Glucose chu eng nge ni? Engtin nge zunthlum nen a inzawm?

Zunthlum chungchang i sawi hian ‘Blood Sugar’ emaw ‘Glucose’ tih thumal hi i hre reng mai thei, a dik em? Glucose hi eng nge ni tih chiang taka hriat a pawimawh hle a, kan ei leh in atanga kan taksa chakna petu a ni a, a bik takin zunthlum i neih emaw, zunthlum vei theihna tur emaw i nih chuan. Chuvangin vawiinah hian a awlsam zawngin sawi ila, A atanga Z thlengin.

Glucose leh Insulin hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin glucose hi sugar chi khat a ni . Kan ei leh in atang hian kan hmu a, a bik takin carbohydrate tamna ei tur atang hian kan hmu thin. Kan taksa hian he glucose hi cell te hnena chakna pe turin a hmang thin. He glucose hi thisen a kal hian "thisen sugar" emaw 'thisen sugar' emaw kan ti thin.

Tunah chuan hetah hian insulin chanvo a lo lut ta a, insulin hi kan pancreas-a hormone siam chhuah a ni. Chabi ang maiin he insulin hi kan taksa cell te hawngtu a ni a, thisena glucose chu chu cell-ah chuan lutin chakna siam turin a pui a ni.

Diabetes Mellitus i vei tih hmuhchhuah i nih chuan i thisen glucose level chu a pangngai aia sang a ni tihna a ni. Hei hi chhan pahnih awm thei a ni:

1. Either i taksa hian thisen chhunga glucose awm chu cell-ah a kal tir thei tur insulin a siam tling lo.

2. A nih loh leh, insulin awm mahse, i taksa cell-te hian an chhang tha lo (Insulin Resistance).

Engtin nge kan taksaah glucose hi kan luh tir ang?

Kan eitur tam tak, a bik takin carbohydrates tamna chhang, buhfai, alu, leh thei chi hrang hrangah hian glucose a awm a. Kan ei zawh chuan chaw chu pum chhungah a lut a, enzyme leh acid hmangin a te tein a then a. Hetiang hian glucose a chhuah tir thin.

Tichuan, he glucose hi intestine-ah a kal a, thisenah a lut ta a ni. Chutah chuan hormone insulin a rawn lut a, he glucose hi cell chhunga thawn luh a pui a ni.

Energy leh storage: Taksa chhunga glucose awm hi eng nge thleng?

Kan taksa hi thisenah glucose level awm reng thei tura siam a ni. Kan ei zawh hnua thisen glucose level a san chuan pancreas chhunga special cells (beta cells) te hian insulin an siam chhuak thin. He insulin hian glucose chu taksa ruh, thau leh thin cell-a luh theihna kawng a hawng a ni.

Thluak fuel ber a ni

Kan taksaa cell tam zawk hian chakna atan glucose, amino acids (protein siamtu) leh thau te hmang mah se, kan thluak fuel ber chu glucose a ni.Glucose hi thluaka nerve cell leh chemical messenger te tana information processing atan a pawimawh hle. Glucose tel lo chuan kan thluak hian hna a thawk tha thei lo.

Extra energy khawlkhawm

Taksain a mamawh chakna a hman zawh hnuah, glucose la awm chu liver leh muscle-ah bundle te tak te, glycogen an tih angin a awm khawm a ni. Kan taksa hian ni khat chhunga a mamawh chakna vel chu hetiang hian a khawlkhawm thei a ni.

Darkar tlemte chhung chaw ei lo ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh. I thisen glucose level a tlahniam. Chutih lai chuan pancreas chuan insulin a siam chhuak tawh lo va, hormone dang glucagon tih chu a siam tan ta a ni. He glucagon hian liver chu glycogen dahkhawm chu glucose-ah a chantir leh turin signal a pe a ni. Chu glucose chu thisenah a lut a, i ei leh hma loh chuan taksa chu chakna a pe a ni.

Thisen Glucose leh Zunthlum vei

Chaw ei zawha thisen sugar level a san a, darkar engemaw zat hnuah a tlahniam leh hi thil pangngai a ni. Mi hrisel chuan chaw ngheia thisen sugar level chu 100 mg/dL aia tlem a ni tur a ni.

Mahse zunthlum i neih chuan i taksain hei hi a process tha thei lo.

