I fa hian ziak a harsat em? He dysgraphia hi kan sawi dawn em ni?

I fa chu sikul hnathawhnaah naupang dangte aiin a hnufual deuh tih i hre ngai em? Thuziak felfai taka an ziah theih loh te, an ziak huna an slow lutuk te, an ziak duh lo tak tak te ang chi thil i hmuh hian, "He naupang hian a bei nasa tawk lo," i ti mai thei. Mahse, rilru hahna mai a ni ngai lo. Dysgraphia an tih pawh a ni thei bawk.

Dysgraphia chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin i hrethiam ang u!

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, dysgraphia hi thluak lam natna a ni a, mi pakhatin a ngaihtuahna chu thumal hmanga sawi chhuah leh ziak chhuah a harsat phah a ni. Hei hi an kum, an finna, leh zirna an tlakchham vang a ni lo. Dysgraphia hi "zirna danglamna" anga ngaih a ni.

Thuziak hi eng ang taka kalphung nge a buaithlak tih hi han ngaihtuah teh. Kan thluak peng hrang hrang leh theihna hrang hrang inrawlh a ngai a ni.

• Fine motor skills: Hei hian kut zungtang a taksa peng te te hmanga pencil emaw pen emaw chelh theihna, leh kutziak mawi tak hmanga ziak thiamna a kawk a ni.
• Spatial perception: Hei hian letter leh thumal inkar space hriatthiamna a kawk a ni. Line khata ziak dik leh phek khata hmun awm dan tur enkawl thiamna.
• Working memory: Chumi awmzia chu i rilrua thil awmte hriat reng a, i ziah chhuah hma loh chuan theihnghilh loh tur tihna a ni. Hei hian sentence i ziah dawnin ngaihtuahna chu a bul atanga a tawp thlenga inzawm tir turin a pui che a ni.
• Orthographic coding: Hei hi a buaithlak deuhin a lang thei a, mahse, a awmzia chu letter, number leh symbol te pianzia hriat reng theihna leh a tul huna hriatreng theihna tihna mai a ni.
• Ṭawng hman dan: Ṭawng hriatthiamna leh thumal leh sentence siam.
• Conceptualization: I rilru chhunga ngaihtuahna awmte chu ziak chhuah theih tur thila i dahkhawm dan.
• Inbuatsaihna: Thuziak chu mumal tak, awmze nei taka remkhawm.

Heng thil tam tak hi a rawn inzawm khawm a, mawi tak leh chiang takin kan ziak thei a ni. Chuvangin, dysgraphia vei chuan heng zinga pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw hi a harsat phah thei a ni. Chuvangin he natna hi hriat chian a harsa deuh thei bawk.

Dysgraphia hi naupangin ziak an tan tirh hian a lo lang tlangpui. Hei hi developmental dysgraphia an ti a . Tin, a chang chuan hliam thut hnuah a lo awm thei bawk a, chu chu lu hliam ang chi hi a ni. Hei hi acquired dysgraphia an ti a .

He dinhmun hi "specific learning disorder" - a dik zawk chuan "specific learning disorder in written expression" tih category-ah a tla a ni.

Dysgraphia hi dyslexia-ah hian a tel ve em?

No. Dyslexia leh dysgraphia hi neurological condition hrang hrang pahnih a ni. Mahse, symptom thenkhat chu a inang a, a chang chuan condition pahnih hi a awm dun thei a, chuvang chuan miten an pahnih hi an ti buai fo thin.

Dyslexia hi lehkha chhiar lama harsatna a ni. Dyslexia vei chuan lehkha chhiar hun a duh rei zawk a, thumal hriat harsa a ti a, beisei aia hniam zawkin a chhiar thin. Thumalte chu aw-ah ṭhen darh leh hawrawp chu aw nena thlunzawm kawngah harsatna an nei thei bawk.

Dysgraphia hi ziak danah harsatna a awm a. Kutziak lama taksa lama harsatna atanga ngaihtuahna inrualrem leh ziah harsatna thlengin a awm thei.

Dysgraphia hi autism natna a ni em?

