Kan taksa hmun tinah hian he ‘epithelium’ hi eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin i hrethiam ang u!

Kan vun hian engtin nge min venhim tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? A nih loh leh kan ei leh in atanga nutrients kan lakluh dan te, emaw, kan thawk chhuah hian kan taksa atanga leivut ang chi thil kan chhuah loh dan te? Vawiina kan sawi tur he tissue bik hi heng zawng zawng nen hian a inzawm tlat a ni. A hming chu epithelium an ti a . He thu hi doctor hnen atangin i hre tawh mai thei. Chuvangin, eng nge a nih, taksa chhunga khawiah nge a awm, eng nge a tih tih hi han thlir ila.

Epithelium chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin...

Epithelium hi kan taksaa tissue chi khat bik a ni a . Ngaihtuah teh, kan taksa chhung leh pawn lam zawng zawng deuhthaw a khuh a, cavities leh hollow organs chhung lam a line a, kan glands-a tissue bulpui ber a ni bawk.

Tunah chuan i ngaihtuah mai thei, he epithelial tissue hian kan taksaah eng nge a tih? Dik tak chuan a awmna hmun a zirin hnathawh tam tak a nei a ni . A bulpui ber chu venhimna, thil chi hrang hrang chhuahna, leh thil tulte hip luh te hi a ni .

Kan taksaah hian tissue chi li a awm tih i hria mai thei:

• Epithelial tissue atanga lo chhuak a ni
• Connective tissue a ni
• Muscular tissue te pawh a awm
• Nervous tissue a awm

Chung zingah chuan epithelial tissue hi a pawimawh hle. A chhan chu thil pakhatin kan taksa peng hrang hranga a luh emaw, a chhuah emaw a ngai a nih chuan he epithelial tissue hi a paltlang hmasa tur a ni .

Kan taksaah hian he epithelial tissue hi hmun engzat nge a awm tih i ngaihtuah thei ang. Entirna tlemte chu hetiang hi a ni:

• I vun pawn lam ber (epidermis) .
• I intestine chhunga lining awm chu
• I thawkna kawng chhunga lining awm chu
• I pum chhunga lining awm chu
• I thawmhnaw glands te

Epithelial tissue hi hmun tinah a awm a.

Chuti a nih chuan, epithelial cells chu eng nge ni?

A awlsam hle mai. Epithelial tissue hi epithelial cell atanga siam a ni a . Heng cell te hi a pianzia hrang hrang a awm thei a, layer khatah emaw, layer tam takah emaw dah theih a ni. Taksa chhunga cell awmte leh eng hna nge an thawh tih ah a innghat a ni.

Biology-ah chuan cell hi nunna unit tenau ber, mahni chauha nung thei a ni. Kan taksa hi heng cell tluklehdingawn tam tak atanga siam a ni. Cell hian a tlangpuiin hmunpui pathum a nei a:

• Cell membrane: Hei hi cell vel khuhna a ni. Cell chhunga lut leh chhuak tur a control thin.
• Nucleus: Hei hi cell chhunga thil pawimawh ber a ni. Chutah chuan cell-a genetic information, a nih loh leh DNA , a tam zâwk chu a awm a ni.
• Cytoplasm tih hi a ni.Hei hi cell chhunga liquid part awm chu a ni. Chutah chuan cell peng dang, hna hrang hrang thawk thei thil te tak te te chu a awm a ni.

