Kum 40 i tlin hnuah pawh hnai taka hmuh harsa i ti em? Presbyopia chungchang hi han sawi ila!

Chanchinbu en te, lehkhabu chhiar te, i phone-a lem te te hmuh te pawh i harsat deuh em? Lehkhabu chhiar tur chuan hla deuh deuh i vawn a ngai mai thei em? A nih loh leh hna hnai taka hna i thawh hian i mit a na a, i chau em? A tam zawkah chuan hei hi tunlaia kan sawi mek dinhmun (Presbyopia) vang a ni. Hlauh tur a ni lo, natna a ni lo, mi tam tak kum upat deuh deuha an chunga thil thleng a ni.

Presbyopia chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin i hrethiam ang u!

A awlsam zawngin, presbyopia chu i tar chhoh zel a, i bula thil awmte chiang taka i ngaihtuah theihna i hloh zauh zauh hi a ni. Hei hi kan mit chhunga natural lens hian kan tar chhoh zel chuan a flexibility a hloh vang a ni.

Presbyopia hi kum 40 vel atanga tan a ni tlangpui a, chutah chuan zawi zawiin kum 60-65 vel thlengin a na zual thei a ni. Lehkhabu emaw, chanchinbu emaw chhiar emaw, needle thread emaw ang chi hna hnai tak thawh chu a hma aia harsa zawkin i hmu mai thei. Mi thenkhat tan chuan hei hian lu na a thlen thei a, mit a ti na thei a, mit a ti hah thei bawk.

A pawimawh ber chu, Presbyopia hi natna a ni lo. Tar chakna pianphung a ni. Kan sam a rawn sen ang bawkin. Mit chhunga refractive error a ni a, chu chu mit chhunga êng a focus dan a inthlak danglam deuh a ni. A tha ber chu glasses, contact lens emaw, surgery emaw hmanga awlsam taka siamthat theih a ni.

He natna hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm (Presbyopia)?

Presbyopia hi a awm fo thin. Nangmah chauh i ni lo, khawvel hmun hrang hranga mi maktaduai tam tak an ni. Kum 2015 thleng khan khawvel pumah mi tluklehdingawn 1.8 velin presbyopia an vei a ni. Zirchiangtute chuan kum 2030-ah chuan he zat hi tluklehdingawn 2.1 a tling tawh dawn niin an sawi. Chuvangin hei hi a hluar zia chu i hmu thei ang.

Presbyopia natna lan chhuahna chu engte nge ni? Hengte pawh hi i nei em tih en rawh!

En la, heng mizia te hi i nei em tih en rawh:

• Chhiar tur chuan êng tam zawk mamawh: Tunah chuan êng pangngaia i chhiar ṭhin thilte chhiar tûrin êng tam zâwk i mamawh niin i hria em?
• Distance pangngaia lehkha chhiar laiin mit hmuhna (blurred vision): Chanchinbu emaw lehkhabu emaw chu hmun pangngaia i vawn hian thuziak a chiang lo em ni?
• I thil chhiarte chu hla taka chelh a ngai: Hei hi mi tam takin mak an tih thil a ni. Chutiang hla takah chuan i phone emaw, i lehkhabu emaw i vawn a ngai em?
• Hna hnai tak thawh laiin lu na: Lehkhabu chhiar emaw, puan hna thawh emaw i tih hnuah lu na i nei em?
• Mit hrual: I mit a na em, a chhung lam atanga lak chhuah ang maiin i hria em, a nih loh leh i chau em?

Heng symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih chuan presbyopia vang pawh a ni thei.

Engvangin nge presbyopia kan neih? Eng nge a chhan?

Presbyopia lo awm chhan ber chu kan tar chhoh zel a kan mit a inthlak danglam thin vang a ni. Kan naupan lai, chu chu kan dam chhung kum sawmhnih hmasa berah hian kan mit chhunga lens hi a nem hle a, a flexible hle bawk. Hmun hla tak tak i en a, chutah rang taka thil hnai tak i en chuan he lens hian a pianzia a thlak nghal vat thei a ni. He theihna hi ``accommodation`` kan ti bawk. Hei vang hian light rays chu ``retina`` ah chiah a tla a, chiang takin kan hmu thin.

