I duh loh zawnga i taksa i tihchet lai i hmu em? Tardive Dyskinesia chungchang hi han sawi ila!

A châng chuan i taksa peng ṭhenkhat, kut emaw, ke emaw, emaw, i hmêl lan dânte chu thunun theih loha che mai mai ang maiin i inhria em? A nih loh leh, i hriat mi pakhatin damdawi ṭhenkhat a ei hnuah heng natna mak tak takte hi a nei em? Chutiang thil chu i hre tawh a nih chuan vawiin a kan sawi tur dinhmun, Tardive Dyskinesia tih hi i tan a pawimawh dawn a ni. Thumal sei deuh mahse, eng nge a nih i hrethiam mai ang u.

Tardive Dyskinesia hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) hi neurological syndrome, a nih loh leh symptoms khawlkhawm a ni a, chutah chuan i taksa ruhte chu duh lohvin, i thunun theih lohvin a che a ni. Kut inher emaw, hmel lan dan inthlak danglam nghal emaw ang maiin.

Hetiang natna thlentu ber chu rilru lam natna atana damdawi thenkhat, a bik takin first-generation antipsychotic damdawi (neuroleptics) te hun rei tak hman a nih vang a ni. Amaherawhchu, heng damdawi te chauh hian hetiang hi a thlen thei lo. Damdawi dang thenkhat pawhin hetiang hi a thlen thei bawk.

"Tardive" tih thumal hi "delayed" emaw "late" emaw tihna a ni. "Dyskinesia" tih hian duh loh zawng, chu chu taksa ruh chetna thunun loh tihna a ni. Chuvangin hetiang dinhmunah hian heng duh loh zawnga chetna te hi damdawi i ei tan hnuah hun engemaw chen, a chang chuan kum tam tak hnuah a lo lang thin. Amaherawhchu, a chang chuan he natna hi hun rei lote chhung damdawi ei hnuah pawh a awm thei a ni. Hetiang dinhmun hi kum 65 chunglamte zingah a awm thei hle a, hun rei lote chhunga damdawi hman pawh nise.

Hetiang dinhmun hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

Researcher te chuan first-generation antipsychotics ei thin zinga 20% tal chuan tardive dyskinesia an vei niin an sawi. Damdawi chi dang nena he natna hi a thlen dan dik tak hi zirchian a la ni lo a, chuvangin a zat dik tak sawi a harsa hle.

Tardive Dyskinesia natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

Tardive dyskinesia hian hetiang hmunah hian i thunun theih loh chetna a thlen thei a ni:

• I hmai a taksa ruh (muscles) te
• Lei
• Nghawng
• Trunk taksa ruh (muscles) te
• Limbs (limbs) te

Hmai duh loh vanga chetna:

• Lip-smacking emaw sucking motion emaw a awm.
• Chhan awm lovin grimacing emaw frowning emaw.
• Lei chhuah chhuah emaw, lei chu hmui chhunga hmet emaw.
• Chewing movement te.
• A hmui a puff.
• Mit a meng chhuak rang / blepharospasm. I mit i chhing reng mai mai a nih chuan a tithinrim hle ang tih han ngaihtuah teh.

Duhthusam lova movement dangte:

• Finger movement repetitive, piano tum ang chi.
• I pelvis thrusting emaw rocking emaw.
• Duck ang maia kal dan.
• Thut theih lohna, rilru hahdam lohna (akathisia) awm reng. Hei hi thil nuam lo tak a ni thei.

Hêng chhinchhiahnate hi mi ṭhenkhat tân chuan a na lo hle thei a, hriat theih loh khawpin a lang thei a , mi ṭhenkhat tân erawh chuan a nasat lutuk thei a, ni tin thiltih chu thil theih loh khawpin a nghawng thei a ni

Doctor-te chuan heng symptoms te hi sawifiah nan hetiang thumal hi an hmang thei ang:

• Dystonia: Taksa ruh (muscle contraction) thunun theih loh.
• Myoclonus: Taksa ruh pakhat, rei lo te chhunga a rawn inher chhuak nghal.
• Buccolingual stereotypy: Kawng leh lei hmanga incheina repetitive.
• Tics: Habitual muscle contraction, a bik takin hmaiah.

Tardive Dyskinesia hi engte nge ni?

