Kei te ngenge tonu koe, kei te ngoikore hoki? Ka pōuri koe ina hikoi koe i tawhiti, ina piki arawhata rānei? I te nuinga o te wā, ka kiia tēnei he "anemia" he "anemia" rānei. He pono. Engari, kua whakaaro koe kei te whakaeke, kei te whakangaro pea te pūnaha ārai mate o tō tinana, arā, te pūnaha ārai mate, i ō toto whero? I tēnei rā kei te kōrero tātou mō tētahi mate onge e tino mōhiotia ana e te katoa. Ko te ingoa o tēnei ko te Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia , arā, (AIHA) te whakarapopototanga.
He whakarāpopototanga, he aha tēnei AIHA?
Hei mārama ki tēnei, me titiro tuatahi tātou ki te tikanga o te anemia. Ko te anemia he whakahekenga o te maha o ngā toto toto whero i roto i tō tinana e kawe ana i te hāora. Ka hangaia ēnei toto toto whero i roto i tō tātou hinu wheua. I te nuinga o te wā, ka ora te toto toto whero kotahi mō te 120 rā pea. Ina whakaitihia ēnei pūtau, kāore ngā whekau o te tinana e whiwhi i te nui o te hāora e tika ana. Koia te take e ngenge ai tātou, e ngoikore ai hoki.
Ināianei, ka puta he mea tino rerekē i roto i te AIHA. Ko te pūnaha ārai mate , e tiaki ana i tō tātou tinana mai i te mate, ka hē te tautuhi i ōna ake toto whero hauora hei "hoariri." He rite ki te ope taua o tētahi whenua e whakaeke ana i ōna ake iwi. Ina tīmata te pūnaha ārai mate ki te whakangaro i ngā toto whero i tēnei ara, ka ngaro rātou i te tere e kore e taea e te hinu wheua te pupuri. I ētahi wā, he torutoru noa ngā rā e ora ai te toto whero. Koinei te mea e kiia nei e mātou ko te Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA).
He aha ngā momo matua o te AIHA?
E rua ngā momo matua o te AIHA. Ko tētahi e ahu mai ana i te pūtake. Ko tētahi e ahu mai ana i te pāmahana e whakangaromia ai ngā toto whero. Kia titiro tātou he aha ēnei.
| Whakarōpūtanga | Whakaahuatanga |
|---|---|
| AIHA Matua | I tēnei āhuatanga, kāore e kitea he mate, he take rānei hei take o te AIHA. Arā, he āhuatanga motuhake tēnei. |
| AIHA Tuarua | I konei, ka puta te AIHA i tētahi atu mate hauora (hei tauira, ētahi atu mate pūnaha ārai mate pērā i te lupus, ētahi momo mate pukupuku) i tētahi mate pāwera rānei. |
| Te whakarōpū mā te pāmahana | |
| Te Anemia Hemolytic Autoimmune Mahana | Koinei te momo tino noa. I roto i tēnei momo, ka whakangaromia e te pūnaha ārai mate ngā toto whero i te pāmahana tinana noa, i runga ake rānei. Ka puta tēnei i tētahi momo paturopi motuhake e kiia nei ko te IgG. |
| Te Anemia Hemolytic Ā-tinana Makariri (CAD) | He tino onge tēnei. Ko tētahi atu ingoa mō tēnei ko te Mate Makariri Agglutinin (CAD). I roto i tēnei, ka whakangaromia ngā pūtau toto whero ina pāngia te tinana e te makariri. Ko te momo paturopi e mahi ana i tēnei ko te IgM. |
He aha ngā tohu o tēnei mate?
He rite tonu te nuinga o ngā tohu o te AIHA ki ērā o ētahi atu mate toto iti, engari kāore pea ētahi tāngata e pāngia e tētahi tohu mena he kino rawa te whakangaromanga o ngā toto whero.
Ngā tohu e kitea whānuitia ana:
- Ngoikore me te ngenge: Ka kitea te ngenge nui ahakoa i muri i te mahi iti.
- Kiri mā: Te mā o te kiri, ngā ngutu, me ngā maikuku.
- Tachycardia: He kare ā-roto e tere ana te pao o te manawa ahakoa kei te tū noa koe.
- Te poto o te manawa: Ka puta tēnei ina paku ngenge koe.
- Mamae o te uma.
- Te kōwhai o ngā kanohi me te kiri (Jaundice): Koinei te āhua e kīia nei e tātou he jaundice.
- Mimi pouri: He mimi pouri te tae, pērā i te kora.
- Te kī tonu: Nā te nui haere o te ate.
Tērā pea ka pāngia te hunga whai AIHA makariri (CAD) e ēnei tohu tāpiri:
- He makariri tonu ngā ringa me ngā waewae.
- Ka huri kikorangi/whero ngā ringa me ngā waewae ina pāngia e te makariri.
- Te mamae o te upoko.
- Te mamae o te tuara me te waewae.
He aha ngā pūtake o te AIHA?
I te nuinga o te wā, he uaua ki te kimi i tētahi take motuhake mō tēnei āhuatanga (AIHA Matua). Heoi, i ētahi wā ka puta mai i ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora (AIHA Tuarua).
- Ētahi atu mate pūnaha ārai mate: Hei tauira, ngā mate pēnei i te lupus.
- Ko ētahi momo mate pukupuku:Tērā pea ko ngā mate pukupuku e pā ana ki te toto pērā i te leukemia (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia) me te lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma).
- Ngā mate urutā: Ngā mate kitakita pēnei i te *Mycoplasma pneumoniae*.
- Ngā huaketo: Ngā huaketo pēnei i te huaketo Epstein-Barr, te HIV, me te hepatitis.
