Tērā pea kei te raru tō tamaiti i tēnei huakita (Haemophilus influenzae)? Kia tūpato tātou!

Āe, kāore e taea te whakaahua i te wehi me te manukanuka e pā ana ki a tātou ina pāngia ā tātou tamariki e te mate, kāore? E raru ana tātou katoa i ngā mea pēnei i te kirika pinepine, te maremare, me te makariri. Engari i ētahi wā ka pāngia ā tātou tamariki e ngā mate kino ake i ēnei mate noa. I tēnei rā, ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi huakita ka pā ki ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te rima tau te pakeke, tae atu ki ngā pakeke he ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate. Ko te ingoa o tēnei huakita ko 'Haemophilus influenzae'.

He aha te 'Haemophilus influenzae'?

Ki te kī māmā noa, he momo huakita te rewharewha Haemophilus. Ka taea e ēnei huakita te whakaputa i ngā momo mate. Ko ētahi o ēnei he iti noa iho, pērā i ngā mate taringa. Engari i ētahi wā, ka taea e ēnei huakita te whakaputa i ngā mate tino kino, tae atu ki ngā mate morearea, pērā i te paihana toto.

Ko te nuinga o te wā ka pāngia ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te rima tau te pakeke e ēnei mate. Waihoki, ko te hunga he ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate (hei tauira, ko te hunga he mate pūmau, pērā i te hunga mate pukupuku) he nui ake te tūponotanga ki te pāngia e ēnei huakita.

Ko ētahi o ngā mate H. influenzae e kiia nei e tātou he mate "whakaeke". Arā, ka uru ngā huakita ki ngā wāhi o ō tātou tinana kāore i te nuinga o te wā he iroriki. Hei tauira, ki te uru ngā huakita ki te wai e karapoti ana i tō tātou roro me te taurakira, ka pā mai te meningitis, he mumura o te roro. He mate tino morearea tēnei. Ko ēnei momo mate whakaeke e hiahia ana kia whakaurua ki te hōhipera me te maimoatanga, ā, i ētahi wā ka mate pea.

He aha te momo B o te `Haemophilus influenzae` (Hib)?

E rua ngā rōpū matua o ngā huakita rewharewha Haemophilus. Ko tētahi ko te momo "kāpipiri", ko tētahi ko te momo "kāore i te kāpipiri". Ko te tikanga o te "kāpipiri" he uhi tiaki o waho o ngā huakita, pērā i te anga. Mā tēnei anga ka taea e ēnei huakita te ātete ki ētahi paturopi. Ka wehea anō ēnei huakita kāpipiri ki ngā rōpū iti mai i te "a" ki te "f".

Ko te mea tino noa, ā, ko te mea tino morearea ko te Haemophilus influenzae momo b, e kīia nei ko Hib . Ko te nuinga o ngā mate Hib ka pā ki ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te rima tau te pakeke me te hunga neke atu i te 65 tau te pakeke. He nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia te hunga ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate. Hei tauira:

• Ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e te 'mate pūtau maripi'.
• Ngā tāngata kāore he whēkau (asplenia).
• Ngā tāngata he ngoikore ō rātou pūnaha paturopi, pūnaha tāpiringa rānei.
• Ngā tāngata kua pangia e te HIV.
• Ko te hunga e whiwhi ana i te chemotherapy, te radiation, te whakawhitinga wheua wheua rānei mō te mate pukupuku.

Waimarie, ka taea e tātou te tiaki i a tātou anō i ēnei mate urutā Haemophilus influenzae momo b mā te kano ārai mate Hib. Ka kōrerohia tēnei i muri mai.

Ka puta te rewharewha i te Haemophilus influenzae?

He mea tēnei e pōhēhē ana i te tini o te tangata. Ahakoa kei roto i te ingoa 'Haemophilus influenzae' te 'rewharewha ', kāore tēnei huakita e mate rewharewha . He mate tēnei e puta mai ana i tētahi atu huaketo. Heoi, e ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, ka taea e tēnei huakita te mate i ētahi atu mate kino.

He aha ngā mate ka pā mai i te `Haemophilus influenzae`?