Cell chi thenkhat, a bik takin epithelial cell te hian an chung lamah structure bik an nei a, chu chuan an hnathawhna tur a ti thei a ni. Entirna thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Microvilli: Hengte hi kut zungtang te tak te, cell chung atanga rawn chhuak ang mai an ni. Mahse an che lo. An hna ber chu cell chunglam zau zawng tihpun hi a ni. Hei hian cell chu thil tam zawk a hip lut thei a ni. Entîr nân, i ril tê têa epithelial cell-te chuan heng microvilli sâng tam tak an nei a ni . Hengte hian i ei tur atanga nutrients te chu i lakluh theih nan a pui a, i taksa chu i gut chhunga bacteria lakah a venghim bawk.
• Cilia: Hengte hi a fin hle a, sam ang deuh, motile structure an ni. Cell chung lamah an awm a. Cell pum pui an kalpui thei a, a nih loh leh cell pawn lam atanga thil an kalpui thei bawk. Cilia nei cell hian cilia za tam tak a nei tlangpui. Ngaihtuah teh, i thawkna kawng chhunga epithelial cells te hian heng cilia te hi an nei a ni . Leivut leh thil dang i thawk chhuah hian heng cilia-ah hian an inkhung a, hnar lam hawiin an kal a, lung chhunga lut lo turin an venghim a ni. Entirna dang chu hmeichhe Fallopian tube-a epithelial cells te hi a ni. Hengte hian egg pakhat chu ovary atanga uterus-a kal turin a pui thin.
• Stereocilia: Hengte hi a takah chuan microvilli chi khat bik an ni. Mahse cilia nen an inang hle. Epithelial cell thenkhat chunglam atanga projection an ni bawk. Heng stereocilia te hi i beng chhungril epithelial tissue a hriatna leh balance neih nan a pawimawh hle a ni .

Eng chi epithelial cell nge awm?

Epithelial tissue hian hna hrang hrang an neih avangin epithelial cell chi hrang hrang a awm a, chu chu an awmna hmun a zirin a ni. Eng nge an nih i han thlir teh ang.

Epithelial cell chi hrang hrangte chu a pianzia a zirin

Cell hi an pianzia a zirin chi thum a awm a, chungte chu:

• Squamous epithelium: Heng cell te hi a flat a, hnah ang mai a ni.
• Cuboidal epithelium: Heng cell te hi an pianzia chu cuboidal a ni a, an san zawng, an zau zawng leh an thuk zawng a inang tihna a ni.
• Columnar epithelium: Heng cell te hi pillar ang maia siam an ni a, an zau zawng aiin an sang zawk tihna a ni.

Cell inrem dan atanga type hrang hrang

Epithelial tissue pawh hi cell inrem danah a danglam a:

• Simple: Epithelium awlsam tak chu cell layer pakhat chauh nei a ni .
• Stratified: Stratified epithelium chu cell layer khat aia tam atanga siam a ni .
• Pseudostratified tih a ni a:Hemi hi chu a danglam deuh deuh. Cell te hi an pack khawm a, size hrang hranga awm an nih avangin layer tam tak a awm niin a lang. Mahse a takah chuan cell layer khat chauh a awm .

I taksaa epithelial cell chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Tunah chuan a chunga kan sawi tak pianzia leh cell layer te inrem dan te kha han belhkhawm ila, epithelial tissue chi hrang hrang kan hmu thei ta a ni. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Simple squamous epithelium: He chi hian thisen kalna kawng leh taksa kawngkhar te a line tlangpui a, a hnuaia tissue-a thil kal dan tur a control bawk.
• Simple cuboidal epithelium: Hengte hi glandular tissue (secretion siamtu) leh kidney tubules-ah te hmuh tur a awm tlangpui.
• Simple columnar epithelium: Hengte hi absorption atana specialized an ni fo thin. Heng cell te hian an chung lamah cilia emaw microvilli emaw an nei fo thin. Heng cell te hian i pum leh i intestines te chu an line a.
• Stratified squamous epithelium: Hetiang tissue hian venhimna hna a nei tlangpui. Entirnan, a hnuaia tissue awmte chu microorganism emaw tuiin a tihchhiat emaw atanga venhim. I vun pawn lam ber (epidermis) hi heng stratified squamous epithelial cells te atanga siam a ni.
• Stratified cuboidal epithelium: Hetiang chi hi a awm vak lo. I salivary glands leh sweat glands excretory ducts ah a awm thei.
• Stratified columnar epithelium: Hei pawh hi a awm vak lo. I mitmeng line tu mucous membrane (conjunctiva) ah a awm a. Venhimna a pe a, mucus a tichhuak bawk.
• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: Hetiang chi hian i thawkna kawng chunglam a line a. A tlangpuiin cilia a nei tam hle.

