He hrik hlauhawm tak "Superbug" an tih hi eng nge a nih chiang takin i zawng chhuak ang u?

Chanchinbuah emaw, TV-ah emaw, mimal takin emaw heng "superbugs" chungchang hi mi pakhatin a sawi i hre tawh ngei ang? He hming i hriat hian tlem a ti hlauthawng takzet a ni lawm ni? "Superbug" tih hi eng nge a awmzia? Hei hi a hlauhawm tak tak em? Vawiin hian he thu hi chipchiar takin, awlsam takin, i hriatthiam theih angin kan sawi dawn a ni.

"Superbug" tih hi eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin...

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, "superbug" tih hi natna enkawlna atana kan pek damdawi, a bik takin antibiotics laka do thei, awlsam taka tihchhiat theih loh microbe chi khat a ni. Hengte hi "multidrug-resistant microbes" an ti bawk a, damdawi chi hrang hrang lakah an do thei tihna a ni.

Ngaihtuah teh, bacteria infection i nei a, doctor-in damdawi a pe che a. A tlangpuiin damdawi hian bacteria chu a that thin. Mahse, hei hi "superbug" chi bacteria a nih chuan damdawi nen a "adapted" tawh a ni. Chuvangin i pe a nih pawhin a thi lovang. Chutah chuan buaina chu a intan ta a ni. Indonaa kan luh dawnin ralthuam kan hman tur atan hmelma chu kan inbuatsaih lawk ang mai a ni.

Heng "superbugs" te hi bacteria ah an awm tam ber . Chu chu, antibiotics chi hrang hrang do thei tura lo piang chhuak bacteria an ni fo tihna a ni. Mahse, fungi thenkhat chu antifungal damdawi laka inven thei "superbugs" an lo ni thei bawk.

Engvangin nge doctor-te'n, "Antibiotics hi an tih ang chiah chiah, hun dik takah ei rawh," tih leh "I mamawh loh laiin antibiotics ei suh" an tih fo thin tih hi i ngaihtuah ngai em? Chutianga an tih chhan ber chu heng "superbugs" te hi an lo thang lian zel loh nan a ni.

Pathogens te hi antibiotics an ei nawn fo hian an pumpelh dan thar an zawng chhuak thin. Kawngpui khata kan kal lai hian nitin min rawn ambush tur nghaktu rukru ang mai a ni. Chuvangin, damdawi tam tak do thei "superbug" kan taksaah hian lut ta se, nunna atana hlauhawm tak a ni thei a, enkawl theih loh pawh a ni thei.

"Superbugs" chi hrang hrang awm tam ber chu engte nge ni?

Bacteria eng pawhin antibiotic resistance a nei thei a, mahse bacteria chi thenkhat chu "superbugs" an lo ni fo thin. Entirna tlemte chu hetiang hi a ni:

• `Staphylococcus aureus` (entir nan MRSA – methicillin laka invenna Staphylococcus aureus) .
• Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales ( CREs ) leh damdawi laka invenna Enterobacterales dangte pawh a awm bawk. Chung zingah chuan bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, Salmonella, leh Shigella te pawh an tel.
• `Neisseria gonorrhoeae` (gonorrhea thlentu bacteria) .
• `Pseudomonas aeruginosa` tih a ni
• `Acinetobacter baumannii` tih a ni
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( TB natna thlentu bacteria ) .
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal natna thlentu bacteria) .
• `Campylobacter` tih a ni
• `Mycoplasma genitalium` tih a ni
• Bordetella pertussis (khuh natna thlentu bacteria) .

Fungal infection zingah hian Candida auris leh Aspergillus fumigatus te pawh hi "superbugs" an ni thei bawk.

Mahse hei hi hre reng ang che: he list-a hrik i kai vang mai mai hian "superbug" i nei tihna a ni lo. Heng natna hrik hi damdawi laka invenna chi hrang hrang a awm a, chubakah damdawi laka invenna (thi) chi te pawh a awm bawk.

"Superbug" infection natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

"Superbug" infection symptoms hi i taksa chhunga khawi hmunah nge infection awmna a zirin a danglam thei. A lan chhuah dan tlangpui thenkhat chu:

• Khawsik
• Chills a awm
• Skin rash, emaw vun rawng sen, rawng danglam, na, hring, emaw, zun emaw tui emaw a khat.
• Khuh
• Thâwk a tawi
• Chhung emaw pum (belly) na
• Chauh lutuk emaw, mutthilh lutuk emaw (`Lethargy`) .
• Muscle emaw joint emaw a na
• Thisen sang hniam
• Lung chakna sang (Tachycardia) .
• Hypothermia (taksa lum hniam) .

