Gene chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin sawi ila!

I pianzia danglam tak, i nuihzatna, i sam rawng, i thusawi dan pawh kha khawi atanga i hmuh nge tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? A chang chuan, "Nu, i pa ang chiah chiah i ni!" emaw "I nu mit i nei!" Chu chu heng thil tenawm tak tak, mahse thiltithei tak tak, tunlaia kan sawi tur, genes tih te avang hian a ni. Hengte hian kan nihna, kan hmel lan dan, kan mizia thlengin min siamtu a ni.

Gene chu eng nge ni tak tak?

A awlsam zawngin, genes hi i nu leh pate hnen atanga i dawn information bag tlemte a ni. He information bag hian i ‘traits’ , i sam a sei leh sei, i sang leh tawi, i mit eng rawng nge a nih, leh i nuih dan tur tichiangtu information zawng zawng a keng tel vek a ni. Heng miziate hi heng genes hmang hian thlah khat atanga thlah dangah a inthlak danglam thin.

Ngaihtuah teh, i nu leh i pa pahnih hian mit dum an neih chuan mit dum i nei tam zawk ang. Tin, i nuin freckles a neih chuan chu mizia chu nang pawhin i rochun thei bawk. Mihring chauh hian heng genes te hi kan nei lo, rannung, thing, heng thil nung zawng zawng hian genes an nei vek a ni. Kan taksaa cell pakhat chauh hian gene 25,000 atanga 35,000 inkar a pai thei niin an sawi. Chu chu thil mak a ni lo maw?

Heng gene te te hi khawiah nge an awm tih i hria em?

Heng genes te hi a te lutuk a, kan hmu thei lo. Kan taksa siamtu cell an tih unit te tak te chhungah hian an awm a ni. I taksa hi heng cell maktaduai tam tak atanga siam a ni. Heng cell te hi an te em em a, an hmuh theih nan microscope i mamawh ngei ang.

Heng cell chhungah hian chromosome tih hming pu, balls of thread ang maia lang, a nih loh leh mi thenkhatin an sawi angin macaroni ang chi structure a awm a. Heng genes te hi chu chromosome chhungah chuan an dah khawm a ni. Chromosome pakhatah hian gene za tam tak, sang tam tak pawh a awm thei. Heng chromosome leh gene te hi chemical pakhat DNA an tih atanga siam a ni a . DNA awmzia kimchang chu Deoxyribonucleic acid a ni . Hming sei deuh a ni lawm ni? Mahse vawikhat i thiam tawh chuan a awlsam khawp mai.

Cell chhunga thiltihtheihna te tak te: nucleus

Cell tam zawk lai takah chuan egg ang chi hmun te tak te, nucleus . Hei hi cell thluak a ni. Cell peng dang zawng zawngte tih tur hrilhtu chu nucleus a ni. Chuti a nih chuan, engtin nge nucleus hian hetiang zat hi a hriat theih? A chhan chu kan chromosome leh gene zawng zawng hi he nucleus chhungah hian a awm vek a ni. He nucleus te tak teah hian i ngaihtuah aia tam information a awm a – i hmuh tawh zawng zawng dictionary lian ber aiin a tam zawk pawh a ni mai thei!

Kan chromosome chanchin

Mihring cell tin hian chromosome 46 an nei vek a. Mahse hengte hi pahnih pahnih in an lo thleng thin. Chu chu, chromosome pahnih 23 . Heng pairs zinga a chanve pakhat, chu chu chromosome 23 chu kan nu hnen atangin kan hmu a, a chanve dang, chromosome 23 chu kan pa hnen atangin kan hmu tih hre reng ang che.

Microscope hmanga en chuan heng chromosome te hi a sei zawng hrang hrang leh stripe pattern hrang hrang nei angin a lang. A lian leh a awm dan anga dah a nih chuan, pair hmasa 22 chu autosomes an ti a. Pair hnuhnung ber chu sex chromosomes , X leh Y chromosomes te an ni. Heng sex chromosomes te hian hmeichhia i nih leh nih loh a hril a ni. Hmeichhia chuan X chromosome pahnih (XX) an nei a, mipa naupang chuan X chromosome pakhat leh Y chromosome pakhat (XY) an nei bawk.

Mahse thil nung zawng zawng hian an cell-ah chromosome 46 an nei vek lo. Entirnan, fruit fly cell hian chromosome pali chauh a nei!

Engtin nge genes hian hna a thawh?

Gene tin hian hna bik an nei vek a. Gene pakhata DNA hian recipe ang bawkin thupek chiang tak tak a keng tel a. Heng instruction te hi cell chhunga protein siam nan an hmang thin. Protein hi kan taksa chhunga thil awm zawng zawng siamtu a ni. Kan ruh te, kan ha te, kan sam te, kan beng te, kan taksa ruh te leh kan thisen te hi protein atanga siam vek a ni. Heng protein te hian kan taksa a ti thang lian a, a hrisel reng bawk. Tunah chuan scientist-te chuan gene pakhatin protein chi hrang hrang 10 vel a siam thei tih an ring ta! Chu chu protein 300,000 chuang a ni!

Genes hian kan mizia a hril dan

Chromosome ang bawkin gene pawh hi pahnih in a awm a. I nu leh pa pahnih hian an gene pakhat zel copy pahnih an nei a. Mahse copy khat chauh i hmu thin. I genes hi i nu atanga pakhat leh i pa atanga pakhat atanga siam a ni. Chutianga gene i hmuhte hian i mizia tam tak a hril a, chu chu i sam rawng leh vun rawng te hi a ni.