Hei hi eng thil nge a thlen tih hi zirchiangtute chuan an hre chiang lo. Mahse, a ngaihdan ber chu thluaka neurotransmitter ``dopamine`` receptor te block tu damdawi ``dopamine antagonists`` hman avanga lo awm a ni thei tih hi a ni. Hei hi heng damdawi te hi rei lo te emaw, rei tak emaw i ei pawhin a thleng thei . Mahse, rei tak i ei chuan a hlauhawmna a sang zawk. A châng chuan, heng damdawite hi tihtawp hnuah, a dose thlak hnuah, a nih loh leh tihtlem hnuah pawh TD hi a awm thei a ni.

Ngaihtuah teh, dopamine receptor blocking damdawi rei tak i ei hian thluaka dopamine receptor (a bik takin basal ganglia, thluaka chetna control nana puitu peng ) te chu extra sensitive an ni ta a ni. Hetianga chetna thunun loh hi dopamine tam lutuk emaw, receptor-te sensitive lutuk vang emaw niin an ngai.

Dopamine bakah hian neurotransmitter receptor dang, serotonin, acetylcholine, leh GABA te pawh a inrawlh nia ngaih a ni. Hei vang hian TD hi a chang chuan antipsychotics tih loh damdawi dang avanga lo awm a ni thei.

Eng damdawi nge Tardive Dyskinesia hi a thlen?

Tardive dyskinesia hi a hnuaia damdawi hman avang hian a awm thei a ni.

• Antipsychotic damdawi / neuroleptics: Hengte hi a chhan ber a ni.
• Metoclopramide emaw, natna hrik dona damdawi dang emaw.
• Antidepressant thenkhat chu .

A tlem hle a, heng damdawi te hian TD a thlen thei bawk:

• Lithium a ni.
• Antiseizure damdawi hman tur.
• Antihistamines, a bik takin hydroxyzine te hi a ni.
• Antimalarias hi Malaria damdawi pek a ni.

Antipsychotic damdawi leh TD

Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) hi rilru lam natna, schizophrenia ang chi enkawlna atan hman a ni ber. Heng damdawi te hi TD thlentu ber an ni.

First-generation ("typical") antipsychotics hian second-generation ("atypical") antipsychotics aiin TD thlen theihna a sang zawk nia ngaih a ni.

First-generation antipsychotics entirnan thenkhat chu:

• Chlorpromazine `(Chlorpromazine)` tih a ni
• Fluphenazine `(Fluphenazine)` tih a ni
• Haloperidol `(Haloperidol)` tih a ni
• Perphenazine `(Perphenazine)` tih a ni
• Prochlorperazine `(Prochlorperazine)` hmanga siam a ni
• Thioridazine `(Thioridazine)` tih a ni
• Trifluoperazine `(Trifluoperazine)` tih a ni

Metoclopramide leh tardive dyskinesia te a awm bawk

Metoclopramide hi gastritis natna khirh tak, chronic acid reflux (GERD) enkawlna atana hman a ni. Zunthlum kaihhnawih gastroparesis enkawlna atan pawh hman a ni.

Metoclopramide leh TD hi inzawmna nghet tak a awm a. He damdawi avanga TD vei theihna tur risk factors te chu:

• Kum 65 aia upa a nih.
• Hmeichhia nih hi.
• Zunthlum vei.
• Metoclopramide kar 12 emaw a aia rei emaw ei.

Antidepressant leh TD te a awm bawk

Antidepressant hi depression, lungkhamna, leh obsessive-compulsive disorder te enkawlna atan hman a ni. Heng damdawi te hian kum 65 chunglam ah TD a thlen tam ber a, hei hi kum upat dan azirin thluak a inthlak thin vang a ni. Hei hi antipsychotic damdawi avanga TD awm aiin a tlem zawk tlangpui.

A hnuaia antidepressant te hi `(TD)` nen a inzawm a ni:

• Trazodone (hei hi serotonin modulator a ni).
• Amitriptyline, clomipramine, leh doxepin (hengte hi tricyclic antidepressant an ni).
• Fluoxetine leh sertraline (hengte hi SSRI an ni).
• Phenelzine leh rasagiline (hengte hi MAOI an ni).
• Selegiline (MAOI pawh ni bawk) hi levodopa nena ei a nih chuan TD nen a inzawm tih hmuhchhuah a ni.

Lithium leh TD

Lithium hi bipolar disorder enkawlna atana hman thin damdawi a ni. TD nen pawh a inzawm tlat a ni. Mahse, antipsychotic damdawi nen lithium i ei chuan TD vei theihna a sang zawk hle.

Antiseizure damdawi leh TD

Antiseizure damdawi hi seizure venna leh control nan hman a ni. Carbamazepine leh lamotrigine te hi TD nen an inzawm a, mahse TD thlentu an tlem zawk. Phenytoin hi TD nen pawh a inzawm tih an sawi bawk.