Dysgraphia hi Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)-ah hian a tel lo. Mahse, autism vei tam tak chuan dysgraphia an nei bawk. Mahse, autism tel lo chuan dysgraphia neih theih a ni.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) hi neurodevelopmental condition a ni a, a bik takin:

• Khawtlang inbiakpawhna lama inthlak danglamna leh harsatna awmte.
• Khawtlang inpawhna lama harsatna awm.
• Thil tih khap, tih nawn fo thin, duhzawng, emaw thiltih.
• Thil sensitive tak tak a awm.

Symptoms te pawh i hmu thei ang.

He natna hi tuin nge nei thei ang? Engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Dysgraphia hian naupang leh puitling a nghawng thei a ni. Neurodevelopmental condition tam tak ang bawkin dysgraphia hi mipa naupangah a tam deuh hlek a ni.

I chhungkuaa mi pakhatin he natna hi a neih chuan dysgraphia i vei tam zawk. Dysgraphia hi naupang autism spectrum disorder (ASD) leh/ emaw attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) neiah pawh a awm fo bawk.

Dysgraphia hi a awm fo thin. Zirchiangtute chuan mipui 5% leh 20% inkar chuan he natna hi an nei thei niin an chhut. He range a lian em em chhan chu dysgraphia hi natna dang anga hriat sual emaw, hriat sual emaw a nih fo vang a ni.

Engtin nge dysgraphia i vei tih i hriat theih ang? Eng nge a lan chhuah dan?

Dysgraphia vei chuan ziak kawngah harsatna hrang hrang a nei thei a. Mak tak maiin, an thuziak aiin an tawng awlsam zawk a, an thiam zawk mai thei. Thil hrang hrangah harsatna an nei thei a:

• Letter siam thiam loh leh/ emaw chiang taka ziak thiam lohna.
• Font size leh spacing te a awm bawk.
• Spelling tih hi a ni.
• Fine motor coordination a ni.
• Thuziak chakna.
• Grammar lam hawi.
• Phuahkhawm.

Dysgraphia a lan chhuah theih dan chiang tak tak thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Line dik taka ziah harsat.
• Thuziak hmanrua (pencil, pen) dik taka vawn leh control harsa.
• Letter hnunglam hawia ziah (e.g. ‘b’ aiah ‘d’ ziah).
• Letter siam dan hriat reng harsa.
• Letter lian leh letter te hmanna tur hmun hriatthiam theih loh.
• Grammar leh punctuation dik tak hmanga sentence ziah harsat.
• Thumal atanga thumal paih chhuah.
• Thumal pakhata thumal awm dan dik lo taka dah.
• Verb leh pronoun hman dik loh.

Pawimawh: Heng mizia pakhat emaw pahnih emaw neih hian mi pakhatin dysgraphia a nei tihna a ni hauh lo. Amaherawhchu, i fain an kum nena inmil taka ziak tura thiamna bulpui a zir harsat a nih chuan, tanpuina bik a mamawh leh mamawh loh enfiah tir a pawimawh hle.

Eng thilin nge dysgraphia hi a thlen?

Scientist leh neurologist te hian developmental dysgraphia awm chhan dik tak hi an la hre lo. Kan sawi tawh ang khan ziak hi thil buaithlak tak a ni. Kan thluak peng hrang hrang tam tak a huam a ni. Mahse, chhungkaw hrang hrangah he natna hi a kal zel niin a lang a, chuvang chuan genetic link a awm niin a lang.

Engtin nge dysgraphia i vei tih chiang taka i hriat theih ang?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) chuan dysgraphia hi "specific learning disabilities" category hnuaiah a dah a, mahse disorder hran anga sawi a ni lo. Tin, natna hriat theihna tur tehfung chiang tak a pe lo bawk. Hei hian dysgraphia hriat a harsa hle a—mahse, thil theih loh a ni lo.

Dyslexia ang bawkin, i fain dysgraphia a tehnaah a hnuaia mite hi uluk takin a ngaihtuah ang:

• Naupangin a zirlai chakna leh chak lohna te.
• Zirna lama chanchin.
• Thuziak harsatzia.
• Thuziak harsatnate chu engte nge ni?
• Target remediation leh support hian naupang zirna dinhmun a nghawng dan.

