Ngā mea me mōhio koe mō te mea pango o te roro (Substantia Nigra)!

Kua whakaaro kē koe me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga o tō tinana, te huarahi e hikoi ai koe, te huarahi e neke ai ō ringa me ō waewae? E hono ana ēnei katoa ki tētahi wāhanga iti engari he tino nui o tō tātou roro. Ko te Substantia Nigra te ingoa o taua wāhanga. I tēnei rā, ka kōrero tātou mō tēnei wāhanga whakamiharo.

Nā, he aha te mea ka tupu ki te Substantia Nigra?

Ki te kī ngāwari, ko tēnei wāhanga e kiia nei ko te substantia nigra he wāhanga o te pūnaha 'Basal Ganglia' i roto i tō roro. Hei whakamārama, koinei te mea e āwhina ana ki te whakahaere i ō nekehanga me te kaha o te uaua. Ko te take matua mō tēnei he mea whakaputa e te substantia nigra tētahi matū tino nui e kiia nei ko te dopamine . He rite tēnei dopamine ki tētahi karere i roto i tō tātou roro. E rua ngā wāhanga matua o tēnei substantia nigra. He paku rerekē te mahi a ia wāhanga.

1. SN pars reticulata

Ko te mahi nui o tēnei wāhanga ko te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga o ō kanohi, me tō kaha ki te ako i ngā mea hou me te whakaaro. Kei roto i ngā pūtau roro o tēnei wāhi he matū e kiia nei ko te waikawa gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) . Ka mahi te GABA mā te whakaiti i ngā mahi koretake o ngā pūtau roro. Arā, ka āwhina i te roro ki te aukati i te tuku tohu koretake ki ngā uaua. He rite tēnei ki te pirihimana waka e aukati ana i ngā waka koretake.

2. SN pars compacta

Ko ngā neurons, arā, ngā pūtau io, i tēnei wāhanga te wāhi e tino nui ai te matū dopamine i whakahuatia ake nei. Nō reira, he maha ngā mea e pā ana ki tēnei wāhanga, pērā i ō kare ā-roto, tō kaha ki te ako, te āhua o tō whakatau i ngā tūponotanga me ngā hua, me ō hihiri. Ko te hekenga o te dopamine te tino take o ngā mate pēnei i te mate a Parkinson .

Nā, kei hea te Substantia Nigra?

Kei waenganui o tō roro tēnei wāhanga e kiia nei ko te substantia nigra (SN), e kiia nei ko te roro waenga . E ai ki te ingoa, kei waenganui o tō roro. Hei whakamārama, kei runga ake i te kakau roro , e tata ana ki te wāhi e tūtaki ai te upoko me te kaki, ā, ka tīmata te taurakira . Ahakoa e kiia ana ko te 'substantia nigra', e rua ngā wāhanga o tō roro. Kei ia taha o te roro waenga ēnei wāhanga. Kei roto i ia wāhanga ngā wāhanga kua whakahuatia ake nei e kiia nei ko te pars reticulata (SN pars reticulata) me te pars compacta (SN pars compacta). Ina honoa ēnei e rua, ka kiia ko te 'substantia nigra' (substantiae nigrae).

He aha te āhua o tēnei? He aha te tae? He nui?

Nō te reo Latina te ingoa Substantia Nigra. Ko tōna tikanga he 'matū pango' . Ko te take o tēnei, ahakoa he hina māwhero te toenga o tō roro, he pouri ake tēnei wāhanga e kiia nei ko Substantia Nigra. Hei whakamārama, he rite ki tētahi whitiki pango e karapotia ana e ngā kiko mārama. Ko te take o tēnei, he matū kei roto i ngā pūtau roro o tēnei rohe ko te Melanin . I mōhio koe, kei roto hoki i ō tātou pūtau kiri te Melanin. Ina pāngia e te rā, ka parauri (pango) tō tātou kiri nā tēnei Melanin. Ki te pātai koe he aha tōna rahi, he wāhanga tino iti noa iho. Whakaarohia, ka taea e koe te whakauru i te 25 o ēnei substantia nigra ki roto i tētahi pōro korowha noa! He iti rawa. Ko tētahi atu mea, ahakoa he wāhanga o te ganglia basal, ehara te substantia nigra (SN) i te ganglion. He nucleus , he hanganga i roto i te pūnaha io kei roto he rōpū pūtau e mahi ana i te mea kotahi, he hononga rite rānei.

He aha te mea hanga o te Substantia Nigra?

