Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) chungchang hi i zir chiang nghal ang u.

Engtin nge kan thisen kal tlanga thisen luang chu a chang chuan hmun khatah a tlakbuak a, clot a siam theih tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Hei hi a hlauhawm deuhin a lang thei a, mahse a takah chuan hei hi hriat chian a pawimawh hle. A chhan chu chutih hunah chauh chuan a tul chuan hma kan la thuai thei a ni. Vawiin hian thisen kalna kawng (vein)-a thisen zam (blood clot) chungchang kan sawi dawn a, chu chu doctor-te'n `(Venous Thromboembolism - VTE)` an tih ang chi a ni.

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin `(Venous Thromboembolism)` tih hi kan taksaa thisen zam (vein) chhunga thisen zam a lo awm a, chu chu thisen thianghlim lo chu thinlungah a phur a, thisen kalna a tikhawlo a ni. Hetah hian "Thrombo" tih hian thisen zam tihna a ni. "Embolism" tih awmzia chu chutiang thisen zam chu thisen kalna kawng khata kal a, khawi emaw laiah a tlakbuak tihna a ni. "Venous" tih awmzia chu veins-ah a ni.

Doctor-te’n VTE chungchang an sawi hian thisen zam chi hnih chungchang an sawi ber a:

1. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Hei hi taksa chhungril thuk tak, taksa peng hrang hranga kal chhuak vein thuk tak takah thisen zam a lo awm hian a ni .

2. Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Hei hi DVT atanga thisen zam emaw hmun dang atanga thisen zam lo chhuak emaw a lo chhuak a, lung chhunga vein pakhatah a lo awm a.

Ngaihtuah teh, heng veins te hian kan taksa peng hrang hrang ang chi, kan taksa hmun hla tak tak atang hian thinlungah thisen a rawn hruai kir leh thin. Chuvangin, thisen zam (vein) pakhat chu thisen zam (blood clot) in a block chuan a block na hmun hnung lamah thisen a inzawm khawm tan thin. Tichuan chu hmun chu a lo hring thei a, a lo hring thei bawk. Tin, blocked area hmaa cell te hian an mamawh oxygen leh nutrients an hmu lo bawk. Hei hian thisen kalna kawng, taksa peng hrang hrang leh taksa peng hrang hrangte pawh nasa takin a tichhe thei a ni. Entirnan, thenkhatah chuan lung chhunga thisen phurtu vein chu ``VTE'' in a block a nih chuan nunna atana hlauhawm tak a ni thei .

Engtin nge hetiang vein-ah hian thisen zam hi a lo awm?

Dik tak chuan thisen zam hi kan taksa chhanna pangngai, hrisel tak a ni. Kan vun chunglama hliam te tak te a lo vawt a, thisen tlem a chhuah chuan a lo awm thin scab angin i ngaihtuah thei ang. Chutiang chu a ni. Taksa chhungah hliam a awm chuan, natna hrik a ni emaw, thisen chu a thim deuh a, chu chuan thisen a luang chhuak tur chu a titawp a ni. Hei hi infection a nih pawhin thisen kalna kawng lining chu hliam ang maia enkawl a ni.

A tlangpuiin hliam emaw, natna hrik emaw a dam tan chuan thisen zam chu a bo vek thin. Mahse , a châng chuan, chutiang chu a thleng lo . A nih loh leh, thisen zam chu hliam tuar lovin a lo awm thei bawk. Hei hi thil engemaw zat avanga lo awm thei a ni. Chutiang hunah chuan thisen zam chu a lian tawk a nih chuan thisen kalna kawng chu a tikhawlo vek thei a ni.

Heng thisen zam hian engtin nge i taksa a nghawng?

Mi tam tak chuan thisen zam an ngaihtuah hian thisen zam tihna a ni a, chu chuan ``Heart Attack'' emaw ``Stroke'' emaw a thlen tihna a ni. Mahse, chutiang bawk chuan a hlauhawm thei .