I mit kha camera angin ngaihtuah rawh. Camera lens hian thil hnai tak tak leh thil hla tak takah autofocus a nei thei a. Kan mit lens leh mit hmalam hmun langtlang tak, cornea an tih te nen chuan he mit hmuhna chiang tak hi a pe a ni. Presbyopia hriatthiam nan he thil kalphung hi tlem tal hriat a \angkai hle ang:

1. Mit chhunga êng a luh rualin mitmeng (cornea) chu a pianphungah a inbeng kang.

2. Tichuan, lens vel ring ang maia thau te tak te chu a inzawm khawm emaw, a relax emaw a ni. He thiltih hian lens pianzia a tidanglam a, thil hnai emaw hla tak emaw chu a focus theih phah a ni. Thil chu a hlat chuan taksa ruh chu a relax thin. A hnaih chuan taksa ruh chu a inzawm khawm thin.

3. Retina-ah êng a tla. Hei hi mit hnung lama membrane awm a ni . Hei hian êng chu electrical signal-ah a chantir a ni.

4. Optic nerve hian heng signal te hi thluak ah a phur lut thin. Chutah chuan a lem kan hmu ta a ni.

Kan tar chhoh zel chuan kan mit lens chu a lo thang lian zel a. Onion ang maiin cell layer thar a awm bawk. Hei hian lens a ti thick a, a flexibility a hloh thin. Chuvang chuan light chu retina-ah a focus tha lo hle. Hei hi kan hnaih ber thilte chu a hlimthla ang maia lang tan a ni. Hei hi presbyopia thlentu ber a ni.

Tute nge presbyopia vei theihna sang zawk?

Risk factor ber chu kum 40 chunglam nih hi a ni . Mahse, damdawi leh natna thenkhat hian kum 40 hnuai lam tan presbyopia a thlen thei a, hei hi "premature presbyopia" emaw ``premature presbyopia'' emaw kan ti a ni.

Presbyopia vei theihna tur risk factors te chu:

• Hmun hla tak atanga thlir theihna (Hyperopia) neih.
• Damdawi thenkhat hman dan. Entirnan, allergy tan antihistamine leh depression tan antidepressant te.
• Natna thenkhat neih. Entirnan: Diabetes Mellitus, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Lung leh thisen zam natna.

Engtin nge presbyopia i vei tih i hriat theih ang?

Mit lam doctor, chu chu mit lama tui doctor chuan mit enfiahna hmangin presbyopia chu dik takin a hmu thei a ni.

He test-a thil pawimawh tak pakhat chu ``refraction assessment`` an ti a.He test hian hlat zawng hrang hranga i hmuh theih dan a teh a ni. He test hian i doctor hnenah presbyopia, mit lama harsatna dang astigmatism, nearsightedness (Myopia) emaw farsightedness (Hyperopia) emaw i neih leh neih loh a hriattir thei a ni.

Presbyopia damdawi hi engte nge ni?

I hriselna dinhmun, nunphung, leh i duhzawng a zirin, i mit lam doctor chuan a hnuaia tih dan pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw a rawn rawt thei ang:

• Eyeglasses a awm bawk
• Contact lens hmanga siam a ni
• Surgery neih a ni
• Mit a tlakbuak

Chung zinga pakhat zel chu chipchiar deuhin han sawi ila.

Eyeglasses a awm bawk

Tun hmain mitdelna dang atan glasses i hmang tawh emaw, tunah hian i mit inthlak danglam zel nena inmil glasses chi khat nuam zawka inthlak hun a ni mai thei. Hengte hi duhthlan tur thenkhat chu a ni:

• Reading glasses / Readers: Hengte hi mi hnai tak (Myopia), hla tak tak (Hyperopia), emaw astigmatism nei tan chuan a tha ber. Readers hi damdawi dawrah counter hmangin i lei thei bawk. Mahse, i doctor hnenah eng magnification power nge i tan a tha tih zawt la a tha ber. A dang pawhin mit pahnih nena inmil tura siam prescription reading glasses i la thei bawk.
• Bifocals: Heng glasses hi presbyopia atana pek fo thin te hi lens khatah hian prescription pahnih an nei a. Lens chunglam hian distance vision a pui a, a hnuai lam a te zawk hian near vision a pui bawk.
• Trifocals: Hengte hian lens pathum an nei a, pakhat chu near vision atan, pakhat chu intermediate vision atan (feet thum vel a hla), pakhat chu distance vision atan a ni.
• Progressives: Hengte hi multifocal lens an ni a, bifocal ang chi an ni. Mahse, damdawi pakhat atanga damdawi dang a inthlakna chu zawi zawiin a awm thin. Mi tam tak chuan an glasses chhunga line awmte chu an duh loh avangin progressive an thlang thin.
• Office progressives: Heng glasses te hi office chhunga hnaih taka hnathawhna atana siam a ni. Chu chu computer-a hnathawh, ziak, etc. i dawhkan atanga i tho chuan hla taka en turin i phelh a ngai a ni.

