He raruraru kei tō kornea? Me ako tātou mō te mate pukupuku kornea!

He pōuriuri te āhua o ō kanohi? He uaua ki a koe te titiro ki te mārama i ētahi wā? He rite tonu rānei ki te mea kei te hē tetahi mea o ō kanohi? He tohu ēnei i ētahi wā mō tētahi mate e pā ana ki te kornea o te kanohi. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi o aua mate, ko te "Corneal Dystrophy". Kaua e manukanuka, ka kōrerohia tēnei mō te ngāwari, i roto i tētahi huarahi e mārama ai koe.

He aha te mate pukupuku o te kiriuhi?

He kupu ngāwari noa iho, ko te mate kiriuhi he kupu whānui mō tētahi rōpū āhuatanga e pā ana ki te kiriuhi , te wāhanga mārama o tō kanohi. Neke atu i te 20 ngā momo mate rerekē kei raro i tēnei wāhanga. Ka taea e ēnei momo mate kiriuhi te whakarerekē, te kino rānei i ngā kiko o te kiriuhi. He rite ki te whai ira iti, i ngā rārangi rānei i runga i tētahi karāhe mārama e kore e kitea mārama ina titiro koe mā roto. Ki te kino rawa atu tēnei kino, ka rerekē pea tō tirohanga, tae atu ki te ngaronga o te tirohanga.

Ko te mea nui, he mate ira ēnei mate kiriuhi kanohi. Arā, nā ngā huringa o roto i tō tātou DNA i puta ai. Ko ētahi huringa ka taea te tuku iho i ō mātua. Ko ētahi ka puta ohorere, ā-wāhanga noa iho. Ko ētahi momo mate ka puta mō ngā take kāore anō kia tino māramahia e ngā tohunga.

He momo mate pukupuku o te kornea kei reira?

Āe, ka whakarōpūtia ēnei i runga i te pānga ki ngā paparanga rerekē o te kornea. Ko te nuinga o ēnei ko:

• Ko ērā e pā ana ki ngā paparanga o waho o te cornea (epithelial me subepithelial).
• Ko ērā e pā ana ki ngā paparanga o waho me waenganui o te kornea (Epithelial-stromal).
• Ko ērā e pā ana ki te paparanga waenga o te kornea (Stromal).
• Ko ngā mea e pā ana ki te paparanga o roto rawa o te cornea (endothelial).

Nā, kia tirohia tātou ia momo me ētahi atu taipitopito.

Ngā ngoikoretanga o te kornea epithelial me te subepithelial

Koinei ngā mate e pā ana ki ngā paparanga o runga o te kornea. Ko ētahi tauira:

• Te ngoikore o te kiriuhi papa raro o te epithelial
• Ngā mate pūngao epithelial recurrent erophics (e toru ngā momo)
• Te ngoikore o te mate huka rite ki te maturuturu
• Te ngoikore o te epithelial Lisch
• Te mate pukupuku o Meesmann
• Te ngoikore o te mucinous subepithelial

Ko te nuinga o ēnei mate pukupuku ka puta i te tamarikitanga . Heoi, ko te mate pukupuku o te kiriuhi papa raro o te epithelial ka puta i te pakeketanga (ahakoa kāore i te katoa). Ko tētahi atu ko te mate pukupuku o te kornea he rite ki te maturuturu gelatinous.Ka taea tēnei te puta i ngā tau katoa i mua i te 20 tau.

Ngā mate pukupuku epithelial-stromal

Ka pāngia e ēnei te paparanga o waho o te kornea me te paparanga waenga i raro iho.

• Te mate pukupuku o te kornea (momo 1 me te 2)
• Te mate pukupuku o te kornea (he momo me ngā momo rerekē anō hoki tēnei)
• Te mate pukupuku o Reis-Bückler
• Te mate pukupuku o Thiel-Behnke

He nui ake te tūponotanga ka puta ēnei āhuatanga katoa i te tamarikitanga . Ka puta pea te momo mate pukupuku o te kornea momo 1 i te 20 tau te pakeke.

Ngā mate pukupuku stromal

Ka pā te nuinga o ēnei ki te paparanga matotoru o waenganui o te kornea.