Heng symptoms te hi "superbugs" vang chauh ni lovin infection dang tam tak vang pawh a ni thei. Chuvangin, heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan, a bik takin enkawlna nen a tha lo a nih chuan doctor pan nghal rawh.

Engtin nge heng "superbugs" te hi an lo chhuah?

"Superbugs" te hi ruihhlo laka an inven theihna chhan tam tak a awm. A châng chuan, a pianphung anga thil thleng a ni. Chu chu thil nung dangte nena khawsa dun turin an insiam danglam tihna a ni. Hun dangah chuan bacteria emaw fungi emaw hian antibiotics emaw antifungal damdawi emaw block emaw tihchhiat emaw turin defense mechanism an siam chhuak thin.

A bik takin damdawi in leh healthcare setting dang dangah chuan bacteria te hian doctor-te hman fo thin antibiotics te chu an do thei lo thei a ni. Heng setting ah hian "superbug" tam tak a lo awm thin. Antibiotics dik taka hman a nih pawhin hei hi ven a harsa thei hle.

Bacteria te hian an resistance genes (`resistant genes`) te chu bacteria dang awm tawh hnenah an pass thei a ni. Hei hi `horizontal gene transfer` an ti a. Tin, antibiotics hmangin an dam khawchhuak thei a, an piang chhuak thei a, an genes (a do theihna nen) chu midangte hnenah an pe thei bawk.

Engtin nge "superbug" hian min kai theih?

"Superbug" hi hetiang hian i hmu thei ang:

• Mi hri kai emaw, colonized emaw nei tawhte nena direct-a inzawmna hmangin. Mi thenkhat chuan an taksa chhungah emaw, taksa chhungah emaw "superbug" bacteria emaw fungi emaw an keng tel a, mahse an na lo. Hei hi `colonization' an ti a. Hetianga hrik i phurh chuan midangte hnenah i kai darh thei a, an damlo thei bawk.
• Thil emaw, hmun emaw, hrik in a tihbawlhhlawh khawih hmangin.
• Thil bawlhhlawh dangte chu midangte hnena sem darh hmangin. Entîr nân, khum, thawmhnaw, damdawi lam emaw, infiamna hmanrua emaw, towel, razor emaw, ei leh in hmanrua emaw.
• I taksaa damdawi hmanrua leh damdawi hmanrua bawlhhlawh (e.g., central venous line emaw thawkna tube emaw).
• Chaw emaw tui emaw bawlhhlawh leh unpasteurized dairy products atang hian.

Tute nge "superbug" infection vei theihna chance sang zawk?

"Superbug" infection i vei theihna chance a sang zawk thei a, chu chu:

• Central venous line, breathing tube, feeding tube, emaw tube emaw device dang emaw i taksaah dah i nih chuan hengte hian pawn lam atanga "superbug" chu i taksaah a lut thei a ni.
• Antibiotics i ei rei tawh emaw, i hman fo tawh emaw a nih chuan. Hun rei tak chhung antibiotics ei hian bacteria te hian resistance an neih theihna chance a tipung a ni. I taksaa bacteria "tha" (thawk lo) te pawh a that thei bawk. Heng bacteria "tha" te hi bacteria dangte chu thunun theih loha an lo thang lian lo va, natna hrik a thlen loh nan an veng a ni.
• I taksa hriselna tichak lo thei, HIV hrik kai, thisen cancer, emaw zunthlum emaw i neih chuan, emaw, organ transplant emaw stem cell transplant emaw i neih tawh chuan. Heng dinhmunte hian i taksa tan natna hrik dona a ti harsa zual hle.
• Damdawi inah rei tak i awm emaw, hun rei tak enkawlna hmunah emaw i awm a nih chuan. "Superbug" tam tak hi healthcare setting-ah hmuh tur a awm.

"Superbugs" hian eng harsatna nge a thlen?

Doctor ten infection an control thuai theih loh chuan harsatna lian tham a thlen thei a ni. Entirnan:

• Sepsis leh septic shock (infection laka invenna na tak, thisen sang, tissue tihchhiat, leh organ failure thlentu).
• Thluak lama harsatna nei.
• Kawng leh ke hri kai hloh (amputation).

Hengte hi dinhmun hlauhawm tak a ni tak zet a ni lawm ni? Chuvangin "superbugs" hi kan ngaihtuah nasa hle a ngai a ni.

Engtin nge "superbugs" te hi kan hriat theih ang?