Antihistamine leh TD te a ni

Antihistamines hian allergy symptoms a tidam thei. A bik takin hydroxyzine hi hun rei tak hman a nih chuan TD nen a inzawm tih an sawi.

Kum 65 chunglam, phenothiazine (typical antipsychotics) hmang tawhte chuan hydroxyzine an ei hian TD an nei tam zawk.

Malaria dona leh TD

Malaria dotu chloroquine leh amodiaquine te hi TD nen hian a inzawm tlat a ni.

Tardive Dyskinesia vei theihna tur risk factors te chu engte nge ni?

Thil engemaw tak chuan tardive dyskinesia vei theihna a tipung thei a ni. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• Kum: Kum 40 chunglam te hian TD an vei tam zawk. Kum 65 chunglamte chu kum upat ruala nervous system inthlak danglamna avang hian an hlauhawm hle .
• Gender: Hmeichhia hian TD an vei tam zawk. Post-menopausal hmeichhia kum khat vel antipsychotic damdawi ei thinte chuan TD vei theihna 30% zetin an sang zawk a ni.
• Hnam: Zirchianna thenkhatah chuan American mipa hringte hian mipa hring aiin TD an vei tam zawk tih an hmuchhuak. Tin, Filipino leh Asian hnam chhuakte hian Caucasian hnamte aiin TD an vei tlem zawk bawk. (Hei hi Sri Lanka-ah engtin nge a hman theih tih hriat nan tualchhung zirchianna dang neih belh a ngai a ni.)
• Bipolar disorder: Bipolar disorder nei te hian antipsychotic damdawi an ei hian midang aiin TD hi an sensitive zawk thei.

Tunah hian zirchiangtute chuan TD vei theihna tipung emaw, tihhniam emaw thei genetic factors te pawh an zirchiang mek bawk.

Tardive Dyskinesia avanga harsatna awm thei te chu engte nge ni?

Tardive dyskinesia avanga chetna thunun loh hi a nuam lo hle thei. I khawtlang leh rilru lama i hriselna pawh a nghawng thei bawk. Hei hian i rilru hriselnaah nghawng lian tak a nei thei a ni. Nitin hna thawh a harsat phah thei bawk.

TD hi a tlangpuiin thihna thlen thei a ni lo. Engpawhnise,A tlem hle a, TD a nasat a, larynx (vocal cord awmna hmun - laryngospasm) leh diaphragm (thâwk chhuahna atana puitu ruh) a nghawng chuan thawk harsatna a thlen thei a, nunna atana hlauhawm tak a ni.

Engtin nge Tardive Dyskinesia hi hmuhchhuah a nih?

I doctor chuan i symptoms te, medical history te, leh damdawi hman dan te a zawt ang. I doctor chuan tardive dyskinesia (TD) a ringhlel thei a, tardive dyskinesia thlentu nia hriat damdawi i ei a nih chuan. Physics exam leh neurological exam an nei dawn a ni. Specialist hnenah pawh refer i ni thei a, chu chu neurologist, movement disorder specialist, a nih loh leh psychiatrist te hi a ni.

Doctor-te chuan tardive dyskinesia an hriat theih nan Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) an hmang a. DSM-5 -in a tarlan dan chuan tardive dyskinesia vei nia hriat theih nan chuan damdawi ei a chawlhsan hnuah thla khat tal chu a lan chhuah dan a awm reng tur a ni. Kum 40 aia upa i nih chuan thla thum tal damdawi i ei tawh tur a ni a, kum 40 aia upa i nih chuan thla khat chhung damdawi i ei tawh tur a ni.

I doctor chuan TD finfiah nan emaw, natna dang, a lan chhuah dan inang, Huntington’s disease ang chi te chu paih chhuah nan emaw test dang a ti thei bawk. Chung zingah chuan laboratory test leh imaging test, thluak CT scan emaw MRI emaw te pawh a tel thei. Mahse, TD hi clinical diagnosis a ni tlangpui. Hei hian doctor-te chuan medical history uluk tak leh taksa enfiahna uluk tak hmangin, test dang tih belh ngai lovin, diagnosis an siam tihna a ni.

Tardive Dyskinesia hi eng enkawlna nge ni?

Tardive dyskinesia enkawl dan zirchiannaah chuan result inang lo tak tak a awm. Zirna thenkhatah chuan antipsychotic damdawi dose tihtlem emaw tihtawp emaw a nih chuan symptoms a tha zawk tih an hmuchhuak. Mi dangte chuan danglamna a awm lo tih an lantir a.