Sandani nu hian sam dum gene a nei a, sam sen gene a nei tih han ngaihtuah teh. Sandani chu sam sen gene chu a pe a. Sandani pa hian sam sen tur gene pahnih a neih chuan Sandani pawhin a hnen atangin sam sen tur gene a hmu thei bawk. Tichuan Sandani chuan nu leh pa pahnih hnen atangin sam sen gene chu a hmu a, a sam chu a sen vek ang. I hrethiam em?

Entirna dang angin ui chi hrang hrang a awm bawk. An vai hian ui, sangha, mihring ni lovin, ui siamtu gene an nei vek a ni. Mahse ui siamtu genes te hian an mimal mizia a hril a ni. Chuvang chuan ui thenkhat chu an te a, thenkhat chu an lian bawk. Thenkhatin sam sei an nei a, thenkhatin sam tawi an nei bawk. Dalmatian te hian sam dum leh hmul dum awmna gene an nei a. Toy poodles hian sam sei tak siamna tur gene a nei a. Tunah hian hei hi i hrethiam tawhin ka ring.

Genes lama harsatna a awm chuan engtin nge ni ang?

Scientist ten heng genes te hi an zir chhunzawm zel a. Gene tin hian eng protein nge an siam tih hriat an duh a, chu protein te chu eng nge thleng tih hriat an duh bawk. Tin, eng natna nge genes hnathawk tha lo avanga lo awm tih hriat an duh bawk. Eng emaw ti taka gene danglam tawhte chu mutations kan ti a . Zirchiangtute chuan heng gene mutations te hi lung natna te, cancer te leh natna dang tam takah hian a then a awm niin an ngai. Natna leh hriselna lama harsatna thenkhat chu genes a awm loh emaw, genes emaw chromosomes extra parts a awm emaw hian a awm thin.

Heng gene problem thenkhat hi nu leh pa atanga fate rochun theih a ni. Entîr nân, kan taksain hemoglobin siam tûra ṭanpuitu gene hi han la ila . Hemoglobin hi protein pawimawh tak a ni a, thisen sen (red blood cells) te taksa pum puia oxygen an phurh luh theih nan a pui a ni. Naupangin a nu leh pa hnen atanga hemoglobin gene danglam tak a rochun chuan chu naupang chuan hemoglobin chi khat, a thawk tha lo chauh a siam thei mai thei. Hei hian anemia tih natna a thlen thei a ni . Anemia hi thisen zam (red blood cells) hrisel tak tak tlemna a ni. Sickle cell anemia hi thisen tlakchhamna chi khat a ni a, nu leh pa atanga fate hnenah hetiang hian gene hmanga rochun a ni.

Cystic fibrosis, a nih loh leh CF hi naupang thenkhatin an rochun natna dang rochun a ni. Nu leh pa, mutated CF gene nei te chuan an fate hnenah an pe thei a ni. CF vei te hian thawk harsatna an nei a, a chhan chu an taksa hian mucus a siam tam lutuk – kan damloh laia kan hnar atanga tui thuk lo chhuak chu – an lungah a tang tlat thin. CF vei te hian an lung a hrisel thei ang bera an awm theih nan an dam chhungin enkawlna an lak a ngai a ni.

Chanchin thar: Gene therapy chungchang tlem han zir ila.

Gene therapy hi damdawi thar tak a ni – a thar em em a, scientist-te chuan a thawk em tih hriat tumin research phase-ah an la awm reng a ni. Eng emaw kawng taka gene tihdanglam a nih avanga natna lo awm chu enkawl nan genetic engineering hman a ni.Technology hmangin. Tuna enchhin mek pakhat chu natna nei genes te chu gene hrisel tak tak hmanga thlak hi a ni. He gene therapy zirchianna (mihring hmanga zirchianna te pawh tel) hian nakin lawkah natna tam tak enkawl dan thar a thlen ngei a rinawm a, natna tam tak pawh a veng thei mai thei.

Chuti a nih chuan, he thawnthu atang hian eng thil nge kan hriat reng tur? (In lama hruai tur thuchah)

Chuvângin, tûnah chuan genes hi kan nihna min siamtu, kan hmel, kan mizia, leh kan hrisêlna thlenga nghawngtu thil mak leh pawimawh tak takte a ni tih i hrethiam mai thei Kan nu leh pate hnen atanga thilpek hlu ber kan dawn ang an ni.

• Genes hi kan taksa cell chhunga awm, kan mizia tichiangtu instruction set a ni.
• Chungte chu chromosome an tih structure-ah dahkhawm a ni a, DNA atanga siam a ni.
• Kan genes hi kan nu leh pate hnen atangin kan hmu a, chuvang chuan anmahni nen kan inang a ni.
• A chang chuan genes inthlak danglam (mutations) hian hriselna lamah harsatna a thlen thei.
• Gene therapy ang chi technology thar hian nakin lawkah hetiang harsatna chinfelna a pe thei ang.

Heng genes chungchang i hriat hian kan taksa leh kan genes te hi i hrethiam zawk ngei ka beisei. Zawhna dang i neih chuan doctor emaw, he thupui hrechiangtu emaw zawt hreh suh.

` Gene, Chromosome, DNA, Hriselna, Hriselna