Infection symptoms i neih a, enkawlna hmanga a dam loh chuan i doctor chuan "superbug" i nei niin a ngai mai thei. Taksa tui emaw tissue emaw sample-ah bacteria leh fungi an zawng ang a, a nih loh leh culture an tum ang. Heng sample-te hi a hnuaia mi ang hian a ni thei:

• Thisen
• Zun chhuah
• Ek
• Hliam atanga lak chhuah fluid emaw tissue emaw
• Phlegm (khuh ruala lung atanga chhuak chhuak - `Sputum`) .

I taksaah damdawi hmanrua dah i neih chuan, emaw, tun hnaia damdawi ina i awm a nih chuan, chu chu i doctor hnenah pawh hrilh bawk ang che.

"Superbugs" damdawi a awm em?

Damdawi pakhat mah hian "superbugs" a tidam thei lo. Chuvang chuan an hlauhawm em em a ni. Doctor-te chuan "superbugs" hi an enkawl a, chu chu natna thlentu hrik bik dotu damdawi an zawng chhuak a ni. Infection dona atan hian damdawi inkawp, antibiotics chi hrang hrang i mamawh mai thei.

Hei bakah hian doctor-te chuan vun natna chu hliam inhawngte enkawlin an enkawl bawk. Hei hian hliam chu tui chhuah tir leh operation hmanga infected tissue lakchhuah te pawh a huam thei. Damdawi hmanraw hri kai, kut leh ke lem (prosthetic limbs) te pawh an paih chhuak thei bawk.

Resistant fungal infection thenkhat, Candida auris te hi antifungal damdawi echinocandins an tih hmangin enkawl theih a ni.

"Superbug" i neih chuan eng nge thleng ang?

"Superbug" i neih chuan beisei aia rei emaw, damdawi chi khat aia tam emaw hmanga enkawl i ngai mai thei. Mi thenkhat tan chuan hri kai hi nunna atana hlauhawm a ni thei. Infection na tak emaw, invasive emaw i neih chuan damdawi inah admit i ni ang a, health worker ten uluk taka an lo thlir theih nan enkawl i ni ang.

Vun natna i neih chuan i doctor chuan i hliamte chu surgery hmangin a tui chu a la chhuak ang. Skin cream emaw oral antibiotics emaw pawh an pe thei bawk.

"Superbug" infection atang hian i damchhuak thei ang em?

Ni e, mi chu "superbug" infection atang hian an dam leh thin. Amaherawhchu, natna khirh tak tak emaw, thisen lama kai darh emaw-ah chuan thihna rate a sang hle - a then phei chuan 50% vel a ni. Chuvangin hei hi ngaihthah tur a ni lo.

Engtikah nge ka doctor ka hmuh ang?

I taksaah damdawi hmanrua i dah emaw, i taksa hriselna a chak lo emaw a nih chuan, i doctor hnenah eng natna chhinchhiahna nge i enfiah tur tih zawt rawh. Rinhlelhna lanchhuahna i neih chuan doctor hmu la, hrilh rawh.

Damdawi ina i awm lai pawhin i healthcare team nen inbiakpawhna tha tak neih a pawimawh. Infection symptoms, natna, heart rate sang, chak lohna, emaw khawsik te i neih chuan hriattir rawh.

Engtikah nge Emergency Department (ETU) ah ka kal ang ?

Heng natna khirh tak tak te hi i neih chuan emergency room-ah kal nghal rawh:

• Khawsik hi 40 degree Celsius (103 Fahrenheit) aia sang a nih chuan.
• Natna nasa tak a nei.
• Seizures a awm thin.
• Buaina emaw, ngaihtuahna buai emaw.
• Thisen sang tlahniam nghal (symptoms: chak lohna, luak chhuak, muhil).

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

I doctor hnenah hetiang zawhna hi zawh hi a \angkai thei ang:

• Eng enkawlna kawng nge ka neih?
• Engtin nge ka damdawi hi ka ei ang?
• Engtikah nge dam ka beisei theih ang?
• Engtin nge he natna hi ka neih?
• Nakin lawkah hetiang hri kai tur hi eng nge ka tih theih ang?

"Superbugs" hi a veng thei ang em?

"Superbugs" lo awm tur venna tha ber chu a tul tak tak hunah chauh antibiotics hman hi a ni.

Healthcare worker-te tan a tul lo taka antibiotic hman loh nan kaihhruaina a awm a. Mahse, hei pawh hi i thawhpui theih dan tur a awm a:

• Damdawi zawng zawng chu a pek angin ei vek tur a ni. Doctor-in antibiotics a pek chuan i dam chhung pawhin ei tur a ni. A chanve vel chu tawp suh.
• Antibiotics i mamawh loh chuan ei suh. Khawsik leh thawkna lam natna dang tam zawk hi virus vang a ni. Antibiotics hian a tidam dawn lo.

