Te rangatira iti o tō tātou roro: Mō te Thalamus!

Kua whakaaro kē koe ki te maha o ngā mea whakamiharo e tupu ana i roto i ō tātou roro? He tino uaua, he tino hira hoki ngā okana o ō tātou roro. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi wāhanga tino nui o te roro kāore pea i te tino rongohia e tātou. Ko te thalamus tēnā. He rite tana mahi ki te hēkeretari matua i roto i te tari, ki te rangatira teihana rānei i roto i te teihana tereina nui. Kia kite tātou he aha tēnei thalamus, he aha tāna mahi, ā, he aha te mea ka tupu mēnā ka pā he mea ki a ia.

He aha te Thalamus? Kia mārama tātou!

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, he hanganga iti, he āhua hua manu tō thalamus i waenganui o tō roro. Hei whakamārama, kei roto rawa i tō roro. Ehara i te mea ko ia anake, engari e rua ngā thalamus, kotahi i ia taha o tō roro.

Whakaarohia tētahi teihana tereina nui i roto i tētahi tāone nui. Ka tae atu ngā tereina katoa ki reira, kātahi ka huri te ahunga. Waihoki, ko ngā mōhiohio katoa o te tinana – arā, ngā mea e rangona ana, ngā mea e reka ana, ngā mea e kitea ana, ngā mea e pā ana (engari kāore e hongi ana) – ka tae tuatahi ki tēnei thalamus. Kātahi ka tukuna e te thalamus ēnei mōhiohio ki te wāhi tika, me te kī, "Āe, me haere tēnei ki konei, me haere tēnā ki reira," ki te roro (koinei te paparanga o waho rawa o tō tātou roro, te wāhi e nui ai te whakaaro). Koinā te wāhi e tātarihia ai aua mōhiohio, ā, ka mārama tātou ki a ia.

Hei whakamārama tika, he rite te thalamus ki tētahi teihana whakawhiti kōrero i roto i tō tātou roro.

He aha ngā mea ka pā ki tō tātou tinana mā roto i te thalamus? He aha āna mahi?

Ehara i te mea iti te mahi a Thalamasa. Anei ētahi o āna mahi matua:

• Te Tukunga Mōhiohio Ā-Aro: E ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai i mua ake nei, ko ngā kare ā-roto katoa e riro mai ana i ō tātou āro e rima (haunga te hongi) – te tirohanga, te whakarongo, te reka, te pā – ka tukuna ki te roro hei nekehanga io mā te thalamus. I roto i te thalamus, he wāhi motuhake mō ia o ēnei āro, e kiia nei ko ngā nuclei . Ka whiwhi ēnei nuclei i ngā mōhiohio, ka tukatuka, ka tuku atu ki ngā wāhi tika o te cortex roro.
• Ngā Mōhiohio Ā-Ngākau: Pērā i ngā mōhiotanga ā-pāpāho, ka tukuna hoki ngā karere e pā ana ki ngā nekehanga pēnei i te neke i ō tātou ringa me ō tātou waewae me te hikoi ki te roro mā te thalamus.
• Te Whakatairanga i te Aro: Whakaarohia i a koe e hikoi ana i te tiriti, e hia ngā mea ka rangona e koe, ka kitea hoki i te wā kotahi, pērā i te haruru o ngā waka, te kōrero a te tangata, me ērā atu mea? Kāore ianei e tino pōhēhē mēnā ka uru katoa ēnei mea ki roto i tō roro i te wā kotahi? I taua wā, ka āwhina te roro i a koe ki te whakatau, "He aha te mea tino nui i tēnei wā? He aha te mea me aro atu ahau?"
• Te Pupuri i te Māramatanga:He mea nui te moe hei pupuri i a tātou kia mataara, kia mataara hoki.
• Ngā mahi e pā ana ki te hinengaro me te mahara: E hono ana te thalamus ki tō tātou pūnaha limbic . He wāhanga nui tēnei pūnaha limbic o tō tātou roro e whakahaere ana i ō tātou kare ā-roto, e hanga ana, e penapena ana hoki i ngā mahara, e whai wāhi ana ki te whakaohooho ira tangata, ā, e whai wāhi ana hoki ki te ako. Nō reira, ka whai wāhi anō hoki te thalamus ki ēnei mahi.
• Te Mana Moe me te Mataara: Kei roto hoki te thalamus i ngā mahi pēnei i te huringa moe, te whakamoe i a tātou, me te whakaara i a tātou.