Anei ētahi o ngā mate me ngā mate urutā matua ka pā mai i tēnei huakita:

• Mate taringa (Otitis Media): He mate taringa waenga, kei muri i te tarau taringa. He mea noa tēnei i roto i ngā tamariki nohinohi.
• Te Pūkahukahu: He āhuatanga e pangia ai ngā ngongo hau iti (pūkahukahu) i roto i ngā pukahukahu, e pupuhi ai, ā, ka nui rawa te hūpē e puta mai ana.
• Ngā mate kiri me ngā kiko ('Cellulitis'): Ka uru ngā huakita ki te kiri me ngā kiko o raro mā te patunga, te motu rānei.
• Epiglottitis: He mate pāwera o te epiglottis, he pūwero iti kei muri o te korokoro e kapi ana i te pūwero ina horomia. He mate tino kino, he morearea hoki tēnei, nā te mea ka uaua te manawa.
• Pneumonia: He mate pāwera ki tētahi, ki ngā pūkahukahu e rua rānei. I roto i tēnei, ka pupuhi ngā pūkahukahu, ka kī tonu i te hūpē.
• Meningitis: Te mate pāwera o ngā kiriuhi (meninges) e karapoti ana i te roro me te taurakira.
• Te mate pāwera: Ka uru ngā huakita ki roto i te toto ka horapa puta noa i te tinana. He tino morearea hoki tēnei.
• Te rumatiki septic: He mate pukupuku o te hononga. Ka puta i te nuinga o te wā ina horapa te mate ki tētahi atu wāhi o te tinana mā te toto.

Kia maumahara, ko ētahi o ēnei mate, inā koa ko te Epiglottitis me te Meningitis, ka tere te kino. Nō reira, he mea nui kia rapu tohutohu hauora i te wā tonu ka kite koe i ngā tohu.

Ko wai te hunga e tino pāngia ana e te rewharewha Haemophilus?

Ko te kano kano Hib tētahi wāhanga o te rārangi werohanga mō ngā tamariki i tō tātou whenua. Nō reira, ko te mate H. influenzae te nuinga e pāngia ana e te mate. Ko ngā pēpi hou kāore anō kia oti te raupapa werohanga kano ...

E ai ki ngā pūrongo, he nui ake te kitea o te H. influenzae i waenga i ngā tamariki Māori o Alaska, ahakoa kua werohangahia rātou. Ka pāngia hoki te hunga neke atu i te 65 tau te pakeke me te hunga ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate .

He pēhea te noa o te mate urutā ‘Haemophilus influenzae’?

I te Hononga o Amerika, i tino heke te maha o ngā tāngata i pangia e te mate whai muri i te whakaurunga o te kano ārai mate Hib mō ngā tamariki i te tau 1987, me ngā pēpi i te tau 1990.I mua i te whakaurunga o te kano kano, tata ki te 20,000 ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 5 tau te pakeke i pāngia e te mate Hib kino i ia tau, ā, tata ki te 1,000 i mate. Engari nā te kano kano, kua heke te mate Hib kino neke atu i te 99% mai i te tau 1991. I te tau 2019, tata ki te 0.15 o roto i te 100,000 ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 5 tau te pakeke i pāngia e te mate Hib.

Ināianei, ko te nuinga o ngā mate urutā Haemophilus i ngā reanga katoa he mea hua mai i te H. influenzae kāore e taea te momo. I te tau 2019, 1.62 i roto i te 100,000 tamariki kei raro iho i te 5 tau te pakeke i pāngia e tēnei momo mate. Ināianei, ko te tino take o ēnei mate i roto i ngā tamariki ko te hunga kāore anō kia werohangahia, kāore rānei i oti te raupapa werohanga katoa . I roto i ngā pakeke 65 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei, ko te reiti o ngā mate urutā H. influenzae kāore e taea te momo ko te 4.88 i roto i te 100,000.

He aha ngā tohu o te 'Haemophilus influenzae'?

Ko ngā tohu o te rewharewha Haemophilus i roto i ngā pēpi me ngā tamariki nohinohi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mate e pāngia ana e rātou. Me titiro tātou ki ngā tohu o ētahi o ngā mate matua.

Ngā Tohu o te Mate Taringa ('Otitis Media'):

• Te mamae o te taringa (tērā pea ka pupuri te pēpi i tōna taringa ka tangi)
• Hiahia kai
• Te koretake tonu, te tangi
• Te kore moe
• Kirika
• He rerenga wai mai i te taringa
• Te uaua ki te whakarongo (ka kīia e te tamaiti pakeke ake)

Ngā tohu o te Bronchitis:

• Maremare auau, he rewharewha
• Tinana kore ora
• Te whewhe
• Kirika
• Te uaua ki te manawa

Ngā Tohu o te Mate Kiri (Cellulitis):

• Te mamae i te wāhi pangia, te mamae ina pāngia
• Pupuhi
• Te mahana ki te pā atu
• Te rerekētanga o te tae o te kiri (whero, papura)
• Te pupuhi
• Te kirika me te makariri
• Mahi uaua

Ngā tohu o te epiglottitis (he āhuatanga ohorere tēnei!):