Harsatna lian ber chu VTE, a nih loh leh thisen zam, a lo chhuahna hmun aṭanga a chhuah a, thisen kal tlanga a kal a, lung thisen zam chhunga a awm hi a ni . Hei hi Pulmonary Embolism (PE) an ti a. PE hian lung chhunga oxygen leh thisen kal dan a tikhawtlai a ni. Chutih rual chuan thisen kalna kawng (arteries)-a thisen sang pawh a sang chho zel bawk. Hetiang dinhmun hi Pulmonary Hypertension an ti a. Hetianga a kal zel chuan lungphu chawl leh thihna thlengin a thleng thei a ni.

VTE hi kan taksa thisen thuk takah a awm tam ber a, a bik takin ke emaw, kut emaw emaw, taksa ruh chhunga thisen kalnaah emaw a awm fo thin. Vein thuk takah thisen zam a lo awm chuan Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) an ti a. DVT hian vein a block hian inflammation, swelling, leh redness a thlen thei a, chu chuan hun rei tak chhung chu vein a tichhe thei a ni. Hei hian Chronic Venous Insufficiency emaw Post-thrombotic Syndrome emaw tih ang chi natna a thlen thei a ni. DVT zawng zawng hian vein pakhat an block vek lo a, mahse an block thei a, chuvangin Venous Thromboembolic Disease-ah an dah a ni. Tin, thisen zam a lo chhuak a, lungah a kal chuan PE a thlen thei tih hriat reng a pawimawh bawk.

`Thrombosis` (thisen chhuak) leh `Thromboembolism` ( thisen kalna kawnga thisen zam a block) te hi eng nge an danglamna?

A awlsam zawngin `(Thrombosis)` tih hian thisen zam tihna a ni. `(Thromboembolism)` tih awmzia chu thisen kal tlanga thisen zam a kal a, khawi emaw laiah a tang a, thisen kalna tur a tikhawlo tihna a ni. `(Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT)` leh `(Pulmonary Embolism - PE)` te hi `(Venous Thromboembolic Disease)` umbrella hnuaiah an tla vek a ni. A chhan chu heng pahnih hian thisen kalna kawng a tikhawlo thei a ni.

Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) hi thisen zam, vun chunglam hnaih, vein te tak te, superficial vein-a lo awm a ni a, harsatna lian tham a thlen tam lo hle. DVT zinga a chanve vel hian harsatna thlen lo mah se, harsatna a thlen thei a, PE vei theihna tur risk factor a nih avangin ngaihtuah tur a ni.

Hetiang dinhmun hi engtiang chiahin nge `VTE` tia koh a nih?

Khawvel ram changkang thenkhatah phei chuan `(VTE)` hi `(Heart Attack)` leh `(Stroke)` hnua vascular disease awm tam ber pathumna a ni. Chumi awmzia chu he natna hian kum khatah mi 1000 zinga pakhat vel a nghawng tihna a ni. `(VTE)` vei zinga a chanve velin `(Pulmonary Embolism - PE)` an vei bawk. Tin, `(PE)` vei zinga 25% vel an thi bawk. Kum 40 an tlin hnuah kum sawm danah `(VTE)` vei theihna hi a let hnih in a pung niin an sawi bawk .

Tute nge VTE vei theihna sang zawk?

Dik tak chuan tu pawhin VTE an nei thei. Mahse, a hlauhawmna tipungtu thil engemaw zat a awm. VTE vei zinga 25% atanga 50% vel chu chhan hriat lohvin a thleng tih hi han ngaihtuah teh. 20% dang chu cancer nena inzawm an ni. 20% dang chu surgery nena inzawm an ni. Tin, mi thenkhat chuan thisen zam (blood clotting disorder) an nei a, chu chuan thisen zam (blood clots) an nei tam zawk bawk.

VTE awm chhante chu engte nge ni?

Thisen zam a lo awm theihna chhan tam tak a awm. Mahse, thisen zam chu thisen zam chu a lian tawk ang a, vein pakhat a tikhawlo ang em, a chhuak ang a, lungah a kal ang em tih erawh sawi chian a harsa hle. VTE vei te hian risk factor pakhat aia tam an nei tlangpui.