• Te ngoikore o te macular
• Te mate kiriuhi Schneider
• Te mate pūkahukahu stromal tuku iho whānau
• Te mate pukupuku o Fleck
• Te mate koretake o muri
• Te mate pukupuku o mua i te Descemet
• Te mate pōuri o François i waenganui o te kapua

Ko te nuinga o te wā ka pāngia ngā tamariki e te mate stromal dystrophy. Heoi, e rua o ēnei ka puta i a koe e pakeke haere ana. Ka taea e te mate Schneider corneal dystrophy te puta tae noa ki te 30 tau te pakeke, ā, ko te mate pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy ka puta i muri i te 30 tau te pakeke.

Ngā mate pukupuku o te kornea endothelial

He mate ēnei e pā ana ki te paparanga tino tairongo o roto i te kornea.

• Te ngoikore o te endothelial Fuchs
• Te mate pūrua o muri
• Te mate pukupuku endothelial tuku iho whānau
• Te ngoikore o te endothelial hono-X

O ngā mate pukupuku o te kornea katoa, ko te mate pukupuku o te kornea endothelial a Fuchs te mea tino noa , e 39% tēnei o ngā whakawhitinga kornea katoa e mahia ana i te Hononga o Amerika.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku o te kornea?

He rerekē ngā tohu o te mate kiriuhi kanohi i runga i te momo e pāngia ana koe. Tērā pea kāore he tohu o ētahi tāngata. Ina puta mai ngā tohu, ka pā ki ngā kanohi e rua, ā, ka kino haere i te roanga o te wā.

Whakaarohia tō korēnia he rite ki tētahi karāhe tino āhua, mārama, he mea kore he hapa. Engari ka taea e te mate korēnia te whakarerekē i tēnā. I roto i te nuinga o ēnei āhuatanga, ka tupu he kiko hou ki te korēnia, ka puta rānei ki ngā wāhi kāore e tika ana. Kātahi, hei utu mō te titiro mā roto i te karāhe mārama, ka rite ki te titiro mā roto i te karāhe tawhito, he hapa, he mea pupuhi. He uaua ki te kite mā roto i tēnā, kāore?

Waihoki, ko te hanganga, te kohikohinga rānei o ngā kiko hou ka uaua ai te kite mā roto i ngā paparanga o te kornea e pāngia ana. Koia te take he mea noa te tirohanga pōuri , te tirohanga kohu rānei i waenga i te hunga e pāngia ana e te mate kornea.

Ko ngā tohu tino kitea ko ēnei:

• Te ngaronga o te mārama o te tirohanga: Ka puta tēnei ina hekē te mata o te cornea, ina kore rānei e ora tika. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kāore e tino mārama tō tirohanga ahakoa kei te mau koe i ngā mōhiti, i ngā karaihe whakapā rānei.
• Kohu o te kornea: Ka taea e tēnei te hanga i tō tirohanga kia pōuri. He pānga toenga tēnei o te kino, o ngā huringa rānei o te kornea.
• Te kare o tētahi mea ke: Me te mea kei te mau tetahi mea i roto i te kanohi , engari ki te titiro koe, kāore e kitea he mea.
• Te mamae o ngā kanohi, te riri rānei o ngā kanohi: Tērā pea ka kitea ake ēnei tohu ina ara ake koe i muri i te noho katia mō te wā roa, hei tauira ina ara ake koe i te ata.
• Te aro ki te mārama (Te mataku ki te mārama): Ko te tikanga ka kore e taea te whakamanawanui i te mārama kanapa, ā, ka pā mai pea te mamae, te kore whakamarie rānei.
• Ngā kanohi waiwai (Epiphora): Ki te maroke ō kanohi, tera pea nā te mea kei te ngana tō pūnaha roimata ki te whakaputa i ngā roimata hei utu.
• Nystagmus: Ngā nekehanga kanohi tere kore whakahaere mai i tetahi taha ki tetahi taha, i roto rānei i te nekehanga porowhita.

He aha te take o te dystrophy corneal?

E hono ana ia o ēnei momo rerekē o te mate pukupuku o te kornea ki ngā āhuatanga ira . Ka taea ēnei te noho hei huringa "de novo" (arā, ka puta noa i roto i tō tinana) ka taea rānei te tuku iho i tētahi, i ō mātua tokorua rānei.