I ētahi wā, ka āwhina puku mai tēnei roro iti i a tātou ki ngā mea maha e kite ana, e rongo ana, e rongo ana, e whakaaro ana, e maumahara ana hoki tātou.

Me pēhea te mahi a te thalamus?

He tino māmā noa iho. Ka haere ngā karere pūoro (arā, ngā mōhiohio) mai i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tinana mā roto i ngā muka io , ka haere mā roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro, ā, ka tae ki te thalamus.

Kei roto i te thalamus ngā wāhi motuhake e kiia nei ko ngā nuclei, i kōrerotia e mātou i mua ake nei. Ko ia o ēnei nuclei te kawenga mō te tukatuka i ngā momo karere ā-tinana, ā-tinana rānei. Arā, ko tētahi nuclei mō ngā karere e puta mai ana i ngā kanohi, me tētahi atu mō ngā karere e puta mai ana i ngā taringa. Ka tīpakohia e ēnei nuclei ngā mōhiohio ka riro i a rātou, ka tukuna atu mā roto i ngā muka io e tika ana ki te wāhi e tika ana o te cortex roro . I reira ka mārama tika tātou ki ngā mōhiohio, ka whakautu atu hoki ki a rātou.

Hei tauira, whakaarohia kei te kite koe i tētahi putiputi ataahua. Ka uru te mārama ki roto i tō kanohi, ā, mai i reira, ka haere ngā kōrero mā te io whatu ki te pūtake tirohanga i roto i te thalamus (te "Lateral Geniculate Nucleus"). I reira, ka tukatukahia ngā kōrero ka tukuna ki te cortex tirohanga o te roro. Ko te wā tēnā ka mōhio koe, "Āe, he putiputi ataahua tēnei."

Kei hea te thalamus?

E ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai i mua ake nei, kei waenganui pū o te roro te thalamus. Hei whakamārama, kei runga noa iho i te kakau roro (te wāhanga e hono ana i te roro me te taurakira). Ahakoa he āhua kotahi te hanganga, e rua ngā thalamus, tētahi kei te taha matau o te roro, tētahi kei te taha maui.

Nā te mea kei waenganui pū tēnei wāhi, pērā i ngā tihi o te wira pahikara e toro atu ana mai i te pokapū o waenganui ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te wira, ka honoa ngā muka io o te thalamus ki te nuinga o ngā wāhanga o te cortex cerebral o te roro.

I te taha hauora, he wāhanga te thalamus o te diencephalon , kei roto hoki ko te hypothalamus , te subthalamus, me te epithalamus.

Ka aha mēnā ka pakaru te thalamus?

Kua mārama koe inaianei ki te hiranga me te nui o te mahi a te thalamus. Whakaarohia he aha ngā momo raruraru ka puta mai mēnā ka pā he mea ki tētahi pokapū nui pēnei. Inaa, ka pā te kino ki te thalamus ki ngā mahi maha.

Ngā tohu ka puta mai ina pakaru te thalamus:

• Te ngaronga o te mahara (Amnesia): Tērā pea ka uaua ki a koe te maumahara ki ngā mea hou, me te wareware hoki ki ngā mea tawhito.
• Te kore aro: Tērā pea ka ngaro tō hiahia ki ngā mea i pai ai koe ki mua.
• Te uaua ki te mārama, ki te kōrero rānei i te reo (Aphasia): Te uaua ki te mārama ki ngā kōrero, te kore e taea te hanga rerenga kōrero e mārama ana, ā, i ētahi wā he koretake ngā kupu.
• Te uaua ki te aro tonu, te kore e taea te noho mataara: He uaua ki te arotahi ki tetahi mea, ā, ka hiamoe pea koe i ngā wā katoa.
• Te uaua ki te tukatuka i ngā mōhiohio ā-pūmanawa: Ko ngā mea pēnei i te pā, te mamae, me te pāmahana, kāore pea e tino pāngia, e rerekē rānei te āhua.
• Ngā mate nekehanga: Tērā pea ka ngaro tō taurite, ka wiri, ka uaua hoki te hikoi.
• Te hiamoe pinepine: Tērā pea ka tino hiamoe koe, ahakoa i te awatea.
• Mamae mau tonu: He mamae nui e haere tahi ana me te wera i tetahi taha o te tinana, inā koa i roto i te āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te Thalamic Pain Syndrome .