Mi thenkhat chuan an thisena proteins inthlauhna (imbalance) an nei a, chu chuan thisen zam (`(Thrombophilia)`) a pui thin. Hei hian an thisen chu awlsam zawkin a tikhawlo thei a, thisen zam lo awm tawhte chu a tithianghlim lo thei bawk. Hei hi thlahtute atanga lo chhuak a ni thei a, a nih loh leh damdawi lam thil dang avanga side effect a ni thei bawk.

A châng chuan taksa chu a ding reng a, chu chu a che lo laiin , thisen kalna kawng a tlahniam a, thisen zam a lo awm thei bawk. Ngaihtuah teh, zinkawng thui tak i zawh lai te, bus emaw rel emaw chhunga darkar tam tak hmun khata i awm lai te, office-a nilengin chair-a i thut lai te, emaw, damlo leh khumah i inkhung lai te hian he hlauhawmna hi a awm a ni.

Thisen zam chhan ber chu hliam emaw, natna hrik emaw a ni. A châng chuan, he hliam hi damdawi hmanga enkawl a nih vang a ni. Entirnan, operation lai te, cancer chemotherapy lai te, kut chhunga IV (intravenous liquid) line dah emaw, catheter dah emaw a nih pawhin a thleng thei. Damdawi ina rei tak awmte chu thisen zam an vei theihna a sang zawk. Hei hi a chhan chu hliam emaw, hri kai emaw atanga an dam chhoh zel vang te, damdawi lam enkawlna nasa tak an neih vang te, damdawi in khumah hun tam tak an hman vang te a ni.

Eng thil nge VTE vei theihna tipung?

VTE vei theihna tipung thei thil thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Vein a tliak emaw, operation emaw avanga hliam.
• Hri kai theihna dinhmun.
• Hmun khata rei lutuk a awm reng avangin thisen kalna a tlahniam.
• Genetic conditions chu thlah kal zelah leh chhungkaw history-ah VTE vei a ni.
• Naupai, naupai venna pill hman, emaw hormone thlak danglamna therapy (`(Hormone Replacement Therapy)`) avanga hormone `(Estrogen)` level sang.
• Thisen zam natna, entirnan `(Factor V Leiden natna)`, `(Polycythemia Vera)` leh `(Sickle Cell Disease)` te.
• Natna rei tak tak thenkhat, entirnan cancer, thinlung natna, leh Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) te.
• Nunphung lam thil, chu chu zuk leh hmuam, thau lutuk, leh exercise lak loh vang a ni.
• Kum (VTE hi kum upa lam zingah a tam zawk. Hei hi an zinga comorbidities leh adverse lifestyle factors awm tam vang pawh a ni thei).

`VTE` a lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) avanga vein a block chuan thisen zam awmna hmunah hian symptoms a awm thei. Chung zingah chuan:

• Swelling (a bik takin ke pakhat emaw kut pakhatah) .
• A sen hring
• Chu hmun chu i khawih chuan lumna a awm
• Natna (a bik takin ding emaw, kea kal emaw) .

``(PE)``, chu chu lung chhunga thisen zam tihna chhinchhiahna chu a lo lang nghal thei a, a chang chuan a hmaa ``(DVT)`` chhinchhiahna engmah a awm lo. Heng symptoms te hi:

• Chhung natna (a bik takin thawk lak hian) .
• Thâwk harsa (rang taka lo awm) .
• Heart rate a sang chho zel
• Thâwk lak chakna a tisang
• Vertigo (i inher ang maia inhria) .
• Thil hriatna hloh
• Thaw chhuak emaw, khawsik emaw
• Thisen a khuh chhuak

Pawimawh: Heng symptoms te hi i neih chuan doctor advice lak nghal a pawimawh hle , hengte hi natna khirh tak chhinchhiahna a nih theih avangin.

Engtin nge `VTE` hi hriat chhuah a nih?

DVT leh PE ang chi natna dang pawh a awm bawk. Venous Thromboembolic Disease i vei tih chian nan i doctor chuan i medical history a zawt ang a, VTE vei theihna tur risk factors a hmu ang a, condition dang pawh a paih chhuak ang. Thisen zam chhinchhiahna zawng turin thisen test bulpui (basic blood test) an ti thei bawk. Chumi hnuah chuan imaging test, scan ang chi hmangin clot awmna hmun an zawng ang.