Zunthlum hi chi hnih a awm a, chungte chu:

• Type 1 Diabetes: Hetianga zunthlum chi hrang hrangah hian taksa hriselna (immune system) hian pancreas-a insulin siamtu cells te chu a tihchhiat palh a, chu chuan taksain insulin a siam tlem phah a ni.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Hetiang dinhmunah hian taksa cell ten insulin an dawng tha lo. Chuvang chuan pancreas hian glucose chu cell chhunga a luh theih nan insulin tam zawk a siam a ngai a ni. Hun a kal zel a, pancreas hi a chak lo thei a, insulin a siam chhuak thei lo thei bawk.

Insulin a tlem chuan thisenah glucose a pungkhawm a, cell chhungah a lut lo. Chaw ei hnu darkar 2-a thisen glucose level 200 mg/dL aia tam emaw, chaw nghei laiin 125 mg/dL aia tam emaw chu hyperglycemia an ti a ni.

Thisen sugar level hi engtin nge kan teh ang?

A hmanraw hman tlanglawn ber pahnih chu:

1. Fingerstick Test: Kut zungpui atanga thisen tlem te chu lancet hmangin lakchhuah a ni a, test strip-ah dahin, glucose meter hmanga teh a ni. Tuna i thisen sugar level chu second tlemte chhungin i hmu thei ang.

2. Continuous Blood Glucose Monitor (CGM): Sensor te tak te hi vun hnuaiah dah a ni a, a tlangpuiin kut emaw, pum chhungah emaw dah a ni. Cell inkara tui awmte enfiahin i thisen sugar level a teh chhunzawm zel a, chu data chu phone app ang chi device-ah a thawn chhuak thin.

A1c test hi eng nge ni?

A1c test (HbA1c test) hi thisen test a ni a, thla 2-3 kalta chhunga i thisen sugar level zatve vel a ni.

Glucose thisenah a luh chuan thisen chhunga oxygen phurtu thisen sen (red blood cells) peng , hemoglobin -ah a inzawm a ni. A1c test hian i thisena hemoglobin awm zat chu sugar (glycated) in a khuh tih a teh a ni. Thisen glucose a san chuan i A1c value a sang zawk thin.

Thisen sugar level hniam (Hypoglycemia) awm chhante chu engte nge ni?

Hypoglycemia hi thisen sugar level 70 mg/dL aia hniam a nih chuan a ni. Hei hi rang takin medical emergency a lo ni thei. Hetiang thil a thlen theih chhan hi eng emaw zat a awm.

• Pum ruak chunga zu in.
• Insulin emaw zunthlum damdawi dang emaw a tul aia tam ei.
• Chaw ei skip.
• Exercise tih dan pangngai aia tam.
• Hormone inthlak danglamna (e.g. thla tin thlasik hun).

I sugar level a tlahniam chuan eng nge i tih thin?

American Diabetes Association-in a rawt "15-15 rule" chu i zawm thei ang:

1. Fast-acting carbohydrates gram 15 (e.g. Sugar/glucose teaspoon 3, khawizu tablespoon 1) ei emaw in emaw.

2. Minute 15 vel nghak rawh .

3. I thisen sugar enfiah leh rawh. 70 mg/dL hnuai lam a la nih chuan carbohydrates gram 15 dang ei leh tur a ni.

4. Sugar level a normal leh hma loh chuan hetiang hian tih leh tur a ni.

Thisen sugar level sang (Hyperglycemia) awm chhante chu engte nge ni?

Thisen sugar level 180 mg/dL aia sang chuan hyperglycemia an ti a. Hei hi chhan hrang hrang a awm a.

• Insulin emaw damdawi dang emaw ei tlem.
• Taksa tihchak loh.
• Natna (e.g. khawsik, flu) emaw, natna hrik kai emaw.
• Rimtawng.
• Ruahman aia tam ei.

Engtikah nge Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ah i kal ang?

I thisen sugar level chu 300 mg/dL aia tam a nih chuan vawi hnih a zawnin , i doctor ko nghal rawh.

Hyperglycemia enkawl loh chuan nunna atana hlauhawm ketoacidosis , emaw, diabetic coma emaw a thlen thei a ni. A hnuaia symptoms te hi i neih chuan damdawi in emergency department (ETU) ah kal nghal rawh :

• Thâwk chungah thei rim a nam.
• Nausea leh luak chhuak.
• Kawng a vawt lutuk.
• Thâwk harsa.

I thisen sugar level chu a range dik takah dah a pawimawh hle. I doctor thupek zawm rawh. I thisen sugar level enfiah fo thin ang che. Exercise, ei leh in inthlau tak, leh damdawi pek chhuah te hmangin nun hrisel tak i hmang thei a ni.