Ko ētahi rerekētanga tuku iho e hiahia ana kia kotahi noa te tārua o te ira mai i tētahi mātua. Ko ētahi atu rerekētanga e hiahia ana kia rua ngā tārua o te ira kua whakarerekētia, kotahi mai i ia mātua. Waihoki, kei reira tonu ētahi momo mate pukupuku o te kornea, ā, me rangahau anō kia kitea ai he aha ngā rerekētanga ira motuhake e hua ai ēnei.

Ko wai te mea tino mōrearea ki tēnei mate?

Ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku o te kornea kāore e rerekē te pānga ki te tangata mā te iwi, mā te ira tangata rānei. Ko te mea anake i rerekē ko te mate pukupuku o te kornea endothelial a Fuchs.He maha ngā āhuatanga mōrearea motuhake mōna:

• Iwi: He nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia te Pākehā e tēnei mate.
• Tau: Ko te hunga neke atu i te 30 tau te pakeke ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia e tēnei mate.
• Ira Tangata: He nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia ngā wāhine e tēnei mate.

He aha ngā raruraru pea o te mate pukupuku o te kornea?

Ko ēnei āhuatanga, e taka ana ki raro i te maru o te mate pukupuku o te kornea, ka pā ki te huarahi e haere ai te mārama mā roto i tō kornea. Nō reira, ka heke te mārama o tō kornea, ka whakapōturi i te mārama e haere ana mā roto. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka taea e te mate pukupuku o te kornea te whakararuraru i te tirohanga , engari kāore e arahi ki te matapo katoa .

Heoi, he raruraru nui te ngaronga o te tirohanga. Ka pā ki tō kaha ki te taraiwa, ki te pānui pukapuka, me te mahi i ngā mahi o ia rā.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i te dystrophy corneal?

Ka taea e te tohunga kanohi, he tākuta kanohi, he tākuta kanohi rānei, te tātaritanga i te mate pukupuku o te kornea. Ka whakamahia e rātou he huinga taputapu me ngā tikanga hei mahi i tēnā. Ko te wāhanga nui ko te whakamātautau kanohi , inā koa he whakamātautau rama kuiti . Ko te whakamātautau rama kuiti ko te tirotiro i roto i tō kanohi me te karuārai motuhake. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā tākuta te kite i ngā huringa, i ngā kino rānei e pā ana ki te mate pukupuku o te kornea.

Ko ētahi atu whakamātautau ka whakamahia pea e tō tohunga kanohi ko:

• Te āhua o te kornea: Mā tēnei ka hangaia he "mahere" o te mata o tō kornea. Ka whakaatu mēnā he wāhi kei te mata o te kornea he teitei ake, he iti iho rānei i ngā wāhi e karapoti ana.
• Pachymetry: Mā tēnei ka ine i te matotoru o tō cornea. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te tautuhi i ngā raruraru kei roto i ngā paparanga hohonu o te cornea (pērā i te endothelial dystrophy).
• Whakamātautau ira: Ko te tikanga, ko te tango i tētahi tauira o tō huware, o tō toto rānei, me te rapu i ngā huringa DNA motuhake. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakaū i te momo mate pukupuku o te kornea kei a koe.
• Tomography Taurite Ātaahua (OCT): Ahakoa e whakamahia ana tēnei hei tirotiro i tō retina, ka taea hoki e tēnei whakamātautau te whakarato i ngā matawai whai hua o tō kornea. He tino whai hua tēnei ina whakamahere ana i ētahi maimoatanga kornea.
• Kohikohi kanohi: Ka tangohia pea e te tohunga kanohi tētahi tauira kiko iti mai i tō kanohi ka tukuna ki tētahi taiwhanga hei whakamātautau. Ka tātarihia e te tohunga mate te tauira hei kimi mēnā he mate pukupuku tōu, ā, mēnā he mate pukupuku tōu, he aha te momo. Kāore tēnei whakamātautau i te tino noa mō te mate pukupuku o te kanohi, engari ka taea e ia te āwhina i te tautuhi mate.

Tērā pea ka mahia ētahi atu whakamātautau i runga i ō tohu me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Ka taea e tō tohunga kanohi te kōrero atu ki a koe mō ētahi atu whakamātautau ka tūtohutia e rātou.

Me pēhea te rongoā i te mate pukupuku o te kornea?

He maha ngā huarahi hei rongoā i te mate pukupuku o te kornea. Ko te maimoatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te paparanga o te kornea e pāngia ana me te kaha o te mate.

