Nausen pum chhunga lo seilian thluak leh ruhro (spinal cord) tichhe thei neural tube defects (NTDs) chungchang kan sawi dawn em ni?

Naute i beisei emaw, chanchin lawmawm i dawng tawh emaw pawh nise, i pum chhunga naupang tê tak tê chungchâng hi thil sâng tam tak i ngaihtuah a ni mai thei. I naute hriselna chungchang tlem tal hriat chu engtiang chiahin nge a hlut ang? Chuvangin, vawiinah hian naupai laiin a chang chuan lo thleng thei, mahse a hmaa i hriat chian chuan ven theih a nih thu kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu neural tube defects , emaw doctor-te'n ``Neural Tube Defects - NTDs'' an tih angin a ni. Lungngai suh, he thu hi awlsam takin, i hriatthiam theih dan tur angin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Neural tube defect (NTD) te hi engte nge ni? A awlsam zawngin...

A awlsam zawngin, NTDs hi pianpui natna chi khat a ni . Chu chu naute pum chhunga a la awm laia lo awm thin dinhmun an ni tihna a ni. Naute thluak, ruhro emaw, ruhro (spinal cord kal tlanga nervous system) emaw an nghawng ber a ni. Heng tlin lohnate hi naupai i hriat hma pawhin a thleng fo thin tih hre reng ang che, a tlangpuiin naupai atanga thla hmasa berah a awm thin.

Hei hi thil thleng tlangpui a ni. Naute chu a pum chhunga a lo thanlen tan tirh hian naute ruhro sir lehlamah a inzawm khawm a, tube ang maia siam a ni. Hei hi neural tube kan tih chu a ni . He neural tube hi a hnuah naute thluak leh ruhroah a lo thang lian ang. Chuvangin, he neural tube hi a khar tha lo a nih chuan, khawi emaw laiah gap tlem emaw, tlakchhamna emaw a awm a nih chuan, he NTD an tih hi a lo awm ta a ni. Inchung i siam dawnin khawi emaw laiah gap a awm chuan inchung atanga tui a luang chhuak ang mai a ni.

NTD chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Neural tube defects (NTDs) hi chi hrang hrang lian tak tak a awm a. A hrangin i en ang u:

1. Spina Bifida a awm

Hei hi NTD chi khat zingah chuan a tam ber a ni. Spina Bifida hi nausen lo piang chhoh laiin ruhro (spina) dungzuiin hmun engemaw takah neural tube chu a khar kim vek lo tihna a ni. Hetah pawh hian subtype engemaw zat a awm a:

• Myelomeningocele (Hriselna atana hman tur (Open Spina Bifida)): 1.1.

Naute thenkhat an pian hian an ruh hnunglam atanga tui khat bawm lo chhuak chu i hmu thei ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Hei hi `(Myelomeningocele) an ti a.` Sac chhungah hian naute ruhro, a khuh tu tissue `(Meninges)`, nerve, leh thluak vel tui `(Cerebrospinal Fluid - CSF)` thlenga tel a ni thei. Hei hi `(Spina Bifida) nasat ber leh hman tlanglawn ber a ni.`

• Meningocele tih hi a ni.

Chutiang a nih chuan naute hnungzang atang hian tuiin a khat sac a lo chhuak mai thei. Mahse, hetiang a nih chuan naute ruhro (spinal cord) a chhe lo a, chu chu sac chhungah ruhro (spinal cord) a awm lo tihna a ni.

• Spina Bifida Occulta (Hripui (spina Bifida)) te hi a ni.

Hei hi `(Spina Bifida)` tih chi mild ber a ni. Hetiang a nih chuan naute ruhroah hian gap te tak te a awm a, mahse sac hmuh theih a awm lo. Spinal cord emaw nerve emaw a tichhia lo. A tam zawkah chuan hei hian harsatna a thlen lo. A châng chuan, i dam chhûng zawngin i nei tih pawh i hre lo mai thei.

2. Anencephaly natna (anencephaly) a awm

Hei hi dinhmun pawi tak a ni. Anencephaly hi nausen lo piang chhoh laiin thluak lo thanglian nana neural tube chunglam chu a khar tha lo tihna a ni. Chumi avang chuan naute lu ruh, vun leh thluak te chu a thang tha lo hle. Thluak leh luruh hmun thenkhat chu a bo vek thei. Thluak tissue lo thang zel chu a khuh tur vun emaw ruh emaw a awm loh avangin a langsar tlangpui. Lungchhiatthlâk takin, he natna vei naute hi an pian hnu rei vak lovah an piang emaw, an thi emaw fo ṭhîn.