Contact Lens hmanga siam a ni

Presbyopia i neih chuan contact lens chi hrang hrang a awm a, chu chuan i mit a ti fiah thei a ni. I hmuh nuam ber tur lens chi chu thlang rawh:

• Bifocal contact lens: ``bifocal`` lens dik tak hian focal point pahnih, a tlangpuiin hnai leh hla takah a pui thin. ``soft`` emaw ``gas-permeable`` chi hrang hrangah an awm a.
• Multifocal contact lens hmanga siam a ni:``Multifocal`` lens hi ``Bifocal`` lens nen a inang a, hming pahnih hi a inthlak danglam fo thin. Mahse, ``Multifocal`` lens hian focal point pahnih aia tam a keng tel thei a, chu chu feet thum vel a hla intermediate zone tihna a ni. Hengte hi soft leh hard type-ah pawh a awm bawk.
• Monovision contact lens: ``Monovision'' lens set-ah chuan mit pakhata lens hian hla tak a hmuh theih nan a pui a, mit dang a lens hian hnai taka hmuh theih nan a pui bawk. I thluak hian he system hi a insiamrem zauh zauh ang a, mahse i hlim theih nan kar hnih vel a la ngai thei.
• Modified monovision contact lens: Hetiang method ah hian mit pakhatah hnai emaw hla tak emaw hmuh theihna tur lens i vuah a, mit dangah chuan hla zawng zawng atan ``multifocal'' lens i vuah bawk.

Surgery neih a ni

Operation tih leh tih loh i rel hmain i mit hriselna te, chhungkaw damdawi lam chanchin te, leh i nunphung te chu i doctor nen sawiho hmasa phawt ang che. `(Readers)` chauh hmangtute tan chuan surgery hlauhawmna hian a hlawkna a tluk phah thei.

Heng laser procedure pathum te hian presbyopia hi monovision method hmangin an siam tha a (mit pakhat chu hla takah a awm a, mit dang chu a hnai a ni):

• LASIK surgery: ``Laser in-situ keratomileusis / LASIK'' hi surgical procedure lar tak a ni a, mi mit hmuhna (Myopia), mitdelna (Hyperopia), emaw astigmatism nei te mit hmuhna siamthatna atana hman thin a ni.
• PRK Surgery: Hmuh theihna (Myopia), hmun hla tak (Hyperopia) leh/ emaw astigmatism level hniam emaw sang emaw i neih chuan Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery hi a tha hle mai thei.
• SMILE surgery: `(Small-incision lenticule extraction / SMILE)` surgery-ah chuan surgeon chuan laser beam nalh tak hmangin i mitmeng chhungah disk ang maia tissue siamin incision te tak te hmangin a la chhuak thin.

Presbyopia tan mittui tlakna tur

Presbyopia vei thenkhat tan chuan eye drop hi a tha hle. Eye drops pilocarpine (Vuity® ang chi) awmna hian i mit a ti tlem a, i depth of focus a ti sang a, near vision a ti tha bawk. Hengte hi U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-in presbyopia atana a pawmpui hmasak berte an ni. Side effect langsar ber chu sen leh lu na a ni. Zanah pawh hmuh harsatna engemaw zat i nei thei bawk.

Zirna thenkhatah chuan heng mittui tlak dan leh retinal detachment hi inzawmna a awm tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Hetiang natna hi i lo vei tawh a nih chuan, emaw, a hlauhawmna i neih chuan, he enkawlna hi i tan a tha em tih leh a hlauhawmna tur chu i doctor nen sawiho rawh.

Presbyopia i neih chuan eng nge beisei tur?

I mit doctor nen i symptoms te leh i nitin nun a nghawng dan te sawipui rawh. I tana enkawlna tha ber ber zawng turin a pui thei che a ni. I mamawh leh nunphung nena inmil ber i hmuh hma loh chuan kawng hrang hrang i enchhin a ngai mai thei.

Presbyopia hi kan veng thei ang em?

Vanduaithlak takin presbyopia hi tar chakna pianphung a nih avangin ven kim theih a ni lo. Tar kan titawp thei lo ang bawkin, i mit hriselna venhimna tur thil i tih theih a awm. Tips thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• UV rays tha lo laka i mit ven nan sunglass vuah thin ang che.
• Mit hriselna atana tha tur nutrient nei ei tur, a bik takin vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, leh lutein te awmna ei tur te ei thin ang che.
• Computer vision syndrome hi hre reng la, mit natna tihziaawmna turin nitin nunphung tihdanglam rawh.