Nā te mea he rerekē ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga, ko tō tākuta kanohi te puna pai rawa atu o ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki ō kōwhiringa maimoatanga. Ka taea e rātou te whakamārama i ngā taipitopito o ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga, ngā raruraru pea, ngā pānga taha, me ētahi atu taipitopito ki a koe.

Anei ētahi o ngā tikanga maimoatanga matua:

Ngā maimoatanga ā-papa

Ko te arotahi o ēnei ko te rongoā i ngā tohu me ngā pānga ki te mata o tō kornea. Hei tauira:

• Ngā pata kanohi, ngā hinu rānei e rongoā ana: Ka taea e ēnei te rongoā i ngā tohu pēnei i te mamae, te kare o te kanohi i roto i te kanohi, me te maroke.
• Ngā rongoā paturopi: Ka āwhina ēnei ki te ārai i te mate mēnā kua pakaru tō kornea, ā, ka pāngia e ngā iroriki.
• Ngā karāhe whakapā motuhake: Pērā i ngā karāhe whakapā noa, ka mauhia ēnei ki te mata o te kornea. Ko te rerekētanga matua ko tā rātou āwhina i te whakaora i tō kornea me te ārai i ngā kino atu.

Te tango i te keratectomy whakaahua-rongoā (PTK)

Ko te keratectomy whakaahua-rongoā (PTK) ko te tango i ngā wāhanga o te kornea mā te whakamahi i tētahi hihi laser tino āta whakaritea. Ka taea e tō tohunga kanohi te arotahi tika me te tango i ngā wāhi kua pakaru.

Te whakawhitinga o te kornea

Mēnā he nui rawa ngā huringa, ngā pakaru rānei o tō korēnea, ā, ka pā ki tō tirohanga, he kōwhiringa pea te whakawhitinga korēnea . Ko ēnei pokanga he whakakapi i te kiko o tō korēnea ki te kiko hou mai i tētahi kaituku kua mate. Ka taea ēnei te whakawhitinga katoa, te whakawhitinga wāhanga rānei.

He aha ngā mea ka taea e koe te tumanako mēnā he mate pukupuku kiriuhi tōu?

Mena he mate kiriuhi kanohi tōu, he rerekē pea te āhua o te mate. Ko te nuinga o te tangata ka kitea he mate pēnei i mua i te 20 tau te pakeke.

Ko te mate pukupuku o te kanohi he mate e ahu whakamua ana . Ko te tikanga ka piki haere ngā pānga i roto i te wā - i roto i ngā tau, i ētahi wā tae noa ki ngā tekau tau. Ko ētahi tāngata kāore he tohu i te tīmatanga, nō reira, kāore pea rātou e mōhio kei a rātou tētahi o ēnei mate mō ngā tau. Ko ētahi tāngata kāore he tohu, he raruraru rānei.

Nā te mea he maha ngā āhuatanga rerekē ka pā ki a koe, he mea pai kia pātai atu koe ki tō tākuta kanohi mō ngā mea hei tumanako atu māu. Ka taea e rātou te kī atu ki a koe he aha te mea e tino whai tikanga ana ki a koe.

Kia pēhea te roa o te mate pukupuku o te kornea?

He mate mō te wā roa te mate pukupuku o te kornea. I whānau mai koe me ēnei mate. Ka taea e ngā whakawhitinga kornea te "whakaora" i ēnei mate, engari ehara tēnā i te taurangi. He maha ngā tāngata kua whakawhitinga kornea ka pāngia e te mate i roto i te kornea kua whakawhitingahia. Mēnā ka tupu tēnā, me whai atu maimoatanga – tae atu ki te whakawhitinga kornea tuarua – tērā pea ka hiahiatia he maimoatanga anō – ahakoa he whakawhitinga kornea tuarua.

He aha te tirohanga mō tēnei āhuatanga?

He maha ngā wā ka ngaro te tirohanga i te mate pukupuku o te kornea, engari he tino onge te hekenga o taua ngaronga tirohanga ki te matapo katoa (he āhua kāore e taea e koe te kite i te mārama).

Ki te whakatōngia tō korēne kanohi, ka pāngia koe e ngā tūponotanga ōrite ki ērā atu tāngata i whakatōngia. Me tango e koe ngā rongoā ārai mate mō te toenga o tō oranga hei ārai i tō pūnaha ārai mate kei whakaeke i te kiko i whakatōngia. Waihoki, ahakoa ngā maimoatanga ārai mate, ka taea tonu te whakakorenga .