3. Encephalocele (Encephalocele) a awm thin

Hei hi thluak bulah neural tube a khar dik loh avangin luruh chhungah hawnna a siam a ni. He kawngkhar atang hian naute thluak leh thluak khuh tu membrane (meninges) te chu a rawn chhuak thei a, sac ang maia chhuak a siam thei a ni. A châng chuan, hnar kawng emaw, hmai emaw-ah hian hawnna tê tê chauh a awm thei a, chu chu a langsar vak lo.

4. Inencephaly natna (inencephaly) a ni

Hei pawh hi natna khirh tak leh hmuh tur awm lo tak a ni bawk. Ruhro (spine) a tichhe nasa hle. Vawi tam tak chu a kawr chu a awm lo vek a, lu chu hnunglam hawiin naute hmai chu a rilruah a inzawm thei a, luruh hnunglam vun pawh a inzawm thei bawk. Hetiang natna vei naute hi thi an piang tlangpui.

Heng NTD te hian tute nge an nghawng? Engtiang chiahin nge an awm?

NTDs hi pian tirh atanga lo awm thin a ni a, chu chu naute lo piang chhuak tur a nghawng tihna a ni . Naupai thla khatna chhungin an awm bawk.

Khawvel ram thenkhata statistics atanga a lan dan chuan `(NTDs)` hi a tam vak lo a, mahse hriat chian a pawimawh hle. Entirnan, United States of America-ah chuan kum khatah naupai 3000 vel ah he natna hi hmuh tur a awm a. Chung zingah chuan `(Spina Bifida)` leh `(Anencephaly)` te hi a tam ber a ni. Sri Lanka ramah hian statistics dik tak hmuh harsa hle mah se, heng dinhmunte hi tu chungah pawh a thleng thei tih hriat reng a pawimawh.

Engvangin nge heng neural tube defects (NTDs) te hi a lo awm?

Dik tak chuan doctor leh scientist-te chuan heng NTDs awm chhan pakhat chauh hi eng nge ni tih chiang takin an la sawi thei lo. Mahse, chu chu genetic, nutritional, leh environmental factors inzawmkhawm buaithlak tak niin an ngai .

Hei hi a chhan lian ber chu nu taksaa folic acid level hniam vang a ni tih hmuhchhuah a ni a, a bik takin naupai hma leh naupai kar tir lamah Folic acid emaw folate emaw hi naute thluak leh ruhro (spinal cord) tha taka a thanlenna atana ei tur pawimawh tak a ni.

NTDs natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

NTD chi hrang hrang hian symptom hrang hrang an nei vek a.

Naute `(NTD)` thenkhat nei tanSymptoms a awm lo. Mahse, naute ṭhenkhat chuan harsatna lian tak an nei thei a ni . Sawi tawh angin nausen `(Iniencephaly)` leh `(Anencephaly)` vei te hi an pian tirh emaw, an pian hnu rei vak lovah emaw an thi fo thin.

NTDs natna lan chhuah dan tlangpui chu:

• Taksa lama harsatna - entirnan, paralysis (kawng leh ke hloh), zun leh ek thunun theih lohna.
• Mit hmuhna hloh (mitdelna).
• Hriatna hloh (bengchheng).
• Thinlung lama harsatna nei te.
• Hriat lohna dinhmun, a chang chuan thihna pawh.

Doctor-te chuan i naute hian ``(NTD)'' a nei nia an rinhlelh chuan he thil hi an hrilh belh ang che, heng dinhmunte hi naute pakhatah a inang lo thei a ni.

Nu hian naupai laiin symptoms a nei em?

No. I naute hian ``(NTD)'' nei mahse, a kaihhnawih symptom bik i nei lovang. Doctor-te chuan naupai laiin test hmangin hengte hi an hmuchhuak thin.

Engtin nge heng `(NTDs)` te hi an hriat chhuah?

Doctor-te chuan naupai laiin nau neih hmaa test hmangin NTD hi an hmuchhuak tlangpui. Chumi atan chuan ultrasound scan hi a pawimawh hle.

NTDs hriat theihna atan eng test nge hman thin?