Ngā āhuatanga kino ka puta mai i te pakaru o te thalamus:

• Te kore mohio me te koma.
• Ngā mate moe: Ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te kore moe . I ētahi wā onge, ka taea e te āhuatanga ira e kiia nei ko te Fatal Familial Insomnia te whakararu i te kore moe, tae noa ki te mate.
• Thalamic aphasia: He āhuatanga e kore e mārama ngā kupu, ā, kāore he tikanga o te kōrero.
• Ngā mate nekehanga: Ngā mea pēnei i te wiri.
• Ngā mamae mamae.
• Ngā raruraru tirohanga: ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tirohanga pōuri, te tairongo nui ake ki te mārama.

Ko ngā tino take o te kino ki te thallus:

• Te whiu ki te thalamus: Ka taea te pakaru o te thalamus i te aukati, i te pakaru rānei o te oko toto e tuku toto ana ki te roro.
• Ngā pukupuku i roto i te roro: Ki te puta he pukupuku roro i te taha o te roro, ka taea e ia te pana ki te roro, ka pā kino.

He aha ngā āhuatanga motuhake e pā ana ki te thalamus?

Tērā ētahi āhuatanga hauora e pā tika ana ki te whēkau, e kino rānei ki a ia. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Te Mate Moe Whānau Mate: He mate ira onge tēnei kua kōrerohia kētia e tātou. Nā te hapa o tētahi momo pūmua e kiia nei ko te Prion te take. Ka ngaro haere te moe o te hunga whai mate nei. I taua wā anō, ka tīmata rātou ki te pāngia e te manukanuka, te pouri, te mataku, me te moemoeā. Hei whakamutunga, ka pāngia rātou e te ngaronga o te hiahia kai, te hekenga taumaha, te mate wareware, me te kore e taea te kōrero, ka mate ai. He āhuatanga tino pouri tēnei.
• Te mate Creutzfeldt-Jacob me te mate Fabry: I roto i ēnei mate e rua, ka whakaatuhia e te matawai MRI he panoni o te mātotoru i te taha o muri o te thalamus. Ka kiia tēnei ko te "tohu Pulvinar", he tohu e āwhina ana ki te tautuhi i ēnei mate.
• Te mate Korsakoff: He mate tēnei e pā nui ana ki te hunga inu nui. Ka pakaru te hanganga i roto i te roro e kiia nei ko te mammillothalamic fasciculus , e hono ana ki te thalamus. Ka pā nui tēnei ki te mahara.

He maimoatanga kei reira e aro ana ki te thalamus?

Ae, i ētahi wā, ka arohia ngā maimoatanga ki te thalamus. Hei tauira, mō te hunga whai mate a Parkinson kāore e taea te whakahaere tika e te rongoā, ka whakamahia he maimoatanga e kiia nei ko te Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) hei aro ki te Ventral Intermediate Nucleus o te thalamus. Ka taea e tēnei te āwhina ki te whakahaere i ngā tohu o te mate a Parkinson, pērā i te wiri.

Ngā mea tino nui hei maumahara mā tātou

Nō reira, he tino puku tēnei thalamus i kōrerotia e tātou i tēnei rā, engari he tino kaha te mahi i roto i tō tātou roro.

Koinei te pokapū matua e tohatoha ana i ngā karere kare ā-tinana (kakara) me ngā karere nekeneke mai i te tinana ki te toenga o te roro. He rite ki te tari poutapeta nui!

• Māna tātou e āwhina kia mahi tika ai me ō tātou ira titiro, ira whakarongo, ira reka, me te ira pā.
• Ina neke tātou, he karere e tika ana kei roto.
• He hononga anō hoki tōna ki ngā mea pēnei i tō tātou aro, tō tātou hinengaro, tō tātou moe, tō tātou mahara, me ngā kare ā-roto.

Nō reira, ki te mea he kino kei te thalamus, ka pā ki ngā āhuatanga maha o ō tātou oranga. Ki te mea kei a koe ētahi o ngā tohu kua whakahuatia i roto i tēnei tuhinga, rapua he tohutohu hauora . He mea nui rawa hoki kia kitea te take me te rongoā wawe tonu.

He tino okana whakamiharo te thalamus, kāore? He mea whakamiharo te whakaaro ki te maha o ngā mahi nui a ia wāhanga iti o te tinana!

` Thalamus, roro, pūnaha io, kare ā-roto, nekehanga, mahara, moe, mate roro