Nā te mea he maha ngā taurangi ka pā ki tō tirohanga, ko te tangata pai hei pātai atu mō te tirohanga mō tō mate ko tō tākuta kanohi. Ka taea e rātou te whakarato i ngā kōrero e pā ana ki tō āhuatanga.

Ka taea te ārai i te mate pukupuku o te kornea?

He mate ira te mate pukupuku o te kornea, arā, kāore he huarahi hei ārai, hei whakaiti rānei i te mōrearea o te whanaketanga.

Mena he mate pukupuku o te kornea tōku, me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau anō?

Mena kei a koe te mate pukupuku o te kornea, me toro atu koe ki tō tākuta kanohi i ngā wā katoa, e ai ki ngā taunakitanga. Ka taea e rātou te aroturuki i tō āhua, te rapu i ngā huringa o ngā kiko o tō kanohi, me ngā tohumate katoa e pā ana ki a koe. Ka taea hoki e rātou te whakarerekē me te whakahou i tō mahere maimoatanga kia mau tonu tōna whai huatanga mō te wā roa rawa atu.

Mena ka tohua e tō tohunga kanohi he rongoā mō ō kanohi, me whakamahi e koe kia rite ki te mea i tohua . Ka taea e ngā rongoā te āwhina ki te whakawhāiti i ngā tohu o ēnei āhuatanga, te whakaroa rānei i ngā huringa, i ngā kino rānei o te kiko.

Ina koa mēnā kua whai whakawhitinga kanohi koe, he mea tino nui kia tangohia ō rongoā kia rite ki te whakahaunga. Mā te mahi pera ka āwhina i te tinana kia kore e whakakorea te kiko kua whakatōkia. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te ārai i ngā raruraru nui, tae atu ki te ngaronga tirohanga tuturu.

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki taku tākuta kanohi?

Ka whai wā koe ki te toro atu ki te tākuta i runga i te wā kua whakaritea.Me toro atu koe ki tō tohunga kanohi mō tēnei. Waihoki, ki te kite koe i ētahi tohu, i ētahi huringa rānei o tō tirohanga, ki te puta rānei he pānga taha i roto i tētahi maimoatanga, ki te āhua koretake rānei te whai hua, me kōrero koe ki a rātou mō tēnā. Ka ngana rātou ki te āwhina i a koe ki te kimi otinga mō ngā raruraru e pā ana ki a koe.

He aha ngā pātai me pātai atu e au ki taku tākuta kanohi?

Ka taea e koe te pātai atu ki tō tākuta kanohi i ēnei pātai:

• He aha te momo mate pukupuku o te kornea kei a au?
• He aha te/ngā maimoatanga e taunaki ana koe?
• He tohu kei reira e hiahia ana kia rapua he awhina hauora ohorere?
• He aha te tirohanga mō te wā roa mō tōku āhua?
• He aha te mea ka taea e au te mahi hei whakapai ake i taku tirohanga?

Hei whakamutunga, he aha ngā mea hei maumahara

Ko ngā mate kanohi ngoikore o te kornea he mate e kitea pinepine ana i te wā e tamariki ana koe . Mena kei te pōuri koe i te ngana ki te mārama ki ēnei mate, ehara i te mea ko koe anake. Neke atu i te rua tekau ngā momo mate kanohi ngoikore. Ka rerekē anō hoki ngā pānga o ēnei mate.

Engari kāore koe e hiahia ki te ngana ki te mārama, ki te whakahaere rānei i te mate pukupuku o te kornea i a koe anō. Ka taea e tō tākuta kanohi te āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki tō āhua motuhake, ōna pānga, me pēhea te rongoā. Ā, nā te maha o ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga, he nui ake te tūponotanga ki a koe ki te whakahaere i tō āhua me te whakaiti i tōna pānga ki tō oranga. Kaua e mataku, kia kaha, me te whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta.

Te ngoikore o te kiriuhi kanohi , te kiriuhi kanohi o te kanohi, ngā mate ira o te kanohi, te tirohanga pōuri, te maimoatanga kanohi, te whakawhitinga kiriuhi kanohi, te hauora o te kanohi