Khawvela thil mawi tak tak i hmu a, i hmangaih te hmel i hrechiang a, i mit ngeiin lehkhabu i chhiar thin a ni lawm ni? Kan mit hi thilsiam mak tak a ni tak zet a ni. High-tech camera ang maiin. Chuvangin he camera chhungah hian êng chu image-ah a chantir thei film a awm a, camera thara sensor a awm bawk. Damdawi lamah chuan hei hi retina kan ti a ni. Vawiin hian he thilmak te tak te, i mit hmuhna atana pawimawh tak hi i zir belh leh ang u.
A awlsam zawngin, retina chu eng nge ni?
Retina hi i mitmeng hnung lama nerve cells sensitive tak, thin layer a ni. Thil i en chuan chu thil atanga êng chu i mitah a lut a, he retina-ah hian a tla nghal a ni.
Pangpar mawi tak i en ang maiin han mitthla teh. Pangpar atanga light rays lo chhuak chu i mit lens kaltlangin retina-ah a innghat a ni. Tichuan thil mak tak mai a lo thleng ta a. Retina chhunga cell bik (heng photoreceptors kan ti thin) te hian he êng hi electrical nerve signal ah an chantir thin. Camera sensor hian light chu digital data-ah a chantir ang bawkin.
Tichuan heng nerve signal te hi nerve bik optic nerve an tih hmangin thluak lamah direct in an kal a ni. Thluak chuan heng signal te hi a zirchiang a, "Aw... hei hi rose sen a ni," a ti che a ni. Hetiang thil thleng zawng zawng hi mit khap kar lek chhungin a thleng vek a ni. Mak a ni lo maw?
Chu chu retina hi mit leh thluak inkar kawngpui pawimawh tak ang mai a ni tihna a ni. He kawngpui hi tlemte pawh a chhiat chuan khawvel kan hmuh dan hi a danglam thei a, kan mit hmuhnaah hian hmun dum a awm thei a, a nih loh leh kan mit a hloh vek thei bawk.
Retina peng lian pahnih chu engte nge ni?
Kan retina hi hmunpui pahnih ah then theih a ni. An pahnih hian hna hrang hrang an nei a.
1. Macula: Hei hi a laiah retina hmun te tak te, mit hmuhna fiah ber pe theitu a ni. Macula hian lehkhabu chiang taka chhiar theihna te, hmel lan dan hriat theihna te, car khalh theihna te, leh thil tha tak tak, needle thread ang chi te a ti thei a ni. He part hi rawng chiang taka hmuh theih nan pawh a pawimawh hle.
2. Peripheral Retina: Hei hi macula vel hmun zau tak kan tih chu a ni. He part hian peripheral vision min pe a. Kawngpuiah chuan hmalam hawi nghal maiin i kal ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Macula avang hian i hmaa mi chu chiang takin i hmu thei. Chutih rual chuan, a sir atanga bus emaw bicycle emaw lo kal pawh i hmu thei lo. Chu peripheral vision chu peripheral retina hian a pe a ni. He hmun hi a ni bawk a, thim zingah thil i hmuh theih nan a pui bawk.
Natna leh dinhmun tlanglawn tak tak, retina tibuaitu
Vanduaithlak takin kan retina hlu tak tichhe thei natna chi hrang hrang a awm a. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu enkawl vat loh chuan mitdelna nghet tak a thlen thei hial a ni. Chuvangin hei hi hriat chian a pawimawh.
| Damdawi lam dinhmun | A sawifiahna awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| Kum upat avanga Macular Degeneration a awm | Kum upat deuh deuh chuan macula a chak lo deuh deuh chuan central vision (hma lam hawia mit hmuhna) chu a fiah lo hle. |
| Zunthlum kaihhnawih Retinopathy | Diabetes hian retina-a thisen kalna kawng a tichhia a. Hei hi mitdelna thlentu lian tak a ni. |
| Hypertensive Retinopathy (thisen sang vanga mit natna) . | Thisen sang control loh vanga retina chhunga thisen kalna kawng a chhiat. |
| Retinal Detachment leh Mittui te | Retina hi a hnuaia tissue atang hian a inthlak danglam thin. Hei hi medical emergency a ni. |
| Macular Hole / Macular Pucker tih a ni | Macula-a khur te tak te emaw, wrinkle emaw awm vangin mit hmuhna (straight line hmuh ang chi) a awm. |
| Retinal Bleeding - Thisen chhuak | Retinal blood vessels a rupture a, chhan hrang hrang avangin thisen a chhuak thin. |
| Retinal Vein/Artery tihkhawtlai a ni | Mit hnena thisen pe chhuaktu thisen kalna kawngkhar (blockage) a awm. Hei hi "eye stroke" an ti bawk. |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa a awm thei | Hun kal zelah mit hmuhna a tichak lo zauh zauh thin hereditary condition. |
| Ni zung hmanga mit natna (Solar Retinopathy) a ni | Invenna tel lova ni lam direct-a en hian retina a tichhia thei a ni. |
| Mit Cancer awm thei te | Entirnan, retinoblastoma, naupang tê têah a awm ṭhin. |
Retinal problem a awm tih tilangtu symptoms te chu engte nge ni?