I doctor chuan i TD thlentu damdawi chu tihtawp a rawt thei a, a theih chuan. Vanduaithlak takin hei hi a theih reng reng lo. Hei hi a chhan chu damdawi ei khap hian damdawiin a control tawhna underlying condition chu a tichhe thei a ni.

First-generation antipsychotic i ei laiin TD i nei a nih chuan i doctor chuan second-generation antipsychotic ah a thlak thei che a ni.

Antipsychotics tihtawp emaw thlak emaw tih loh chu TD enkawlna atana evidence nghet ber chu tunah hian VMAT inhibitors tih damdawi class pakhat tan a awm a ni. Tunah chuan Deutetrabenazine leh valbenazine te hi a him a, a tangkai hle tih hmuhchhuah a ni ta. I nunphung tichhe thei TD hniam lam atanga na tak i neih chuan i doctor chuan heng damdawi te hi a rawn rawt thei ang.

Tardive Dyskinesia hi tihdam theih a ni em? (A let leh thei ang em?)

Vanduaithlak takin tardive dyskinesia vei tam zawk hi chu chronic an ni a, rei tak an daih tihna a ni. Damdawi hian natna lan chhuah dan a enkawl thei a, mahse, a natna chu a tidam kim thei lo va, a tidanglam thei lo bawk.

Tardive Dyskinesia ka vei chuan eng nge ka beisei ang?

Tardive dyskinesia hian mi zawng zawng a nghawng dan inang vek lo. A lan chhuah dan chu a na lo atanga a nasat thlengin a awm thei. Tin, enkawlna hian mi thenkhat chu an natna lan chhuah dan tur a enkawl theih laiin, thenkhat tan chuan a pui lo mai thei bawk. I doctor chuan enkawlna tur tha ber zawng turin a thawkpui ang che. Eng nge i beisei tih hriatna tha tak an pe thei che a ni.

Tardive Dyskinesia hi ven theih a ni em?

Tardive dyskinesia hi sawi lawk harsa tak a ni. Damdawi thenkhat ei apiangin an vei vek dawn lo.

Hetiang natna hi i vei theihna tur risk factor i neih chuan i doctor nen inbia ang che. Damdawi dang hmangin tardive dyskinesia hi i veng thei mai thei. TD i vei theihna tur tihtlem nan i doctor chuan hun rei lote chhung atan antipsychotic damdawi tha ber ber a pe ang che.

TD thlentu nia hriat damdawi i ei a nih chuan, i doctor nen incheina lama harsatna awm leh awm loh screening pangngai neih dan tur sawipui rawh. TD symptoms hriat hmasak hian a nasatzia a tiziaawm thei a ni. TD thlen thei damdawi hman tan atanga thla thum atanga thla ruk chhunga heng screening te hi neih a tha ber.

Tardive Dyskinesia ka vei chuan engtin nge ka in enkawl theih ang?

I doctor chuan a tul angin i enkawlna tur ruahmanna siam turin a thawkpui ang che. TD enkawlna atana i tih theih tur dang thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Thla thum atanga thla ruk danah doctor nen symptom assessment pangngai nei thin ang che.
• I natna lan chhuah dan chu record la. Symptom thar i neih chuan doctor hnenah hriattir tur a ni.
• Mahni in enkawl dan, taksa tihchakna te pawh tiamin. Exercise hian movement symptom thenkhat a tiziaawm thei a ni.
• I nitin hnathawh leh nunphung quality chungchang doctor nen sawiho rawh.
• TD hian i rilru leh khawtlang hriselna a nghawng a nih chuan rilru lam hriselna counselor hnenah tanpuina zawng rawh .

Engtikah nge emergency room-ah ka kal ang?

Tardive dyskinesia avanga thawk harsatna i neih chuan 911 (Sri Lanka-ah 1990) call nghal la, emergency room hnai ber pan rawh.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) hian mi a nghawng dan a inang lo. Mi thenkhat tan chuan an nunphungah nghawng lian tak a nei thei a ni. Mahse, i doctor chuan i TD enkawl leh enkawl turin a thawkpui ang che tih hre reng ang che. I mamawh ang zela enkawlna ruahmanna an rawt thei a, an siam danglam thei bawk a, mahni in enkawl dan tur ruahmanna siamin, a pui thei bawk. I damdawi ei kha titawp ngai suh la, i doctor thurawn tel lo chuan a dose pawh thlak ngai suh. Zawhna emaw, ngaihtuahna emaw i neih chuan i doctor nen sawiho rawh.

` Tardive dyskinesia, duh loh zawnga chetna, damdawi side effects, antipsychotics, neuropathies, dopamine, VMAT inhibitors