I luruh chungchang hengte hi i hria em? Kan sawi dun teh ang!

I lu chhunga he venhimna mak tak hi i ngaihtuah ngai em? Ni e, i luruh chungchang ka sawi a ni. Ruh chi khat chauh a ni lo va, chu aia tam a ti thei. Vawiin hian he thu hi awlsam tak leh ngilnei takin kan sawi dawn em ni?

Scabies hi eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin...

A awlsam zawngin, i luruh chu i ruhro chunga ruh khuh , i thluak hualtu leh humhimtu a ni . Helmet ang mai a ni. Chu mai ni lovin, i hriatna peng lian engemaw zat, i mit, beng, hnar leh lei te pawh a awm bawk. Doctor-te chuan luruh hi ``cranium'' an ti bawk.

Ngaihtuah teh, kan pian tirh hian kan luruh hi a insiam kim lo. A hmun thenkhat chu i hmu tawh mai thei, a bik takin naute te lu chung lamah, ``fontanelles'' an ti a, hengte hi a nêm deuh a, a pliable deuh bawk. Heng ``fontanelles'' te hi naute thluak leh luruh te hi a lo thang lian a, a lo thanglian thei a ni.

Tin, luruh chhungah hian ruh inzawmkhawmna hmun a awm bawk. Puan seam ang maiin. Chungte chu ``sutures'' an ti a, heng ``sutures'' inzawmnate hi kan dam chhung zawngin a danglam thei a, a then chu kan naupan laiin an fuse khawm a, thenkhat erawh chu kum 60 vel kan tlin hma chuan an fuse lo mai thei.

Chuti a nih chuan, lu vun hi engtin nge a awm?

I lu vun hian hna pawimawh pahnih a nei a.

1. Invenna: Hei hi a pawimawh ber a ni. I thluak bakah i taksa peng sensitive tak tak, i mit leh beng ang chi te chu he ruh khuhna hian pawn lam hlauhawm lakah a venghim a ni. Thil hlu tak bawm chhunga dah ang mai a ni.

2. Shape leh Structure: I luruh hian i hmai leh lu chu a pianzia danglam tak a pe a ni . Tin, i hmai ruh te chu i luruh ruh ah a inzawm tlat bawk. Chuvangin, i luruh hi i hmel lan dan tur tichiangtu lian tak a ni.

Luruh hi engte nge ni?

I luruh hi i kawr chhungah a awm a, i ruhro chung lamah a innghat a ni. Ruh pakhat ang maia lang mah se, a lu ruh hian hmunpui pahnih a nei a.

• Thluak khuh tu (`neurocranium` emaw `calvarium`): Hei hi i thluak vel venhimna khuhtu a ni.
• Facial skeleton (`viscerocranium`): He part hian i hmai hmun hrang hrang, i hnar leh i hmui te chu a thlawp a, a chelh tlat bawk.

Tûnah hian hêng ṭhen hnih hi chipchiar deuhin han sawi ila.

Engtin nge thluak khuh tu part (`neurocranium`) hi a lo awm?

He part hian ``calvarium'' an tih part hi a huam ber a ni. A chhunga ruh awmte chu:

• Frontal bone: Hei hi ruh pakhat, chhe lo a ni. I hmai chu shape a pe thin.
• Sphenoid bone: Hei hi ruh pakhat a ni. I thluak hnuai leh hmaah a awm a, mahse i hmai ruh hnung lamah a awm thung. I mitmeng hnuai lam hnunglam a siam bawk.
• Ethmoid bone: Hei pawh hi ruh pakhat a ni. Thluak hmalam hnuai lam a awm a, sphenoid ruh chhunga thinlung ang maia hmun a luah khat a ni.
• Temporal bones: Heng zinga pahnih hi a awm a, lu sir lehlamah a awm. Ruh tin hian kawngkhar te tak te a nei a, chuta tang chuan i beng kawng chu luruh kal tlangin a kal tlang a ni.
• Parietal bones: Hengte hi pair a ni. Sagittal suture an tih seam hmanga inzawmkhawm an ni. Heng ruhte hian i luruh chunglam, a lailam leh a hnunglam chunglam a siam a ni.
• Occipital bone: Hei hi ruh pakhat, chhe lo a ni. I luruh hnungzang hnuai lamah a awm a ni.

Engtin nge hmai ruh (`viscerocranium`) hi a lo awm?

Facial skeleton hi i luruh hma lamah a awm a. Ruh chi khat atanga siam a ni. He ruh khawlkhawm hian i hmai a thlawp a, a pianzia a pe bawk. Eng nge an nih i en ang u?

• Hnar ruh: Hengte hian i hnar bridge a siam a. An chung lamah tlem an thu a, maxilla leh ethmoid ruh hmalam te nen an thu dun bawk.
• Vomer ruh: He ruh hi i hnar hnung lama hnar kawngkhar hnuai lam ang a ni.
• Lacrimal bones: Hengte hian i mitmeng chhung lam hnuai lam, a lai lam a siam a.
• Palatine ruh: Hengte hian i mitmeng hnuai lamah hnah te tak te an siam a.
• Zygomatic bones: Heng ruhte hian i hmui ruh pawn lam, hnuai lam kil a siam a.
• Maxilla: Hei hi ruh pakhat a ni. I hmui pahnih lai tak a siam a ni. I mitmeng lai tak, hnuai lam, hmalam lam pawh a siam bawk. I upper jaw pawh a siam bawk. Ethmoid ruh hmalam atanga sang deuhah a thu a.
• Mandible: Hei pawh hi ruh pakhat a ni. I lower jaw a siam a ni. Luruh chhunga ruh che thei awmchhun a ni.