Doctor-te chuan dysgraphia a awm leh awm loh chu medical diagnosis an pe thei a ni. Hei hian specialist team a mamawh thei a, chungte chu:

• Occupational therapist te an ni
• Taksa lam thiamte
• Thusawi thiamte
• Neuropsychologist te chuan an zirtir a

I fate sikul chuan early intervention emaw special education program emaw atana tlin theihna tur tehfung hrang hrang a hmang thei a ni.

Engtikah nge naupang chu dysgraphia test tur?

Zirna inthlauhna test hmasak hi a tha ber tlangpui. Dysgraphia hi a hmaa hriat chhuah a nih chuan i fa chuan ziak dan thar a zir thuai thei a ni. Dysgraphia hian naupang a nghawng dan azirin, he natna lan chhuah dan hi kum 5 emaw, kum naupang emaw pawhin a lang thei a ni.

Kan kum upat deuh deuh chuan sikul-a thuziak kan tam chhoh zel avangin dysgraphia hi a hma thei ang bera hriat chian a pawimawh hle. Diagnosis leh tanpuina hmuh hi a tlai ngai lo tih hriat reng a pawimawh bawk.

I fate sikul chuan zirna lama harsatna neite chu zirna lama rilru lam thiam (certified educational psychologist)-in evaluation neihpui turin a rawt thei ang. I thlen theih tur mi zawng turin school administration hnenah tanpuina dil rawh.

Dysgraphia hriat theihna atan eng test nge hman thin?

Dysgraphia hriat theihna tur hian medical test bik a ngai lo va, tunah pawh hian a awm lo. Chu ai chuan doctor-te chuan i fate lehkha ziak harsatna uluk taka an zirchian hnuah diagnosis an siam zawk thin. Educational specialist-te pawhin special programme-a tel theihna tur assessment an nei bawk.

Doctor-te chuan diagnostic process-ah hian hetiang ang assessment leh test hi an hmang thei ang:

• Formalized handwriting assessments: Heng test te hian i fate ziak chakna leh chiang zawk tehna atan a pui thin.
• Beery Developmental Test of Visuomotor Integration (VMI): He test hian naupangin ziakna atana a mamawh hmuh (mit) leh motor (taksa inher) thiamna a inzawmkhawm theih dan tehna atan a pui a ni.

Heng test-te hian dysgraphia lam hawi zawng zawng a zirchian loh avangin, i fate zirna team chuan dysgraphia hriat theihna tur kawng dang an rinchhan fo ang. I fa leh an zirlai danglamna a zirin zirchianna thuk zawk neih theih a ni.

Dysgraphia hi engtin nge kan enkawl ang?

Dysgraphia hian symptom hrang hrang a neih avangin leh mi tin a nghawng dan a inang lo a, dysgraphia enkawl dan hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo hle.

Tunah hian dysgraphia enkawlna tur damdawi a awm lo. Chu ai chuan zirna lama inrawlhnate hian ziak dan \ha, thar a zirtir thei zawk a ni.

A tlangpuiin, zirna lama hmalaknate hi heng level-ah hian then theih a ni:

• Accommodation: Hei hi i fate’n curriculum chhunga thu awmte tihdanglam ngai lovin core curriculum a hman theihna tur service a ni . A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, i fate’n curriculum thlak danglam lovin an zir theihna tura puitu service a ni. Entirnan, i fate chu ziak turin hun tam zawk pek emaw, ziak ai chuan computer hman emaw.
• Modification: I fate sikul chuan naupang thil tum leh thil tumte chu a siam danglam ang a, dysgraphia-in a nghawng tihziaawmna turin service a pe bawk ang. Entîr nân, i fate chu test-naah ziaka chhânna ai chuan ṭawngkam hmanga zawhna chhân phalsak.
• Remediation: I fate sikul chuan an dysgraphia nasatzia tihziaawmna turin intervention bik a pe ang. Hei hian an ziak thiamna tihpun nan exercise leh activity bik hman a huam a ni.

I fain a phu tawk zirna a hmuh theih nan i fate tana thurawn pe a, sikul nena thawhhona tha tak neih a pawimawh hle.

Dysgraphia hi ven theih a ni em?

Vanduaithlak takin dysgraphia hi ven theih a ni lo. Mahse, ziak dan hrang hrang zawngin a enkawl theih a ni.

A hmaa hriat chian a pawimawh – i fain dysgraphia a lan tirh a nih chuan i fa doctor nen inbia ang che. I fa chu dysgraphia a vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan, school nen thawk ho la, Individualized Education Plan (IEP) siam rawh.