Engtikah nge damdawi lam thurawn ka lak ang?

Presbyopia symptoms i neih chuan, emaw, i mit lama harsatna dang i neih chuan mit doctor pan ngei ngei tur a ni. Mit hmuh lohna hi thil dang tam tak chhinchhiahna a ni thei bawk. Chuvangin, a chhan dik tak hriat theih nan i mit chu mithiam (specialist)-in enfiah tir a pawimawh hle.

Symptoms nei lo mah la, mit leh mit enfiah reng reng a tha. I mit i enfiah fo tur chu i kum, mit hriselna leh i damdawi lam harsatna hnuaia awm thei zawng zawngah a innghat tlangpui. Puitling tam zawk chuan kum khat emaw kum hnih emaw chhungin mit enfiah an ngai thin. I mit doctor hnenah eng interval nge i tan a tha tih zawt rawh.

(Presbyopia) leh (Hyperopia) (hla hla tak) te hi eng nge an danglamna?

Presbyopia leh hyperopia te hi refractive error an ni a, thil hnai tak takte chu a hlimthla angin a lang. Chu chu êng focus-na lama tihsual tihna a ni. Mahse, heng pahnih chhan bulpui ber hi a inang lo hle.

• Presbyopia hi i mit lens hian a flexibility a hloh vang a ni.
• Hyperopia hi i mitmeng a te lutuk vang emaw, i mitmeng a flat lutuk vang emaw a ni.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, a pahnih hian hmuh a harsa a, chhan pahnih vang a ni.

Presbyopia leh Myopia hi a awm dun thei em?

Ni e, a theih ngei ang. Tin, a awm fo bawk. Myopia hi i mit chu a pianphungah a over-focused tihna a ni. Chuvangin, thil hnai tak takte chu chiang takin a lang a, thil hla tak takte erawh chu a fiah lo hle thung.

Mahse, Myopia i vei a, kum 40 aia upa i nih chuan glasses emaw contact lens emaw i vuah pawhin Presbyopia natna hi i hre tan thei a ni. Ngaihtuah buai suh, i mit doctor chuan i lens prescription chu Presbyopia leh Myopia pahnih te nena inmil turin a siamrem thei a ni.

Presbyopia hi tar chakna pangngai a ni. Mahse chu chuan i nitin hnathawhna a nghawng hma chu nghah a ngai tihna erawh a ni lo. Mit hmuh lohna emaw, mit lama harsatna dang emaw i neih chuan mit doctor pan nghal rawh. Presbyopia hi natna a ni lo a, mahse a natna lan chhuah dan chu natna khirh tak, enkawl vat ngai nen a inang thei a ni. I doctor chuan i harsatna chu a hmuchhuak thei ang a, i mamawh enkawlna a pe thei ang che.

Hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, chuvangin kan sawi tawh atang khan i hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte chu han sawi nawn leh ila:

• Presbyopia chu kum 40 kan tlin hnua mit hmuhna hnai tak hloh hi a ni a , hei hi natna a ni lo va, kan tar chhoh zel chuan mit lens a insiamrem loh vang a ni zawk.
• A lan chhuah dan chu hla tak a\anga chanchinbu emaw lehkhabu emaw chelh a ngaih te, eng tam zawk mamawh te, leh lu na te a ni thei.
• Hei hi a hluar hle. Nangmah chauh i ni lo, khawvela mi tam takin hetiang hi an nei.
• A tha ber chu hei hi a chinfel dan awlsam tak a awm a ni. He natna hi glasses, contact lens hmanga control theih a ni a, surgery emaw mittui tlakna emaw pawh a ni thei.
• Heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan mit lam doctor pan ngei ang. I tan solution dik tak an thlang ang.
• I mit kha fimkhur rawh. Chaw ei tha la, sunglass vuah la, i mit enfiah fo bawk ang che.

Chuvangin, tunah chuan (Presbyopia) chungchang hi in hriatthiam ka beisei. Hei hi i nunah i pawm thei a, fimkhur tur tul tak tak i la thei a, i hna chu nuam takin i chhunzawm thei bawk!

` Presbyopia, hnai taka mit hmuhna, presbyopia, mittui tlakna, contact lens, mit hriselna, mitdelna