- Ētahi rongoā: Ka puta pea tēnei hei tauhohenga ki ētahi rongoā pēnei i te penicillin me te methyldopa.
Ko te mea nui , ehara te AIHA i te mate hopuhopu. He raruraru ki te pūnaha ārai mate. Heoi, ko ētahi huaketo (hei tauira, ko Epstein-Barr) ka puta ai tēnei mate, ka taea te horapa mai i te tangata ki te tangata.
Me pēhea te tautuhi i te mate?
Ki te puta mai ngā tohu o te anemia i a koe, ko te mea tuatahi me mahi ko te toro atu ki tō tākuta tonu . Ka pātai atu ia ki a koe mō ō tohu me ngā rongoā e tangohia ana e koe, ā, ka tirotirohia koe. Ki te tika, ka tukuna koe e ia ki tētahi tohunga toto.
He maha ngā whakamātautau toto e mahia ana hei tautuhi i te mate.
- Te Tatau Toto Katoa (CBC): Mā tēnei ka tirohia te maha o ngā toto whero, ngā toto mā, me ngā pereti toto. Ko te iti o te maha o ngā toto whero he tohu o te anemia.
- Whakamātautau Coombs: Koinei te whakamātautau tino motuhake mō te AIHA. Ka tirohia mēnā kei te hanga paturopi tō tinana hei ārai i ngā toto whero.
- Te Pānui ā-Taiao: Ka tirohia he tauira toto i raro i te karuārai hei rapu i ngā tohu o te whakangaromanga o ngā pūtau whero.
- Whakamātautau Bilirubin: Ina whakangaromia ngā pūtau toto whero, ka piki ake te taumata o te matū e kiia nei ko te bilirubin i roto i te toto. Koinei te take o te tae kōwhai.
- Te Tatau o ngā Reticulocyte: E ine ana tēnei i te maha o ngā toto whero hou kāore anō kia pakari e hangaia ana e te hinu wheua. Ko te tikanga o te nui o te tau kei te kaha rawa te mahi a te hinu wheua ki te hanga pūtau hou hei whakakapi i ngā mea e whakangaromia ana.
He aha ngā maimoatanga mō te AIHA?
Ko te maimoatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kaha o ō tohumate, te momo AIHA, me te pūtake. Mena kāore ō tohumate i te kino, kāore pea e hiahiatia he maimoatanga.
- Ngā Steroid: Ko ngā rongoā steroid pēnei i te Prednisolone te raina maimoatanga tuatahi. Ka mahi ēnei mā te pehi i te mahi a te pūnaha ārai mate me te aukati i a ia ki te whakangaro i ngā pūtau toto whero.
- Ētahi atu rongoā ārai mate: Ki te kore te mate e pai ki ngā steroids, ka whakamahia ētahi atu rongoā pēnei i te Rituximab.
- Te tango i te whēkau: I te nuinga o te wā, ka pakaru ngā toto whero i roto i te whēkau. Nō reira, ki te kore e taea e te rongoā te whakahaere, ka whakatau pea ngā tākuta ki te tango i te whēkau mā te pokanga.
- Te Whakawhiti Toto: Mena he kino te mate toto kore toto, tera pea e hiahiatia he whakawhiti toto hei whakaora i te ora.
- Te tiaki i a koe mai i te makariri (mō te AIHA makariri/CAD): Mena he AIHA makariri tōu, he mea nui te tiaki i a koe mai i te makariri.
- Me mau karapu ina tangohia mai ngā mea i roto i te pouaka whakamātao.
- Ki te haere koe ki waho i te rangi makariri, mauria he pōtae, he hāri, me he koti.
- Ki te haere koe ki tētahi wāhi he nui te hauhautanga, mauria he kākahu mahana.
Ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta kia tangohia e koe he tāpiringa waikawa folic (Huaora B9) , nā te mea e hiahiatia ana tēnei huaora mō te tere o te hanga toto whero.
He aha ngā raruraru ka puta mai i tēnei āhuatanga?
Ki te kore te AIHA e rongoatia tika, ka puta pea ētahi raruraru.
- Ngā Puku Toto: Ka puta ngā puku toto i roto i ngā uaua, inā koa i ngā waewae. Mēnā ka haere ēnei ki ngā pukahukahu (Pulmonary Embolism), he tino morearea te āhua.
- Te kino o te whatukuhu: Ka pā te kino o te whatukuhu ki te AIHA kāore i te whakahaeretia.
- Mate ngakau: Ka kaha ake te mahi a te ngakau i te wā roa o te anemia, ka ngoikore ai te ngakau.
Kāore he take e wehi ai koe i ēnei mea. Ko te mea nui ko te whiwhi i te tātaritanga tika me te whai i ngā tohutohu me te maimoatanga a te tākuta. Kātahi ka taea e koe te karo i te maha o ēnei raruraru.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ko te mate toto toto ā-tinana (AIHA) he āhuatanga onge e whakangaromia ai e tō pūnaha ārai mate ō ake toto whero i roto i te hē.
- Ki te pā mai ngā tohu pēnei i te ngenge pinepine, te kiri mā, te uaua ki te manawa, me te kōwhai o ngā kanohi, kaua e mangere .
- Ki te pā mai ēnei tohu ki a koe, me toro atu ki te tākuta tonu, me rapu tohutohu. Kaua e rongoā i a koe anō.
- Ehara te AIHA i te mate hopuhopu, nō reira kāore he take e wehea ai te tūroro.
- Mā te maimoatanga tika, ka taea e te tini o te tangata te whakahaere pai i tēnei mate me te noho i te oranga noa. Nō reira kaua e wehi.
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