Dysgraphia hi eng nge a hmalam hun?

Dysgraphia hi hmuhchhuah a nih loh chuan naupangte tan sikul hlawhtlinna a harsa thei hle. Thuziak hi zirna lama thiamna pawimawh tak a ni a, zirna lama hlawhtlinna zawng zawng nen a inzawm tlat a ni.

Naupang ziak lama harsatna nei te hi zirlai lama harsatna nei anga hriat ai chuan "messy" emaw "lazy" emaw tia vuah an ni fo thin. Chumi avang chuan naupang dysgraphia vei chuan mahni inngaihsakna (self-esteem issues) a nei thei a, a fing lo hle niin a inhria thei bawk. Hmangaihte leh zirtîrtute hnên aṭanga ṭanpuina ṭha tak chuan naupang chu heng harsatnate hneh tûrin a ṭanpui thei a ni.

Dysgraphia natna vei hi eng nge a awmzia?

Dysgraphia neih hian ziak harsatna i nei tihna mai a ni lo va, nangmah tihna a niI thiam loh vang emaw, i rilru hah vang emaw a ni lo. Dysgraphia enkawl dan tur zawn hi hlawhtlinna zir tur leh mahni inngaihsakna vawng reng tur chuan a pawimawh hle. Dysgraphia neih hian finna tlakchhamna a tilang lo tih hrethiam rawh.

Naupang dysgraphia vei chu engtin nge kan tanpui theih ang?

I fa tan advocate rawh. Nang leh i fate sikul chuan Individualized Education Plan (IEP) siam turin in thawk ho thei ang. He document hian sikul-a i fate tana i duh ang anga i beisei tur leh zirlai ruahmannate a tarlang a ni.

Tin, in lama i fate ziak thiamna tihpunna kawngah i pui thei bawk.

• Thuziak awlsam zawkna hmanrua, pencil grip ang chi hman tum ang che.
• Kutziak thiamna atana pui thei app emaw software emaw zawng rawh.
• Assignment ziah kawngah tanpui turin graphic organizer hmang rawh.

Nangmah emaw, i fa zirtirtu emaw chuan i fain dysgraphia ang chi zirlai harsatna a nei nia i rinhlelh chuan tanpuina i dawng thei ang. Dysgraphia hi thluak lam natna a ni a, enkawl theih a ni. I fate doctor, zirtirtu, a nih loh leh school administrator nen inbiakna nei la, i fate ziak thiamna tihchangtlunna tura puih theih dan tur zawng rawh.

Kan hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte (Take-Home Message) .

• Dysgraphia hi dinhmun tak tak a ni a, boredom emaw, ngaihven lohna emaw a ni lo. Naupang hian tumruh takin ziak a duh lo tihna a ni lo va, an tan chuan harsatna tak tak a nih vang chauh a ni.
• Hriat hmasak leh tanpui hi a pawimawh hle. Naupangin a mamawh puihna a hmuh hma chuan he dinhmun hi hlawhtling takin a zir thei ang.
• Hei hi naupang finna nen a inzawm lo. Naupang dysgraphia vei te hi an fing thei hle. Thuziak lamah harsatna an nei mai mai a ni.
• I fa hian i hmangaihna, i thlawpna leh i hriatthiamna a mamawh a ni. Anmahni fuih leh an thawhrimna ngaihhlutna chuan mahni inrintawkna siamna kawngah kawng thui tak a zawh ang.
• Mithiam puihna zawng rawh. I fate tana tha tur method leh exercise te chu occupational therapist leh educational specialist te ang mi te hnen atangin i zir thei ang.
• School nen thawhhona tha tak nei rawh. Naupang chu `IEP` hmangin sikulah a tul ang ang leh tanpuina pe rawh.

Dysgraphia hi dinhmun harsa tak ni mah se, puihna leh hmanraw dik tak a awm chuan naupang chuan hmalam hun hlawhtling tak a nei thei a ni. A pawimawh ber chu naupangin an tan i awm tih a hriat hi a ni.

` Dysgraphia, ziak harsatna, zirna lama harsatna nei, naupang zirna, neurodevelopment, kutziak, zirna lama puihna