E rua ngā momo pūtau matua o tō pūkahukahu matua, tae atu ki te substantia nigra. Me kōrero taipitopito tātou mō ēnei.

• Ngā Neuron : Ko ngā pūtau ēnei o tō roro me tō pūnaha io . Ko rātou ngā mea e tuku ana, e tuku ana i ngā tohu. Ka taea e rātou te tuku tohu mā te matū, mā te hiko rānei.
• Ngā pūtau glial: He rite ēnei ki ngā pūtau āwhina o te pūnaha io. Ahakoa kāore e tuku tika ana i ngā tohu io, ka āwhina i ngā neuron e mahi ana i taua mahi.

He kōrero iti mō ngā neurons

Ko ngā neuron he momo pūtau e tuku ana, e whiwhi ana hoki i ngā karere mā roto i tō pūnaha io mā te whakamahi i ngā tohu hiko me ngā tohu matū. Ko ēnei ngā wāhanga o te neuron:

• Tinana pūtau: Koinei te wāhanga matua o te pūtau.
• Ākona: He wāhanga roa, rite ki te ringa, e toro atu ana i te tinana pūtau. Kei te pito kē o te ākona he maha ngā wāhanga roa, rite ki te maihao. Koinei te wāhi e hurihia ai te tohu hiko mai i te neuron hei tohu matū. Ka kiia hoki ēnei wāhanga rite ki te maihao ko ngā synapses . Koinei te wāhi e hono ai te neuron ki ētahi atu pūtau io tata.
• Ngā Dendrite: Koinei ngā hanganga iti, rite ki te peka i runga i te tinana pūtau (i ahu mai te ingoa i te kupu Latina ko te tikanga 'rite ki te rākau'). Ka whiwhi ngā Dendrite i ngā tohu matū mai i ngā synapses i runga i ētahi atu neuron.
• Miereni (Myelin : He paparanga angiangi, he ngako tēnei e karapoti ana i te axon o te neuron. He hipoki tiaki tēnei.

He tino uaua ngā hononga io. Ka taea e ngā dendrite o te io kotahi te hono atu ki ngā mano tini o ngā synapses. He roa ētahi io, he poto ētahi. Kei te wāhi kei roto i te tinana me te mahi e mahia ana e rātou tēnei.

He aha ngā pūtau glial?

He maha ngā mahi a ngā pūtau glial. Ka āwhina i ngā neuron ki te tipu me te whanake i a koe e tamariki ana, ā, ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te mahi a ngā neuron puta noa i tō oranga. Ka tiaki hoki i tō pūnaha io mai i te mate, ka whakahaere i te taurite matū o tō pūnaha io, ā, ka hanga i te pūeru myelin huri noa i ō axons. I mōhio koe? E tekau ngā wā he nui ake ngā pūtau glial i ngā neuron i roto i tō pūnaha io!

He aha ngā mate e pāngia ana e te Substantia Nigra?

He maha ngā mate me ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki te Substantia Nigra. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• Te mate a Alzheimer
• Ngā pukupuku roro
• Ngā whara o te upoko, inā koa ngā whara roro pēnei i te whara o te roro
• Te pānga ki ngā matū paitini , ngā paitini rānei pērā i te Trichloroethylene (TCE)
• Ngā mate urutā (ina koa ko ngā mate urutā e mumura ai te roro, pērā i te encephalitis )
• Ngā mate mumura, ngā mate pūnaha ārai mate rānei , pērā i te lupus
• Ngā āhuatanga tuku iho pērā i te mate a Huntington
• Te mate wareware tinana o Lewy
• Te ngoikore o te pūnaha maha
• Te mate a Parkinson - Koinei te mate e kōrerohia ana e pā ana ki te Substantia Nigra, nā te mea i roto i tēnei mate, ka whakangaromia ngā pūtau e whakaputa ana i te dopamine.
• Te pararutiki supranuclear ahu whakamua
• Whiu
• Te mate a Wilson

He aha ngā tohu noa o ngā mate e pā ana ki te Substantia Nigra?

Ko ngā tohu o ngā mate e pā ana ki te pūnaha ganglia basal, te substantia nigra rānei, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo mate. Heoi anō, kei reira ētahi tohu noa:

• Ngā raruraru taurite me te taunga
• Ngā ngoikore o te uaua me ngā kōpeketanga
• Te wiri me te wiri
• He uaua ki te arotahi, ki te whakaaro, ki te whakaoti rapanga rānei
• He uaua ki te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga o ngā kanohi, ka puta ai ngā raruraru tirohanga

He aha ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana hei tautuhi i ēnei āhuatanga?