Epithelial cells hnathawh bik nei te

Epithelial cell thenkhat chu an hnathawh dan bik a zirin thliar hran theih an awm bawk.

• Transitional epithelium: Urothelium an ti bawk. Cell layer engemaw zat atanga siam a ni. Hemi chungchanga thil danglam tak chu an inzawm khawm chuan heng cell te hi an flatten out thin. I zun kawng tam zawk a line . Tin, i bladder tizau thei tissue a ni bawk.
• Glandular epithelium awm chu: 1.1.Hetiang epithelium hi thil siam chhuah leh chhuah (excrete) na atana specialized a ni. Hengte hi i glands-ah te hmuh tur a awm. Glands hi taksa peng bik, hormone, protein leh tui ang chi thil siam thei, dahkhawm thei leh/ emaw tichhuak thei a ni.
• Olfactory epithelium: Hei hi i hnar chhungah a awm a. Olfactory receptor cells a awm a . Heng cell te hian cilia an tih, structure sei tak, specialized structure an nei a. I thawk chhuah hian he epithelial surface atanga an kal tlang hian odor molecule te chu cilia ah an inkhung a. Chumi hnuah chuan chu molecule chungchâng thu chu receptor aṭangin i thluaka olfactory bulb-ah a kal a ni. Chutah chuan i thluak chuan chu rim chu eng nge a nih a hrilhfiah thin.

Chuti a nih chuan, epithelial tissue-ah hian eng nge thleng tak tak? (Hnathawh tur) .

Tunah chuan kan taksa tan epithelial tissue a pawimawh zia chu i hmu thei tawh ang. Kan nunah thil pawimawh tak tak hna engemaw zat an thawk a ni. Epithelial cells hi taksa pum puiah hmuh tur a awm avangin an hnathawh leh thil tum chu an awmna hmun azirin a inang lo.

Epithelial tissue hian a hnuaia hna pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw a thawk ber a ni:

• Invenna: Epithelial tissue hian kan taksa peng hrang hrang a venghim a. Entirnan, i vun hi epithelial tissue atanga siam a ni . I taksa chhunga tissue, thisen kalna, ruh leh chhungril peng hrang hrangte a humhim a ni. Chutiang bawkin i intestines lining epithelial cells-a cilia te hian i taksa dang zawng zawng chu intestines chhunga bacteria lakah a venghim a ni.
• Secretion: I glands-a epithelial tissue (glandular epithelium) hian enzyme, hormone leh tui chi hrang hrang a tichhuak thei a.
• Absorption: I chhungril taksa peng hrang hrang, i thin leh lung ang chi epithelial tissue hian thil thenkhat a absorp thei a. Entirnan, i intestines chhunga epithelial lining chuan i ei tur atanga nutrients te chu a la lut thin .
• Excretion: Excretion chu taksa atanga bawlhhlawh paih chhuahna a ni. I kal chhunga epithelial tissue hian bawlhhlawh a paih chhuak thin . Tin, i sweat glands-a epithelial tissue hian thawmhnaw a tichhuak bawk.
• Filtration: I thawkna kawng chhunga epithelium hian i thawk boruak chu leivut leh bawlhhlawh chi hrang hrang a filter chhuak a, a tifai thin . Chutiang bawkin i kal chhunga epithelial tissue hian i thisen a filter bawk.
• Diffusion: Biology-ah chuan diffusion chu molecule emaw particle emaw concentration sang zawk atanga concentration hniam zawka an kalna a ni. Epithelial cell atanga siam membrane awlsam tak chuan thil thlan bikte chauh a kal tlang thei a ni. Hetianga diffusion kalphung hian filtration, absorption, leh secretion ang chi hna hrang hrangah a pui thin.
• Sensory dawngtu: 1.1.Kan taksa hian pawn lam atanga sensory information a dawng a, hei hi epithelial tissue-a sensory nerve endings embedded vang a ni. Entirnan, i beng chhunga epithelial tissue chunglama stereocilia te hi hriatna leh balance neih nan a pawimawh hle . Chutiang bawkin i lei chunga taste buds te chu i lei stratified squamous epithelium-ah a innghat a ni.