`VTE` hriat nan eng test nge hman thin?

`(DVT)` leh `(PE)` te hriat theih nan test hrang hrang an nei thin.

`DVT` hriatchhuahna test te

• Thisen test: Thisen test pakhat D-dimer test an tih a awm a. Hei hian thisen zam a chhiat huna thil chhuak level a teh a ni. He thil hi a level a san chuan thisen zam tihna a ni thei. Thisen test-ah pawh thisenah oxygen level tehna leh inherited blood clotting disorders awm leh awm loh enfiah theih a ni bawk.
• Vascular ultrasound: Hei hi natna nei lo imaging test a ni. A tlangpuiin thisen kalna kawng leh thisen kal dan en hi duhthlanna hmasa ber a ni. A then chuan duplex ultrasound an ti a, a chhan chu a then hnih a awm vang a ni. A ṭhen khatnaah chuan doctor chuan wand ang chi hmanrua hmangin thisen zamte chu sound wave-te chu a hruai a, screen-ah thlalak a la a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan vein chu compress in a contract pangngai em tih emaw, thisen zam avanga block a nih leh nih loh emaw en theih a ni. A ṭhen hnihnaah chuan sound wave-te chu thisen thisen kal dan tur en turin an kaihruai a. Thisen a kal dan pangngaia a kal chuan sound wave te chu Doppler effect an tih phenomenon hmangin a inthlak thin.
• MR venography hmanga enfiah a ni:Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tih technique hi ultrasound aiin a rintlak zawk thei a, chu chu pum, rilru leh pelvis ang chi hmuna vein enfiahna atan a ni. MR venography-ah chuan radiofrequency wave hmangin thisen zam chu hriat theih a ni. He test hian standard MRI machine chhungah mut a ngai a ni. Vein te chiang zawka a lan theih nan dye bik pek i ni thei bawk.
• Contrast venography: Hei hi hmanlai X-ray test a ni. Hetah pawh hian contrast dye chu vein-ah an inject a, chu chuan thlalak-a vein te chu a lang chiang zawk a ni. Imaging test dang aiin invasive deuh mahse, a dik zawka ngaih a ni. Hei hi test dangin a chiang lo a nih chuan tih theih a ni. X-ray technician chuan i vein lian tak pakhatah tube te tak te a dah a, a kalna tur dik takah a kaihruai a, contrast dye chu a inject a, chutah chuan X-ray a la a.

`PE` hriatchhuahna test te

• Pulse oximetry: I natna lan chhuah danin PE a nih thu a sawi a nih chuan i doctor chuan i kut zungtang chungah pulse oximetry sensor dahin i thisena oxygen level a teh hmasa thei ang. Oxygen level a hniam chuan PE emaw, lung emaw thinlung natna dang emaw vang pawh a ni thei.
• Chest X-ray: Chest X-ray hian PE a hriat theih loh nain, i symptoms thlentu lung emaw thinlung lam natna dang a hriat theih a ni.
• CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA): Hei hi PE hriat theihna atana standard test a ni. CT scan hian i lung chhunga vein leh arteries te chu three-dimensional (3-D) image a siam a. "Pulmonary" tih hian lung nena inzawm tihna a ni a, "angiography" tih hi thisen kalna kawng X-ray a ni. CTPA hi noninvasive a ni a, mahse vein pakhatah contrast dye injection a ngai mai thei.
• Pulmonary angiogram: Test dang a chiang lo a nih chuan traditional pulmonary angiogram hian result chiang tak a pe thei a ni. Mahse, a invasive deuh a ni. He angiogram atan hian X-ray technician chuan i vein lian tak pakhatah tube a dah a, i rilruah a thread a, contrast dye a inject a, chutah chuan X-ray a la a.

VTE enkawlna tur engte nge ni?

