He ngenge tonu koe? Me ako tātou i ngā mea katoa e pā ana ki te anemia ngoikore folate!

Kei te ngenge hoki koe i te rā roa, kāore e taea te mahi i tetahi mea? Kei te mātao rānei tō tinana i ētahi wā, ā, he uaua ki te manawa? Ehara ēnei i te mea noa iho, engari tera pea kei te ngoikore tō tinana i te matūkai folate, e hua ai te ngoikore o te toto, arā, te anemia. I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō te anemia ngoikore folate, te take e puta ai, me pēhea te karo atu.

He aha te mate pāwera ki te korenga o te folate? Kia mārama tātou!

Ki te whakarapopoto, ko te mate toto koretake o te folate he mate toto e puta mai ana i te korenga o te folate, te huaora B9 rānei, i roto i tō tinana. Ko te mea ka tupu i roto i tēnei ko te iti iho o te maha o ngā toto toto whero i roto i tō tinana i te mea noa, ā, he nui rawa ngā toto toto whero kei roto. Whakaarohia, ka haria e ēnei toto toto whero te hāora puta noa i ō tātou tinana. Nō reira, ina iti haere ēnei pūtau, ina nui haere, ina kore rānei e taea te mahi tika, ka heke te nui o te hāora e whiwhi ana te tinana. I roto i te wā, ko tēnei korenga o te hāora te mea e ngenge ai koe, e ngoikore ai, e makariri ai hoki.

He aha te take e puta ai te anemia ina kore he folate? He aha ngā mea ka tupu i roto i te tinana?

E mōhio ana koe ki te hanganga o ō tātou toto whero? I te tuatahi ka hangaia mai i ngā pūtau take i roto i te hinu wheua i roto i ō tātou wheua. Ka tipu haere ēnei toto whero, ka hono atu ki ō tātou toto, ka kawe i te hāora ki ngā okana me ngā kiko katoa o te tinana.

I konei, he mea nui te matūkai e kiia nei ko te folate mō te hanganga tika o ngā toto toto whero hauora. He rite ki te hanga whare ki te sima. Nō reira, ki te kore e nui te folate e whiwhi i tō tinana, e kore tō hinu wheua e whakaputa i ngā toto toto whero noa. Engari, ka whakaputa i tētahi momo toto toto whero nui rawa atu e kiia nei ko ngā "megaloblasts."

Nā te nui rawa o ēnei pūtau "megaloblastic", ko ētahi o rātou kāore e puta mai i te hinu wheua ka hono atu ki te toto. Ko ngā pūtau e hono ana kāore e ora roa pērā i ngā pūtau toto whero hauora. Ka tere te mate. Koia te take ka heke te maha o ngā pūtau toto whero i roto i te tinana, ka puta te anemia, arā, te korenga o te toto. E mārama ana koe?

He momo anō o te anemia?

Ae, he mate noa te anemia e pāngia ana e te tini tāngata. Nā te korenga o ngā toto whero hauora. He maha ngā take o te anemia:

• He nui rawa ngā toto whero (nā te korenga o te folate e kōrerohia ana hoki tēnei).
• Te hekenga o te hanga o ngā toto toto whero hauora.
• Te whakangaromanga nui rawa o ngā toto whero e te ate me te whēkau.
• Te hekenga o te hemoglobin, he pūmua i roto i ngā toto whero e kawe ana i te hāora.
• Kāore te hemoglobin e mahi tika ana, arā, kāore e taea e ia te hopu tika i te hāora.
• Te pahūtanga o ngā toto whero i roto i te toto.

Ko te rōpū o ngā mate toto iti i puta mai i ngā toto toto whero tino nui ka kiia ko te "mate toto nui rawa atu". Ko tētahi momo ko te "mate toto nui rawa atu". Ko ngā mea e whai ake nei kei raro i tēnei "mate toto nui rawa atu":

• Te anemia ngoikore o te folic acid
• Te anemia o te korenga o te huaora B12
• Te mate toto kino

Haunga tēnei, ko ētahi atu momo mate toto kua rongohia e te tini tāngata ko:

• Te mate toto ngoikore o te rino
• Te mate toto pūtau hāripiri

He pēhea te noa o te korenga o te folate?

Kāore i te tino kitea te korenga o te folate i ngā whenua whakawhanake. Nā te mea he maha ngā kai e tāpirihia ana te folate ki aua whenua. Hei tauira, i te Hononga o Amerika, kua whakahauhia te tāpiri i te folate ki ngā kai mai i te tau 1998. Ko te take o tēnei he mea tino nui te folate mō te whanaketanga o te tamaiti i te wā o te kukune.

