh hian dam chhung venhimna a pe lo tihna a ni.

Tute nge gallstones vei theihna chance sang zawk?

Gallstone leh a thlen theih harsatna lian tham tak tak vei theihna chance sang zawk pawl engemaw zat an awm.

• Tetanus vaccine emaw a booster dose emaw la lote: Hei hi risk factor ber leh sang ber a ni. Vaccine-in venhimna a pek chu a awm loh avangin bacteria hian awlsam takin taksa a tichhe thei a ni.
• Immune system chak lote: He natna hi taksa chak lohna nei, HIV vei te, cancer vei te, taksa peng dang thlaktu te tan a na zual thei a ni.
• Naupang kum 5 hnuai lam leh puitling kum 40 chunglam.
• Mipui tamna hmuna awm emaw hnathawk emaw:Entirnan, refugee camp leh dormitory ang chi hmuna chengte chu awlsam takin he natna hi an kai thei a ni.
• Mit (cataract) la hluarna ram hrang hranga zin mite.

Thil hlauhawm ber - eng harsatna nge awm thei?

A rang leh dik taka enkawl loh chuan strep throat hian harsatna lian tak, nunna atana hlauhawm tak a thlen thei a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu bacteria siam toxins te chu thisen kaltlangin taksa peng pawimawh tak tak te a tichhia a ni.

• Tracheal obstruction: Thlalak chhunga film dum lo lo awm hian thawkna kawng a tikhawlo vek thei a, thawk hahna avanga thihna pawh a thlen thei bawk.
• Heart muscle chhiatna (Myocarditis): He rimtui hian thinlung a nghawng thei a, heartbeat rhythm a tibuai a, heart muscle a tichak lo a, heart failure hial a thlen thei bawk.
• Neuropathy: He toxin hian nervous system a tichhe thei a, ei harsa leh paralysis ang chi dinhmun a thlen thei a ni.
• Kidney failure: Kal a chhe thei a, taksa atanga bawlhhlawh filter a chawlhsan thei.

Heng harsatnate hian measles hi natna hlauhawm takah a siam a, zirchianna thenkhatah chuan vaccine la lo leh enkawl loh zinga 30% vel chu he natna vang hian an thi tih an hmuchhuak. Hetiang hlauhawmna hi naupang tê têah chuan a sang zawk a ni.

He natna hi engtin nge doctor hian a hriat theih ang?

Doctor chuan i symptoms leh laboratory test a zirin gallbladder natna a hmuchhuak thin.

1. Natna lan chhuah dan enfiah: Doctor chuan i kawr chu uluk takin a enfiah hmasa ang. A bik takin, a thick, grayish coating chu an enfiah ang . Glands hring leh khawsik te pawh an enfiah ang.

2. Laboratory test: Natna finfiah nan i doctor chuan swab hmangin i kawr hnunglam atanga tui tlem te emaw, i vun natna atanga tui tlem te chu a la khawm ang. Chumi hnuah sample chu lab-ah thawn a ni ang a, streptococcal bacteria a awm leh awm loh enfiah a ni ang.

Engtin nge enkawl a nih?

Singles natna enkawlna hi damdawi inah tih a ni. Damlo chu mi dangah natna a darh loh nan room hran (isolation)-ah dah a ni. Enkawl dan tlangpui pahnih a awm a.

1. Diphtheria natna dotu antitoxin: 1.1.Hei hi enkawlna pawimawh ber a ni. Bacteria siam chhuah toxins te chu a neutralize a, thisenah a awm khawm a, a thawk a ni. Phên dangin sawi ila, he vaccine hian taksa pum puia toxin darh tawhte chu taksa peng dang tihchhiat lohna turin a titawp a ni.

2. Antibiotics: Antibiotics hi bacteria that nan pek thin a ni. Hei hian natna a darh zel tur leh damlo atanga midang hnena kai theih lohna tur a titawp a ni.

A tlangpuiin damlo chuan antibiotics a hman tan atanga darkar 48 chhungin midang hnena natna a kai thin chu a titawp thin. Mahse, enkawlna hun pum pui hi kar hnih atanga kar thum vel a ni. Vun natna a dam theih nan thla tam tak a ngai thei. Enkawlna tawp lamah chuan taksa atanga natna hrik te chu a bo vek tawh em tih enfiah nawn leh thin a ni.

Invenna hi a damdawi tha ber - vaccine pek a pawimawhzia a ni

He natna hlauhawm laka invenna kawng tha ber, awlsam ber leh tangkai ber chu vaccine lak hi a ni . Measles vaccine hi a hlawk hle a ni. Dose pathumte hi a dik taka pek vek a nih chuan mi 87% aia tam chu natna kai lo turin a veng thei a ni.

Sri Lanka-a National Immunization Program hnuaiah naupangte chu natna pathum: diphtheria, tetanus leh pertussis laka vengtu combination vaccine pek an ni. I fa hriselna lama hmasawnna record (CHDR) i en chuan heng vaccine pek kumte hi chhinchhiah a ni.

Puitling tan pawh he venhimna hi vawn reng a pawimawh hle. Vaccine hian immunity a pek hi hun kal zelah a tlahniam thei a ni. Chuvangin puitling tan chuan kum 10 danah tal booster dose lak a tha . I vaccine pek dan kimchang i hriat chian loh chuan i chhungkaw doctor hnenah thurawn dil rawh.

Engtik lai pawhin doctor hmuh tur a awm

Doctor pan nghal tur dinhmun engemaw zat a awm a:

• Tetanus vaccine chungchanga zawhna i neih chuan.
• Singles vei mi pakhat i tawk a nih chuan.
• A chunga kan sawi tak symptoms te hi i neih chuan.
• Symptom thar emaw, sawifiah theih loh emaw i neih chuan.

Don't forget: Heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan, a bik takin thawk harsatna i neih chuan , hun khawhral suh la , damdawi in hnai ber Emergency Department (ETU) ah kal rawh. Enkawlna rang tak hian nunna a chhanhim thei a ni.