Engtin nge "superbugs" darh zel hi kan tihtlem ang?

Healthcare worker-te chuan damdawi-ina atanga hri kai ("superbugs" pawh a ni thei) tihziaawmna turin safety leh sanitation rules an zawm a ni. Chung zingah chuan:

• Kut sil fo thin ang che.
• Disinfecting surface te pawh a awm bawk.
• Mite chu bacteria infection an neih hunah chauh antibiotics pek an nih theih nan hmalak.
• Damdawi hmanrua te sterilization.
• "Superbug" natna vei te chu midangte hnena an darh loh nan quarantine (isolate) thin.

Healthcare setting-ah "superbugs" hi awm fo mahse, kawng hrang hrangin a darh thei a ni. Natna hrik kai tlangpui laka kan invenna atana kan tih dan ang chiah hi zawmin "superbugs" i vei theihna tur i tihtlem thei ang:

• Hliam fai leh khuh vek tur a ni.
• Damdawi lam ni lo damdawi emaw damdawi emaw inject nana hman thin needle (nangmah ngei pawhin) hmang nawn tawh suh.
• Tui lumna dik takah khum, towel leh thawmhnaw sil fo thin ang che.
• Disinfectant hmangin light switch, remote control, leh infiamna hmanrua te ang chi khawih fo thinte chu phihfai thin ang che.
• Vaccine laksak rawh. Bacteria chi hrang hrang, "superbugs" ni thin, Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough) leh Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal disease) te laka invenna vaccine a awm bawk.
• Faina lama tih dan tha tak tak hmang thin ang che. Chutah chuan i kut silfai te, thawmhnaw fai leh vawt inbel te, i mimal thilte midangte hnena insem loh te a huam a ni.
• Chaw ei dan him dan zawm rawh. Hei hian ei tur tha taka dahkhawm te, sa leh sangha te chu bacteria that thei khawpa lum a siam te, ei hmaa thei leh thlai te silfai emaw, a hnawih emaw te a huam a ni.
• Inpawlna eng pawhah condom emaw ha dam emaw hmang thin ang che.
• Damdawi hmanrua (catheter ang chi) te chu eng chen nge i dah tur tih zawt la, hmanrua a awm chhunga natna hrik laka inven dan tur zawt bawk ang che.

"Superbugs" hi engtiang chiahin nge an awm?

United States-ah ringawt pawh hian kum tin mi maktaduai 3 vel chu antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection hmangin an damlo a, mi 35,000 chuangin an thihpui bawk. He hlauhawmna hi Sri Lanka-ah pawh a pung zel a ni.

Infection tihdam harsa ber chu eng nge ni?

Damdawi tam tak laka invenna nei tawh bacteria te hi enkawl harsa ber an ni. MRSA leh CRE ang chi infection te hi antibiotic pakhat aia tam lakah an do thei fo thin. Chuvangin, damdawi tha tak (a nih loh leh damdawi inzawmkhawm) zawn chu thil harsa tak leh hun rei tak a daih thei a ni.

Mihringin antibiotics kan la siam chhuak lo nachungin "superbugs" te hi an la awm reng a - chutiang chuan nature-ah chuan an cheng a ni. Mahse, antibiotics kan hman dan, a bik takin a tul lova kan ei hian an than chakna a ti chak hle.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

"Superbug" hi hrik chi khat a ni a, natna khirh tak, enkawl harsa leh nunna atana hlauhawm thei a thlen thei a ni. Bacteria emaw fungal emaw infection symptom i neih chuan, a bik takin tun hnaia damdawi in emaw healthcare facility emaw i kal tawh a nih chuan doctor pan nghal rawh. Enkawl vat chuan natna khirh tak i neih theihna a ti tlem thei a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu:

• Doctor-in a pek chuan antibiotics chauh ei tur a ni.
• Antibiotics i ei a nih chuan a dose tur chu a hun bituk chhung atan ei thin ang che. A chanve vel chu tawp suh.
• Khawsik ang chi virus natna tan antibiotics dil suh, a pui dawn lo.
• Faina tha vawng reng ang che, a bik takin kut sil hi.

Heng step awlsam tak takte zawm hian he hmêlma ngawi reng, "superbug" tia koh lakah hian min humhimna kawngah kawng thui tak a zawh dawn a ni. Heng hmalaknate hi i hriselna leh khawtlang hriselna humhim nan a pawimawh hle.

` superbug, antibiotic do thei, multidrug do thei, natna hrik, antibiotics, bacteria, fungi