Kua kitea e ngā tākuta ka taea e te korenga o te folate te whakararu i ētahi whānautanga hapa, inā koa ko ngā hapa ngongo io pērā i te spina bifida. Koia te take i roto i te maha o ngā whenua, ka tāpirihia te folate ki te nuinga o ngā kai e kainga ana e tātou, inā koa ko ngā pata me te raihi.

Ko wai kei te nui ake te mōrearea ki te whakawhanake i te anemia ngoikore folate?

Tērā ētahi tāngata ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia e tēnei mate. Tirohia mēnā kei roto koe i tēnei kāwai:

• Ngā wāhine e whānau ana: He nui rawa te hiahia mō te folate mō ngā wāhine e whakamahere ana kia hapu, i te wā e hapu ana, me te whāngai u.
• Te hunga e inu nui ana i te waipiro: Ka whakararu te waipiro i te kaha o te tinana ki te mimiti i ngā matūkai.
• Ngā tāngata neke atu i te 60 tau te pakeke.
• Ngā tāngata e uaua ana ki te taha pūtea: Nā te mea he uaua ki te utu i tētahi kai taurite.
• Ngā whaea hapū me ngā whaea e whāngai ana i te u.

He aha ngā take o te anemia ngoikore folate?

Ko te take matua, kāore e nui te folate e riro mai ana i a tātou i ngā kai e kainga ana e tātou. Haunga tēnā, kei reira anō ētahi atu take e kore ai e mimiti, e whakamahi tika rānei te tinana i te folate:

• Te waranga ki te waipiro ('Te mate whakamahi waipiro').
• E whiwhi ana i te maimoatanga dialysis nā te ngoikore o te whatukuhu.
• Ngā mate o te pūnaha nakunaku, hei tauira, te mate a Crohn me te mate celiac.
• Te whakamahinga roa o ētahi rongoā (hei tauira, mō te mate haurangi, ngā mate rūmātiki, ētahi paturopi, me ngā rongoā ārai mate).
• Ngā āhuatanga tuku iho pērā i te "Hereditary folate malabsorption" (ka heke te kaha o te tinana ki te mimiti i te folate mai i te whānautanga).

He aha ngā tohu o tēnei? Me pēhea e mōhio ai koe ki tēnei?

I ētahi wā, ka kitea te mate toto ngoikore folate, kāore he tohu. Tērā pea ka kitea e tō tākuta ina whakamātauhia tō toto mō tētahi atu mea.

Heoi, ina puta mai ngā tohu, ka uru pea ēnei ki:

• Te ngenge tonu ('fatigue'): Me te mea nei kāore te ngenge e memeha ahakoa i muri i te moe.
• Te ngoikore me te ngoikore o te tinana i a koe e mahi ana i ngā mahi o ia rā.
• Pōuriuri, māuiui te upoko.
• Kiri mā (‘kiri mā’): Ka āhua mā ngā wāhi pēnei i te mata, ngā ngutu, me ngā nikau.
• Te āhua nei kei te tere te pao o tō ngākau, kei te rangona he haruru pao i roto i tō uma, kei te pēpeke rānei te pao o tō ngākau (he tere o te ngakau).
• Te uaua ki te manawa (dyspnea): Te poto o te manawa ahakoa ngā mahi iti.

Me pēhea te tautuhi tika i tēnei mate?

Mena kei a koe ēnei tohu, me toro atu koe ki te tākuta. Ka tirotirohia e tō tākuta tō tinana, ā, ka pātai atu mō tō hītori hauora me ngā tohu. I te mea he rite ngā tohu o te anemia ngoikore folate ki ētahi atu mate, me whai whakamātautau toto pea koe kia kitea ai mēnā koinei te āhua.

Ko ngā mea matua o ēnei whakamātautau toto ko:

• Te tatau toto katoa (CBC): Ka tirohia e tēnei he maha ngā mea, pēnei i te maha o ngā toto whero, ngā toto mā, me ngā pereti toto i roto i ō toto, tae atu ki te nui o te hemoglobin.
• Te whakamātautau toto ā-taha (PBS): Ko te tango i tētahi tauira o tō toto ka tirohia i raro i te karuārai toto. Mā tēnei ka taea e koe te kite tika i te āhua o ngā pūtau toto, ahakoa he nui, he iti rānei, me te mea he rerekētanga.
• Te maha o ngā retikulosit: He toto toto whero taitamariki, kāore i te pakari ngā retikulosit. Ka tirohia e tēnei whakamātautau mēnā kei te nui ngā toto toto whero e whakaputaina ana e tō hinu wheua.