`(Venous Thromboembolism)` enkawl dan tur chu thisen zam a hlauhawm danah a innghat. `(DVT)` case thenkhat chu damdawi ei hmanga enkawl theih a ni. Mahse, `(PE)` case thenkhat chu tihbo vat a ngai mai thei . I doctor chuan nunna atana hlauhawm `(PE)` chu vein kaltlangin catheter dahin a la chhuak thei a, thisen zam chu rang taka tithianghlim thei `(thrombolytic)` damdawi a inject thei bawk. Mahse, harsatna awm thei avang hian hetiang intervention hi emergency situation-ah chauh tih a ni.

VTE hi nunna atana hlauhawm nghal a nih loh chuan enkawlnaah chuan clot awmsa te chu a lian lo tur tihtawp leh clot thar lo awm tur venna a ni. Chutiang venna enkawlnaah chuan thisen tithianghlimtu damdawi anticoagulants te, thisen kalna tha taka awm theihna tura puitu compression stockings te pawh a tel. Thil buaithlak zawkah chuan i doctor chuan taksa lama hmalakna tur a rawt thei a, chu chu thisen zam chu i lungah a kal loh nan vein-ah filter dah a ni.

Engtin nge VTE hi i ven theih ang?

Venous thromboembolism vei theihna tur risk factor tam tak a awm a, chung zawng zawng chu kan control thei vek lo. Mahse, a tlangpuiin, active taka awm hi a venna awlsam ber a ni . DVT tam zawk hi keah a awm avangin kea thisen kal tha vawn reng hian nasa takin a tihziaawm thei a ni.

Hun rei tak i thut a nih chuan, hnathawhna hmunah emaw, zin lai emaw pawh nise, tho la, kal kual fo la, i ke ruhte chu exercise la. Hei hian thisen inzawmkhawm tihtlem nan a pui dawn a ni. I damlo emaw, operation atanga i dam leh emaw pawh nise, a rang thei ang bera tho leh inher kual hian thisen zam i neih theihna a ti tlem thei a ni. Exercise hian stress tihziaawmna leh taksa rihna hrisel tak neih theihna a pui thei bawk . Hengte hi VTE thlentu thil dang a ni.

VTE i neih hnuah engtin nge i in enkawl?

VTE i neih chuan hengte hi hre reng ang che:

• Routine follow-up care nei turin kal rawh. I doctor chuan i dinhmun a enfiah ang a, i damdawi ei hun chhung tur chu a rel ang.
• I damdawi ei tur chu a tih ang chiah khan ei rawh. Mahse, thisen chhuah tam lutuk (thisen tithianghlimtu natna tha lo tak) i neih chuan damdawi ei kha bansan nghal la, i doctor chu biak rawh.
• Thisen zam chhinchhiahna te fimkhur tur a ni a, a bik takin ke a hring leh khawih chuan a na.
• Nunphung hrisel tak hmang rawh. Active takin awm la, tui tam tak in la, stress control la, i zuk chuan meizuk bansan rawh.

Venous Thromboembolism hi a chhan hrang hrang a awm tih hre reng ang che. Risk factors i hriat loh leh i thlak danglam theih loh a awm thei.

Heng zawng zawng sawi zawh hnu hian i hriat reng tur chu hetiang hi a ni!

`(Venous Thromboembolism - VTE)` tih natna hi a thlen thei thil tam tak a awm a. Risk factor i hriat loh i nei thei a, a then chu kan thunun thei lo. Mahse, `(VTE)` a awm loh nan thil tam tak i tih theih a awm . Tin, vanduaithlak takin a lo thleng a nih chuan hlawhtling taka enkawl theih a ni bawk.

Hemi chungchangah hian ngaihtuahna i neih chuan i doctor nen i risk factor bikte leh i risk tihtlem dan tur te sawipui rawh. A pawimawh ber chu ``VTE'' symptoms i neih chuan doctor advice lak nghal hi a ni. Thisen zam zawng zawng, tuna i neih leh nakin lawka i lo neih theih turte pawh hi kan ngai pawimawh hle. Chuvangin harsatna i neih veleh doctor pan vat hlau suh. I hriselna hi kan ngaih pawimawh ber a ni!

` Thisen zam, thisen zam, DVT, PE, lung, Venous Thromboembolism, VTE