I mit emaw, i mit hmuh danah inthlak danglamna i hmuh chuan ngaihthah suh. A hnuaia chhinchhiahna pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih chuan a rang thei ang bera doctor, a bik takin mit lam doctor pan tur a ni.
| Symptom a ni | Hrilhfiahna |
|---|---|
| Mit hmuhna (blurred or distorted vision) a awm | Thil chiang taka hmuh loh, line dik tak hmuh. |
| Tunnel Vision a ni | Tube hmanga en ang mai a ni a, mit hmuhna sir lehlamah a bo vek. |
| Mitmeng (Et Floaters) te | I mit hmaah spider web, dot, line ang chi thil a lo inhnim pil ang maia inhriatna. Ngaihtuah rawh, a bîk takin chûngte chu a lo pung nghâl a nih chuan . |
| Mit a rawn eng chhuak | I mit kil khata êng hmuh, lightning bolt emaw camera flash ang chi. |
| Mitdel Hmun / Curtain | I en lai hmun thenkhat chu a bo emaw, i mit hmaah screen dum a tla ang maia hriatna emaw a awm. |
| Double Vision a awm | Thil pakhat pahnih anga lang. |
| Eng en harsa (Light Sensitivity) . | Eng pangngai pawhin mit a tuar theih loh khawpin a eng lutuk niin a hria. |
Engtin nge doctor hian retina hi a enfiah thin?
Mit lam doctor i hmuh hunah chuan i mit (retina) enfiah nan kawng hrang hrang a hmang ang.
- Dilation: I doctor chuan i mitmengah damdawi tlemte a dah ang a, chu chuan i mit chu a tizau ang a, chutiang chuan i mit (retina) chu chiang takin i hmu thei ang. Chumi hnuah darkar engemaw zat chu i mit a fiah lo deuh thei.
- Slit Lamp Exam: Microscope bik leh light hmangin mit hmalam zawng zawng, hnunglam atanga retina thlengin an enfiah thin.
- Fundoscopy / Ophthalmoscopy: Kut hmanga hmanraw, mit chhunga êng luhtirtu, mitmeng (retina, optic nerve), leh thisen kalna kawngte enfiahna hmanrua a ni.
- Fundus Photography: Camera bik hmangin retina chu high-resolution thlalak a la a. Hei hi natna dinhmun enfiahna atan a pawimawh hle.
Engtin nge kan mit (retina) hi kan enkawl ang?
"Mit pahnih angin i mit humhim rawh" kan ti lo. Chuvangin, i mit venhimtu i retina te chu a hrisel theih nan heng thilte hi ti ngei ang che.
- I mit enfiah fo rawh: Glass i vuah emaw, i vuah lo emaw, kum khatah vawi khat emaw vawi hnih emaw tal mit lam doctor hnenah i mit enfiah tir rawh .
- Zunthlum emaw, thisen sang emaw i neih chuan: Heng natnate hian mit a nghawng nghal avangin kum khatah vawi khat i mit enfiah a pawimawh hle . I doctor-in a tih angin i natna chu control rawh.
- Ei leh in tha tak nei rawh: Vitamin A, C, E, leh zinc tamna eitur te hi mit tan a tha hle. I ei tur ah hian thlai hring (spinach, kale), carrot, sweet potato, orange, leh sangha te telh la.
- Taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh: Taksa rihna control hian zunthlum leh thisen sang ang chi natna lakah a veng thei a ni.
- Ni laka i mit venghim rawh: Pawn lama i chhuah dawnin UV rays laka vengtu sunglass tha tak ha la. Ni lam chu direct-in en suh.
- Safety glasses vuah: I mit tana hlauhawmna awmna hmunah te, infiamna i khelh lai te, welding i tih lai te, machinery hmanga hnathawh lai te hian safety glasses vuah ngei ang che.
- I mit hmuhna inthlak danglamna chu ngaihthah suh: I mit hmuhna chu zawi zawiin a chhe zel ang tih i hriat pawhin, tar chhinchhiahna mai maiah ngai suh. A chhan hriat tumin doctor pan rawh.
Doctor pan vat vat a ngaih huna dinhmunte!
Hei hi a pawimawh hle. A hnuaia thilte hi i tawn chuan hun khawhral suh la , damdawi in hnai ber Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ah kal rawh . Chûngte chu emergency chhinchhiahna a ni thei a, chu chu retina inṭhen ang chi a ni. Enkawl vat chuan i mit a chhanhim thei a ni.
I mit hmuhna i hloh nghal a nih chuan, i mit hmaah hmun dum tam tak a lo inher chhuak nghal a nih chuan, lightning ang maia êng i hmuh chhunzawm zel a nih chuan, emaw, i mit hmaah puan dum a tla ang maia i hriat chuan damdawi inah kal nghal rawh.
Heng chhinchhiahnate ngaihthah hian mitdelna nghet tak pawh a thlen thei a ni. Chuvangin hlau suh, hlau suh, a rang thei ang bera damdawi lam thurawn zawng rawh.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Retina hi mit chhunga thil pawimawh ber, mit hnung lama awm, êng chu nerve signal-ah a chantir a, thluak lamah a thawn chhuak a ni. Camera chhunga sensor awm ang mai a ni.
- I retina a hrisel phawt chuan mit chiang leh fiah tak i nei thei ang.
- Zunthlum leh thisen sang hi natna chi hrang hrang a ni a, mit (retina) nasa takin a tichhe thei a ni. Heng natna te hi i vei a nih chuan kum khatah vawi khat tal mit endik a pawimawh.
- I mit hmaa hmun dum (black spot) lo tla, êng eng, emaw, i mit hmuhna hmun thenkhat khuh screen dum emaw ang chi symptoms i neih nghal chuan emergency a ni. Damdawi in pakhat Emergency Department (ETU) ah kal nghal rawh.
- I mit hmuha inthlak danglamna reng reng chu ngaihthah suh, zawi zawiin a awm pawh ni se. Mit doctor hnenah thurawn pe rawh. I mit hmuhna hlu tak humhalh chu i kutah a awm a ni.
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