Haunga ēnei whakamātautau, ka tirohia anō hoki e tō tākuta ō taumata folate i roto i te toto. I te nuinga o te wā ka inehia tēnei i roto i ngā waeine e kiia nei ko 'nanograms per milliliter' (`ng/mL`).

• Kāore i te rawaka: I raro iho i te 2 nanograms ia miririta (`< 2 ng/mL`).
• Raina Taitapa: I waenganui i te 2 me te 4 nanograms mo ia mira (`2 ng/mL - 4 ng/mL`).
• Rawaka: Neke atu i te 4 nanograms ia miririta (`> 4 ng/mL`).

I te mea he maha ngā wā ka puta ngātahi te korenga o te huaora B12 me te korenga o te folate, ka tirohia anō hoki e te tākuta tō taumata huaora B12.

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō tēnei?

Ko te rongo pai, kei reira te rongoā mō tēnei, ā, he tino angitu.

Ko te maimoatanga matua ko te hoatu i ngā tāpiringa huaora B9.Ko te tikanga ka hoatu ēnei hei pire hei horomia. Mō ētahi tāngata e uaua ana ki te horomi pire, ka taea hoki te hoatu hei werohanga, hei werohanga rānei mā te uaua (IV) me te tote. Me tango tonu pea ēnei tāpiringa mō ētahi marama.

Tērā pea ka tūtohu tō tākuta i ngā huringa ki tō kai. Mena he mate hauora kei raro i te maru o te take o te korenga o te folate, he mea nui kia rongoatia hoki taua mate.

Ka taea te ārai i te mate toto kore folate?

Āe, e tino taea ana. He māmā noa te karo i tēnei āhuatanga mēnā ka tiakina e koe ēnei mea:

• Whiwhi i te horopeta folate o ia rā, mā roto i ngā kai e kainga ana e koe, mā te tango rānei i tētahi tāpiringa kei roto ko te huaora B9 (waikawa folic).
• Whakaitihia te nui o te waipiro e inuhia ana, kati rānei te inu. Ka ārai te nui o te waipiro i te tinana ki te mimiti i ngā matūkai nui, tae atu ki te folate.
• Mena he mate hauora tōu e kore ai e taea e tō tinana te mimiti, te whakamahi rānei i te folate, kōrero ki tō tākuta mō tēnei mea.

E hia te nui o te folate (huaora B9) e hiahiatia ana e tātou i ia rā?

Ko te huaora B9 e whiwhi māoritia ana e tātou mai i te kai ka kiia ko te folate. Ko te huaora B9 e tāpirihia ana ki te kai, e kitea ana rānei i roto i ngā pire huaora ka kiia ko te waikawa folic. Ko te nui o te folate e hiahiatia ana e tātou i ia rā, ka whakawhirinaki ki ētahi āhuatanga:

• Tau: I a koe e pakeke haere ana, ka piki ake tō hiahia mō te folate.
• Pūtake kai: He pai ake te mimiti o te waikawa folic i te waikawa folic mai i te kai.

Ko ngā Allowances Daily Sustained (RDAs) e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā maikorokaramu (mcg), e inehia ana i roto i ngā Dietary Folate Equivalents (DFE). Tērā pea he āhua pōhēhē tēnei, engari he māmā noa iho.

• Ko te 1 mcg o te folate mai i te kai he rite ki te 1 mcg DFE.
• Ahakoa ka tāpirihia te waikawa folic ki te kai, mai i ngā pire huaora rānei ka tangohia me te kai, he rite te 1 mcg o te waikawa folic ki te 1.67 mcg DFE (arā, he nui ake te mimiti a te tinana).
• Ko te 1 mcg o te waikawa folic mai i ngā pire huaora e tangohia ana i te puku kau he rite ki te 2 mcg o te DFE (ka pai ake te mimiti e te tinana).

Hei tauira, ki te tango koe i tētahi multivitamin me te `200 mcg` o te waikawa folic i runga i te puku kau, ka taea te tatau hei `400 mcg DFE` (200 mcg x 2 = 400 mcg).

E 400 mcg o te DFE te hiahia o te pakeke toharite i ia rā. E 600 mcg o te DFE te hiahia o ngā wāhine hāpu, ā, e 500 mcg o te DFE te hiahia o ngā wāhine whāngai u. He pai ake te pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō te nui e tika ana māu.

He aha ngā kai e nui ana te folate?