Doctor-te chuan naute pian hmaa NTDs hmuhchhuah nan heng test te hi an hmang thin:

• Thisen Test: Naupai atanga kar 16 leh kar 18 inkarah i doctor chuan i thisena protein alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) an tih tehna tur test a ti thei ang. I naute hian NTD a neih chuan nu thisena he protein hi a tlangpui aia sang (75% - 80% vel) a ni tlangpui. I AFP level a san chuan i doctor chuan test dang, ultrasound scan ang chi tih a ti thei ang.
• Fetal (Prenatal) Ultrasound: Naupai laiin ultrasound scan hi NTD engemaw zat hriat theihna tur dik ber a ni. Doctor-te chuan first trimester (kar 11-14) leh second trimester (kar 18-22)-ah scan neih an rawt tlangpui. Heng scan te hian naute ruhro leh lu an enfiah a, NTDs chhinchhiahna a awm em tih an enfiah thin.
• Amniocentesis: He test hian NTD leh nau piangsual dangte a enfiah thei a ni. Naute hual veltu amniotic fluid sample tlemte lak nan needle hman a ni. Hei hi naupai kar 15 leh kar 20 inkarah tih a ni tlangpui. Mahse, he test hian hlauhawmna engemaw zat a nei a, chuvangin i doctor nen sawiho rawh.

A chang chuan NTD thenkhat chu naute pian hnuah imaging test hmangin MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) emaw CT (Computed Tomography) scan hmangin hmuhchhuah theih a ni.

NTDs enkawlna tur engte nge ni?

`(Spina Bifida)` leh `(Encephalocele) ang chi natna tan chuan natna nasat dan azirin enkawlna kawng hrang hrang a awm.

Vanduaithlak takin Anencephaly leh Iniencephaly damdawi a awm lo. Chutiang naute chu an pian tirh emaw, an pian hnu rei vak lovah emaw an thi tlangpui.

`(Spina Bifida)` leh `(Encephalocele)` te enkawl dan

Heng natna pahnih enkawlna hi natna nasat dan leh naute hian harsatna dang a neih leh neih lohah a innghat a ni. Surgery hi an pahnih tan chuan enkawlna ber a ni.

Encephalocele hi surgery hmanga enkawl a ni tlangpui a, chutah chuan naute luruh atanga thluak atanga lo chhuak, a chhehvel membrane te chu luruh chhungah dah lehin, luruh chhunga hawnna chu khar a ni.

Spina bifida natna tlanglawn ber Myelomeningocele hi naute ruhroa inhawng siamthatna tur operation hmanga enkawl a ni tlangpui. He surgery hi naute pian hma (fetal surgery) emaw, a pian hnu lawkah (postnatal surgery) emaw tih theih a ni.

Heng pahnih hi hun rei tak enkawl a ngai thei a , naupang dinhmun a zirin. Hun a kal zel a, operation tam zawk neih a ngai thei a, a nih loh leh thluak chhehvela tui tam lutuk awmkhawmna hydrocephalus ang chi harsatna te chu enkawl a ngai thei bawk.

NTD vei theihna tur risk factors te chu engte nge ni?

Hmeichhia tu pawhin ``(NTD)`` nei naute a nei thei. Mahse, thil engemaw tak chuan he hlauhawmna hi a tipung thei a ni. Eng nge an nih i en ang u:

• Folate (folic acid) tlakchhamna: Hei hi a pawimawh hle. Folate hi vitamin B-9 chi khat a ni a. Naute hrisel taka thanlenna atan a pawimawh hle. Naupai hma leh naupai thla hmasa berah folic acid a tlem chuan Spina Bifida ang NTD vei theihna a sang zawk.

Chuvangin nau pai tum i nih chuan, emaw, naupai tawh i nih chuan, i doctor-in prenatal vitamins a pek te hi ei a pawimawh hle. A tlangpuiin nitin folic acid microgram 400 (mcg) tal ei tur a ni. Tin, eitur folate tamna (spinach, pears ang chi) ei hi a tha hle bawk.

• Chhungkaw history-a neural tube defects: Nu pakhatin naute NTD nei tawh a neih tawh chuan naute dang a neih belh theihna chance chu 2% atanga 3% in a sang zawk a ni. Hemi chungchang hi hriat belh duh chuan genetic counselor pan a tha.
• Antiseizure damdawi thenkhat: Heng damdawi te hi naupai laiin ei a nih chuan NTDs vei theihna a tipung thei a ni. Epilepsy damdawi i ei a nih chuan i naupai hmain i doctor nen inbia la, chu damdawi chuan i naupai lai a nghawng dan tur chu i hre thei ang.
• Zunthlum:Nu naupai, zunthlum control tha lo tak takte chu ``(NTD)'' nei naute neih theihna chance a sang hle.
• Obesity: He risk hi naupai hmaa thau lutuk nu tan pawh a sang zawk.
• Naupai tirh lamah taksa lumna sang: Naupai kar tir lamah i taksa lumna a san (hyperthermia) a nih chuan , khawsik chhunzawm zel vang emaw, sauna emaw hot tub hman avanga emaw, NTDs vei theihna a tlem hle.
• Naupai tirh lamah opioid hman: Opioid hi natna tidamtu chi khat a ni a, ruihhlo ngawlvei tak a ni thei. Naupai thla hnih hmasa berah i hman chuan NTD nei naute i neih a rinawm zawk. Naupai i nih a, opioid awm thei damdawi i ei a nih chuan i doctor hnenah hrilh nghal rawh.