He maha ngā whakamātautau hei āwhina i te tautuhi i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tō roro, arā, te substantia nigra. Ko ngā whakamātautau e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:

• Ngā whakamātautau toto: Ka taea e ēnei te kite i ngā momo mea, mai i ngā raruraru o te pūnaha ārai mate ki te whakauru mai o ngā paitini ki te tinana, inā koa ngā konganuku pēnei i te parahi, te mercury, me te mata.
• Matawai tomography rorohiko (CT)
• Ngā pūmanawa whakaoho (ngā whakamātautau pānga)
• Whakamātautau ira
• Matawai whakaahua aukume (MRI)
• Matawai i te tomografi tukunga Positron (PET)
• Tomography rorohiko tukunga photon kotahi (matawai SPECT)

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō ngā mate e pā ana ki te Substantia Nigra?

Nā te mea he maha ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki te substantia nigra, he rerekē hoki ngā maimoatanga e wātea ana. Ko te momo maimoatanga ka whiwhi koe ka whakawhirinaki katoa ki te āhua o tō mate. I ētahi wā ka taea te whakahaere i ēnei āhuatanga mā te rongoā . Ko ētahi atu āhuatanga ka hiahiatia he pokanga . Ahakoa ka taea te whakaora katoa i ētahi āhuatanga, ko ētahi kāore pea e pai ki te maimoatanga. Mēnā kāore e taea te whakaora katoa i tētahi āhuatanga, he pai ake te whakahaere i ngā tohu .

He aha taku e taea ai hei tiaki i taku Substantia Nigra?

He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki tō roro, arā, te substantia nigra, ka taea te ārai, te whakaroa rānei. Heoi anō, ko te mate a ParkinsonHe uaua ki te ārai i ētahi mate, pērā i te mate pukupuku, nā te mea ka puta ohorere mai. Heoi, anei ētahi o ngā mea tino nui ka taea e koe te mahi:

• Kai i tētahi kai taurite. Ka pā te kai e kainga ana e koe ki te hauora o tō pūnaha tohanga toto me tō taumaha. E pā tika ana ēnei ki te hauora o tō roro.
• Kia kaha te tinana i ngā wā katoa, kia mau tonu hoki te taumaha hauora. Ka taea e tō taumaha me tō taumata mahi te āwhina i te ārai, te whakaroa rānei i ngā mate e pā ana ki te roro, inā koa te toto toto tiketike, te whiu rānei.
• Mauria ngā taputapu tiaki ina hiahiatia. Ka taea e ngā whara o te mahunga, inā koa ko ngā whara roro me ētahi atu whara mamae o te roro, te whakararu i te roro. Ka taea e te kino te noho pumau i ētahi wā. Nō reira, he mea nui kia mauria ngā taputapu tiaki hei ārai i ngā whara o te roro, i te mahi me te wā wātea.
• Whakahaerehia ō mate pūmau. He maha ngā mate e pā ana ki te roro me te pūnaha io ka kino haere i roto i te wā. Mā te rongoā tika i ēnei mate pūmau ka taea te whakaroa i tō rātou whanaketanga me te whakaiti i te pānga o ngā tohu.

Karere Whakamutunga mō te Tango ki te Kāinga

E kite ana koe, he wāhanga iti noa iho te substantia nigra o tō tātou roro, engari he mahi tino nui tāna. Ahakoa kei te ako tonu ngā tohunga i te maha o ngā mea mōna, he maha ngā mea kua mōhiotia e tātou. He wāhanga nui ia o ngā pūnaha tohu hiko me te matū o tō tātou roro. Ka āwhina hoki ia ki te whakarite i ā tātou nekehanga, tirohanga, me te maha atu o ngā mea.

Kia maumahara, he mea tino nui te hauora o tō roro mō tō hauora whānui. Nō reira, kaua e wareware ki te tiaki i tō roro, me te whai i tētahi momo oranga hauora.

I te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te whanaketanga o ngā rangahau hauora, ka nui ake tā tātou ako mō ngā mahi o roto o te Substantia Nigra me te pehea ki te rongoā i ngā mate e pā ana ki a ia. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whai tumanako!

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Te Nigra Matua, te Roro, te Dopamine, te Mate a Parkinson, te Nekehanga, te Pūnaha Io