He waimarie, he maha ngā kai he puna pai o te folate. Whakamātauria ēnei ki tāu kai:

• Mīti: Ate kau (he nui tēnei, engari me whakaaro anō hoki koe ki te cholesterol)
• Ngā huawhenua me ngā otaota matomato: Ngā huawhenua matomato pēnei i te pīnihi, te kāreti, te kāpeti, te āpara, te pihi Brussels, te āwōkātō, te broccoli.
• Ngā kai whakapakari: Ētahi pata (pata parakuihi), raihi, taro, rimurapa, paraoa taro, paraoa kānga. (Tirohia te tapanga kia kite mēnā kei te tāpirihia te waikawa folic.)
• Pīni: Pīni kākāriki, pīni kākāriki.
• Nati: Pīnati, nati wōnati.
• Hua: Ngā hua citrus pērā i te karaka me te tangerines me ō rātou wai.

Kia maumahara: Ka taea te whakangaro i te folate ina tunua ēnei kai mō te wā roa, pērā i te wā e kohuatia ana ki te wai. Nō reira, tunua kia iti rawa te tunu, tāpirihia rānei ki ō kai mēnā ka taea te kai mata (horoia pai).

Ka ora rānei tēnei mate mēnā ka rongoatia?

Āe pea! He tino angitu te maimoatanga mō te anemia ngoikore folate. I roto i ētahi marama o te tīmatanga o ngā tāpiringa huaora B9, ka tīmata te nuinga o te tangata ki te whakaputa anō i ngā pūtau toto whero hauora, ā, ka pai haere haere ō rātou tohu.

Āhea koe me kōrero ki te tākuta mō te anemia ngoikore folate?

Me rapu tohutohu hauora i roto i ēnei āhuatanga:

• Mena kāore koe i te tino mōhio ki te nui o te folate e hiahiatia ana e koe i ia rā, mehemea rānei kei te nui tāu e whiwhi ana.
• Mena kei a koe ngā tohu o te anemia (pēnei i te ngenge, te ngoikore, te poto o te manawa).
• Mena kei a koe tētahi atu mate hauora ka raru ai te korenga o te folate.
• Mena kua rongoatia koe mō te mate toto ngoikore folate i mua, ā, kei te whakaaro koe kei te hoki mai ō tohu.
• Mena kei te whakaaro koe kia hapu, kua hapu kē rānei koe. He mea tino nui tēnei!

He āhua āwangawanga pea te mōhio kei a koe he raruraru ki ō toto. Engari kia maumahara, ko ngā tohu te huarahi a tō tinana ki te kī atu kei te hē tetahi mea. Tērā pea me whai kai taurite koe, he mate hauora rānei kei raro iho. Ka mahi tahi tō tākuta me koe ki te kimi i te take. Ka tohua hoki e rātou he tāpiringa huaora B9 me ētahi atu maimoatanga mēnā e tika ana. Mā te maimoatanga tika me te whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta, tera pea ka pai ake ō tohu.

Ngā mea tino nui hei maumahara (Karere hei kawe ki te kāinga)

Āe, anei ētahi mea hei maumahara māu i roto i ngā kōrero kua kōrerotia e tātou:

• He matūkai nui te Folate (huaora B9) mō te hanga i ngā pūtau toto whero hauora.
• Ka taea e te korenga o te folate te arahi ki te hanganga o ngā toto toto whero nunui, rerekē ('megaloblasts'), ka arahi atu ki te anemia.
• Ki te pāngia koe e ngā tohu pēnei i te ngenge tonu, te ngoikore, te kiri mā, me te uaua ki te manawa, me toro atu ki te tākuta.
• Whakaurua ngā kai whai kiko i te folate (ngā pīni, ngā huawhenua matomato, ngā nati, ngā kai kei roto he folate tāpiri) ki roto i tāu kai.
• Me tino tupato te hunga e hapu ana, e whāngai ana i ngā u, me ngā wāhine e ngana ana kia hapu, ki te whāngai waikawa folic. Tangohia ngā pire waikawa folic e ai ki te whakahau a tō tākuta.
• He maha ngā wā ka taea te whakaora katoa i tēnei mate mā te rongoā.

Nō reira, tiakina tō tinana. Kai i te kai taurite. Ki te pā mai he raruraru, kaua e wehi ki te kōrero ki te tākuta. Ko te noho hauora te mea nui!

` Te waikawa folic, te mate kore toto, te huaora B9, te korenga o te toto, ngā toto whero, te korenga o te kai, te hauora o te hāputanga