Epithelial tissue tichhe thei natnate chu engte nge ni?

Epithelial tissue-a hlauhawm ber chu cancer natna a awm theihna a ni a, a bik takin cancer chi hrang hrang adenocarcinoma emaw papillary thyroid carcinoma emaw a awm thei a ni.

Adenocarcinoma hi cancer chi khat a ni a, taksa peng hrang hrang line tu glandular epithelial tissue a nghawng a ni. Kan taksa peng hrang hranga cancer chi hrang hrang lo awm tam ber a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu:

• Prostate cancer tam zawk
• Hnute cancer tam tak a awm
• Colorectal cancer zinga 96% vel a ni
• Pancreatic cancer zinga 95% vel a ni
• Non-small cell lung cancer hi lung cancer zawng zawng zinga 40% vel a ni.

Thyroid cancer zinga 80% vel chu papillary thyroid carcinoma a ni. Hetiang cancer chi hi a thang zawi zawi a. Kawr chhunga lymph node-ah a darh a nih pawhin natna hian enkawlna a dawng tha hle. Dam theihna sang tak a ni a, thihna a thlen tam lo hle.

Cancer bakah hian epithelial tissue nena inzawm harsatna dang pawh taksa peng hrang hrangah a awm thei bawk. Thil awm dan tlangpui thenkhat chu:

• Asthma: Asthma hi i thawkna kawng a zim a, a hring a, mucus tam lutuk a siam thei bawk. Chutah chuan thawkna kawng (bronchial epithelium) chu a inthlak a, a chhe thei lo (fragile) ta a ni.
• Celiac disease: Celiac natna vei miin gluten (grain thenkhata protein awm) a ei chuan an immune system chuan an intestines line-a awm epithelial cells-a microvilli te chu a bei a, a tichhia a ni. Hei hian intestines tan nutrients tha taka lakluh a harsat phah a ni.
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) chi 1-4: HPV hian i vun pawn lam layer (epidermis)-a epithelial cells-ah warts a siam thei a.
• Vertigo: Vertigo hi a inher chhuak thei a, a rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a buai em em bawk a. A chhan hrang hrang a nei thei. A chhan pakhat chu i beng chhung thuk takah stratified squamous epithelial cells ( cholesteatoma an tih ) a awm dan pangngai lo vang a ni. Enkawl loh chuan vertigo (balance problems) bakah hriatna lama harsatna a thlen thei bawk.

Eng test nge epithelial cells te hi enfiah thin?

Kan taksa hmun pawimawh engemaw zatah epithelial cell hi hmuh a nih avangin, natna thenkhatah hian epithelial cell te hi an inrawlh em tih enfiahna test chi hrang hrang a awm a. Damdawi lamah chuan pathology chu taksa tissue emaw fluid sample emawa cell awmte laboratory-a enfiah a, natna hriat theihna a ni. Heng cell te hi enfiahtu scientist hi pathologist an ti a .

Epithelial tissue nena inzawm test entirnan thenkhat:

• Epithelial cells in urine: Urinalysis hi i zun chhunga thil chi hrang hrang tehna a ni. Chumi zinga ṭhenkhat chu zun epithelial cell count a ni. Lab technician chuan i zun sample chu microscope hmangin a en ang a, epithelial cells zat chu normal range chhungah a awm em tih a enfiah ang. I zun chhungah epithelial cell tlemte awm hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse , i neih tam chuan, chu chu natna hrik, kal natna, a nih loh leh natna khirh tak dang chhinchhiahna a ni thei .
• Pap smear / Pap test: Pap test hi serh chhunga epithelial cell pangngai lo, cancer nei emaw, cancer lo ni thei emaw a awm leh awm loh enfiahna a ni. He test-ah hian healthcare provider chuan serh atanga cell sample a la a, microscope hmangin a enfiah thin.
• Biopsy test thenkhat: Biopsy chu taksa peng pakhat atanga tissue lakchhuah te enfiahna (microscope hmanga enfiah fo thin) a ni a, natna chhinchhiahna zawng chhuah a ni. Epithelial cells te thlirletna biopsies chi hrang hrang a awm a. Entirnan, prostate biopsy-ah hian prostate atanga epithelial cells te chu needle hmanga lak a, cancer chhinchhiahna awm leh awm loh enfiah a ni. Celiac natna biopsy-ah hian small intestine lining atanga epithelial cells te chu endoscopy hmangin lakchhuah a ni a, cell chhunga microvilli te a chhiat leh chhiat loh enfiah a ni.
• Cytology test thenkhat (Cytology tests / Cytopathology): Cytology chu taksa tissue emaw tui atanga cell te enfiah a, natna hriat theihna tur a ni. Epithelial cell hmanga cytology test tam tak a awm a, chungte chu gynecologic cytology, thyroid cytology, respiratory cytology, leh eye cytology te hi a ni.

Epithelium, endothelium leh mesothelium te hi eng nge an danglamna?

Heng hming pathumte hi a ri inang deuh avangin a buaithlak thei hle. Epithelium, endothelium , leh mesothelium te hi epithelial cell layer chi thum an ni a, kan taksa peng hrang hrang, taksa peng hrang hrang, kan vun pawn lam layer siamtute an ni.

• Epithelium hian pawn lam boruak hawn theihna kawng a line tlangpui a, entirnan i thawkna kawng leh chaw ei dan.
• Endothelium hian a tlangpuiin taksa chhungril channel zawng zawng a line a, entirnan i circulatory system (thisen kalna kawng) leh i mit cornea te a line a.
• Mesothelium hian i taksa cavities lian ber berte chu a line a. Entirnan, pum chhung (peritoneum), lung kawng (pleura), leh thinlung chhung (pericardium) te. Mesothelium hian lubricating fluid a tichhuak a , chu chu serous fluid an ti a .

Epithelial tissue hi i taksa hnathawh leh hriselna atana pawimawh tak tak hna tam tak thawk thei chi khat a ni. I doctor-in test emaw cancer chi hrang hrang emaw a sawi hian "epithelium" tih thumal a hmang tih i hre tawh ngei ang. Damdawi lam kawngah hian hetiang thumal buaithlak tak tak, mak tak tak hi a tam hle. I doctor-in a hman thumal i hriat chian loh chuan a awmzia zawt hreh suh.

I hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte (Take-Home Message) .

Chuvangin, vawiin a kan sawi tawh he ‘epithelium’ chungchangah hian ngaihdan awlsam tak in neih ka beisei.

• Epithelium hi specialized tissue a ni a, khuhna angin hna a thawk a, kan taksa hmun tinah te pawh a awm vek. Vun, ril, leh thawkna kawng ang hmunah te a awm a.
• Hei hian hna pawimawh tak tak a thawk a, chu chu venhimna, secretion, leh absorption te hi a ni .
• Epithelial cell hi an pianzia leh an inrem dan azirin chi hrang hrang an awm a .
• Damdawi lam harsatna thenkhat, a bik takin cancer , hian he epithelial tissue hi a nghawng thei a, asthma leh celiac natna ang chi natna nen pawh a inzawm bawk.
• Heng cell te hriselna hi test hrang hrang (urine test, Pap smear, biopsies) hmangin kan hmu thei a ni.

I taksa hriat chian hian hrisel taka awm theihna kawngah kawng thui tak a zawh ang. Chuvângin, chûng thilte chu hriat belh duhin awm rawh.

` epithelium, epithelial cells, tissue, taksa khuhna, glands, venhimna, secretion, absorption, cell chi hrang hrang, squamous, cuboidal, columnar, stratified, simple, pseudostratified, cancer, adenocarcinoma, pap smear