Naute `(NTD)` nei chu a dam thei ang em?

Ni e, naute neural tube defect thenkhat `(Spina Bifida)` leh `(Encephalocele)` te hi an dam thei a ni. Mahse, a hmaa kan sawi tawh angin nausen `(Anencephaly)` leh `(Iniencephaly)` vei te hi an pian tirh emaw, an pian hnu rei vak lovah emaw an thi fo thin.

Naute `(Spina Bifida),` a bik takin `(Myelomeningocele)` emaw `(Encephalocele),` vei te hi nerve tihchhiat theihna a sang hle. Hei hian paralysis ang chi dinhmun a thlen thei a ni. Nau piang laia nerve chhiatna leh hnathawh hloh hi a awm reng thin. Mahse, enkawlna hrang hrang a awm a, chu chuan chhiatna leh harsatna dang a thlen loh nan a pui thei a ni.

``Spina Bifida`` vei naute thenkhat chu harsatna nei lovin emaw, harsatna tenau tak tak neiin an dam thei a ni.

Engtin nge ka naute chu `(NTD)` neiin ka enkawl ang?

Hei hi hriat reng a pawimawh: NTD vei naute zawng zawng hi an inang vek lo. A bik takin naute Spina Bifida leh Encephalocele vei te hi a nghawng dan a inang lo. I naute hian engtin nge a nghawng dawn tih chiang taka sawi theih a ni lo. I tih theih tha ber chu i doctor nen i naute dinhmun chungchang sawipui la, an hnen atangin thurawn la rawh.

I fa chu a lo seilian chhoh zêl chuan, a mamawh enkawlna chi hrang hrang pe tûrin doctor team ṭanpuina a mamawh mai thei. I fate tan advocate a, damdawi lam enkawlna tha ber an dawn theih nan hmalak a pawimawh hle.

NTD chungchangah engtikah nge doctor ka hmuh ang?

I fa chu NTD neia piang a nih chuan a dam chhung zawng enkawl turin doctor emaw medical team emaw a pan fo a ngai dawn a ni.

Epilepsy emaw opioids emaw damdawi i ei a nih chuan naupai hmain i doctor nen inbia la, chu damdawi chuan i naupai lai a nghawng dan tur leh NTD nei naute i neih theih dan tur te zir rawh.

I naute hian ``(NTD)'' a nei tih i hriat chuan hlauhna leh mangang taka awm hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che. Nang leh i chhungte tanpui thei tur resources tam tak a awm a. I naute chu engtin nge a nghawng dawn tih leh a inbuatsaih dan tur hriat nan ``(NTDs)'' chungchang hre chiang doctor nen inbiakna neih a pawimawh hle.

A tawp berah chuan kan hriat reng tur thil (Take-Home Message) .

He sawihona hian ``Neural Tube Defects - NTDs'' chungchangah hian hriatthiamna engemaw chen a pe che u ka beisei. A pawimawh ber chu hengte hi hriat lawk a ni.

• (NTDs) hi nausen naupai kar tir lama naute thluak leh ruhroa awm thin, hmasawnna lama harsatna awm thin a ni.
• Heng natna laka invenna atan hian folic acid hi eitur pawimawh tak a ni. Naupai i tum atanga naupai thla hmasa ber atanga nitin folic acid ei hian NTDs hlauhawmna nasa takin a ti tlem thei a ni.
• Naupai lai hian ultrasound scan hmangin NTDs hi hriat theih a ni.
• NTD thenkhatah chuan enkawlna, surgery ang chi an neih laiin, natna khirh tak tak thenkhat erawh chuan damdawi an nei lo.
• NTDs chungchanga zawhna emaw, ngaihtuahna emaw i neih chuan i doctor nen inbia ngei ang che.

He thu hi i tan a \angkai ngei kan beisei. Naute hrisel nei turin chakna i hmu ang u!

` Neural Tube Defect, NTD, Spina Bifida, Anencephaly, Folic Acid, Naupai, Nau piangsual, Neural Tube chhiatna