Ngaihtuah teh, heng ruh zawng zawng hi an inzawm khawm a, kan lu leh hmai an siam a ni. Thilsiam mak tak a ni lo maw?

Lu vun tichhe thei dinhmun leh natna tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Vanduaithlak takin kan lu vun hian natna chi hrang hrang leh harsatna chi hrang hrang a nei thei bawk. Chung zinga tam tak chu congenital conditions , pian tirh atanga awm tihna a ni. Entirna tlemte chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Anencephaly (thluak awm lohna hmun thenkhat emaw, a awm loh vek emaw) .
• `(Apert syndrome)` tih a ni
• `(Carpenter syndrome)` tih a ni
• `(Cleidocranial dysplasia)`
• `(Craniosynostosis)` (Lruruh suture te chu a hun hmaa khar) .
• `(Crouzon natna)`
• Encephalocele (thluak hmun thenkhat luruh atanga chhuak) .
• `(Goldenhar natna)`
• `(Hmei lam microsmia)`
• Microcephaly (lu te tak te) .
• Micrognathia (a hnuai lam hmui te tak te) .
• `(Pfeiffer natna)`
• `(Prognathism)` (A hmui atanga chhuak) .
• `(Scaphocephaly)`

Heng pianpui natna bakah hian hliam leh damdawi lam thil, lu vun tichhe thei te hi dam chhung engtik lai pawhin a thleng thei a ni. Entir nan:

• Temporomandibular joint natna (TMJ natna) te hi a awm thei lo.
• Tumor leh cancer awm thei (a then chu jaw cancer an ni thei) .
• Ha hliam, hmui tliak emaw, hmui tliak emaw ang chi
• Luru ruh tliak leh/ emaw a kaihhnawih concussion leh traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) .

Lu vun natna lan chhuah dan tlangpui chu engte nge ni?

Heng symptoms te hi a inang lo thei hle. Congenital conditions-ah chuan lu vun hmel leh/ emaw, a than danah inthlak danglamna a awm tlangpui a, chu chuan hmai emaw lu emaw-ah hmel danglam tak a siam thei a ni.

Hetiang symptoms hi non-congenital, i.e., later-onset conditions avanga lo awm thei a ni:

• Lu na , a bik takin migraines
• Jaw emaw jaw pain atanga "click" ri
• Brain-related symptoms , rilru buai emaw coma emaw ang chi
• Bruises, a bik takin pattern bik nei, "raccoon eyes" ang chi (hei hi luruh tliak chhinchhiahna pawimawh tak a ni thei)

Lu vun enfiahna atana test tih tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Diagnostic imaging test hrang hrang hi lu vun natna hriat nan hman a ni ber. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• X-ray te, ha X-ray te pawh a tel
• CT scan hmanga tih a ni
• MRI test `(MRI)` tih a ni

Genetic condition rinhlelhna a awm chuan doctor-te chuan genetic test neih an rawt tlangpui. Hei hian genetic abnormalities eng pawh a hmuchhuak thei. Hei hian diagnosis dik tak neih theihna kawngah a pui thei a ni.

Test dang pawh i symptoms, health history leh thil dang a zirin tih theih a ni. I doctor hi eng test nge i tana tha ber tih leh engvangin nge tih a nih tih hrilh turin mi tha ber a ni.

Lu vun natna enkawlna tur engte nge ni?

Lu vun natna enkawlna chu i dinhmun a zirin a innghat. I hriselna, mimal chanchin leh i chhehvel pawhin hmun a chang thei bawk. I dinhmun bik atana enkawlna tur awmte chu doctor zawt la a tha ber.

Ka lu vun ven nan enge ka tih theih ang?

I lu vun venna tha ber chu hliam laka ven hi a ni. Heng thilte hian a pui ang:

• Lirthei a chuang dawnin seat belt vuah fo ang che. Car accident-a lu hliam laka invenna tha ber a ni.
• Helmet leh safety gear dang bun tur a ni.Hengte hi cycling leh rollerblading ang chi activity atan a pawimawh hle. Hna thenkhatah pawh tih ngei ngei tur (mandatory) an ni.
• Ha enkawlna mumal nei rawh. Ha enkawltu pan fo hian ha emaw, ha emaw harsatna chu a nasat hmain a hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni (i ha hi i luruh nen direct-a inzawm a nih avangin).
• Symptoms awm reng chu ngaihthah suh. I lu vun, i mit, i hnar, i hmui emaw, i beng emaw tichhe thei symptoms awm reng i neih chuan ngaihthah suh. Symptoms awm reng thenkhat chu lu vun leh thluak thlenga darh thei harsatna hnuaia awm chhinchhiahna a ni thei.

Kan luruh hi kan theihnghilh fo thin a ni lawm ni? Mahse he complex, bony structure hi i thluak (leh nangmah, leh i thil tih zawng zawng) humhimtu a ni. Chumi awmzia chu i luruh venhim hi a chhunga thil awm zawng zawng venhimna pawimawh ber pakhat a ni tihna a ni.

A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

I luruh hi i lu vel ruh inzawm mai ni lovin a tam zawk. I thluak a venghim a, i hmai a siam a, i hriatna pengte a thlawp bawk. Nausen atanga a lo thanlen dan hi a mak khawp mai.

Chuvangin, i lu vun hi enkawl tha rawh. Hriselna dan zawm la, chetsualna pumpelh rawh. Ha enkawltu tlawh fo thin ang che. A chhan chu, fimkhur leh fimkhur deuh deuh chuan i lu leh a chhunga thil hlu ber berte chu i humhim thei a ni. Hrethiam e? Chuvangin, i lu vun chungchanga zawhna i la neih chuan doctor biak pawh hlau ngai suh.

` Luru, lu, lu, thluak, ruh, lu, hmai ruh