• Korokoro mamae nui
• Kirika
• He tangi rerekē, he tangi kaha i te wā e manawa ana (stridor)
• Te uaua ki te horomi
• Te huka
• Te uaua nui ki te manawa (tērā pea ka ngana te tamaiti ki te manawa mā te totoro i tōna kaki me te piko whakamua)

Ngā tohu o te niumōnia:

• Te kirika me te makariri
• Maremare (tērā pea he rewharewha, he maroke rānei)
• Te uaua ki te manawa, te poto o te manawa
• Te werawera
• Mamae o te uma
• Ānini
• Mamae uaua
• Mahi uaua

Ngā tohu o te meningitis (he āhuatanga ohorere anō hoki tēnei!):

• Te kirika nui
• Te ānini nui
• Kaki maro (kāore e taea te piko whakamua)
• Mahi uaua
• Hiahia kai
• Te ruaki me te whakapairuaki
• Te kore okiokinga, te riri
• Pōhēhētanga
• Ngā mate hopuhopu

Ngā tohu o te Septicemia (he āhuatanga ohorere anō hoki tēnei!):

• Te kirika me te makariri
• Mamae puku
• Te ruaki me te whakapairuaki
• Korere
• Manukanuka, pōhēhē rānei
• Mahi uaua
• Te uaua ki te manawa, te poto o te manawa

Ngā tohu o te mate hononga ('Septic Arthritis'):

• Kirika
• Mamae hononga, ngawari
• Te pupuhi o ngā hononga
• Te mahana ki te pā
• Te kore e taea te neke tika i te hononga (he iti te whānuitanga o te nekehanga)

He aha ngā take o te rewharewha Haemophilus?

E mōhio ana tātou ināianei ko te 'Haemophilus influenzae' he momo huakita. E ono ngā momo momo o tēnei huakita, mai i te a ki te f. Ko ētahi atu momo kua whakarōpūtia hei "kāore e taea te momo". O ēnei, ko te momo b, ko te 'Hib' rānei, te take o te 95% o ngā mate kino, whakaeke.

I roto i tō tātou ihu me tō tātou korokoro te noho o ēnei huakita. I te nuinga o te wā, kāore e puta he raruraru ki reira. Heoi, ina haere ēnei huakita ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana, ka puta he mate.

He mate hopuhopu te rewharewha Haemophilus?

Āe. Ki te kore koe e werohangahia, e tiakina ana hoki mai i ēnei huakita, ka pāngia koe e te mate rewharewha Haemophilus.

He pēhea te horapa o te mate urutā Haemophilus influenzae momo b (Hib)?

Ka horapa te mate rewharewha Haemophilus momo b (Hib) mai i te tangata ki te tangata mā roto i ngā pata manawa e puta mai ana i te wā e maremare ana, e tihe ana rānei te tangata pangia . Kei roto i ēnei pata te huakita, ā, ka pāngia ētahi atu e te mate mēnā ka manawa rātou i ēnei pata. Ka taea hoki te horapa mā te whakapā tata, roa ki te tangata kei roto i tōna ihu, i tōna korokoro rānei te huakita (ahakoa kāore e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu). E whakapono ana ngā kaipūtaiao kāore e taea e ngā huakita Hib te ora i runga i ngā mata kore ora, i te taiao rānei.

Kia pēhea te roa ka taea e au te noho hei kaiwhakatupu kararehe?

Kāore ngā tohunga i te tino mōhio ki te "wā whakatipu" o te rewharewha Haemophilus - te wā e puta ai ngā tohu i muri i te urunga o ngā huakita ki te tinana. Heoi, e whakapono ana ngā kairangahau ka puta pea ngā tohu i roto i ngā rā torutoru o te pangia.

Me pēhea te tātaritanga o te rewharewha Haemophilus?

I te nuinga o te wā ka tātaritatia e tō tākuta he mate H. influenzae mā te whakamahi i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga. Tērā pea ka tangohia he tauira o tō toto, wai tuaiwi, wai hononga, wai pleural (wai e karapoti ana i ngā pukahukahu), he mea tango taringa waenga rānei .

Ko te whakamātautau tuatahi e kiia ana ko te 'whakataetae Gram'. Ka tirohia e tēnei 'whakataetae Gram' mēnā he huakita kei roto i te tauira me te momo huakita e puta ai te mate. Whai muri i tēnā, ka whakahaerehia pea e tō tākuta he 'ahurea' o te toto, o ngā wai tinana rānei hei whakaū mēnā kei reira ngā huakita.

He mate karamu-pai, he mate karamu-kino rānei te mate `Haemophilus influenzae`?

I raro i te 'tae Gram', ka huri ngā huakita mai i tētahi o ngā tae e rua (māwhero ki te whero, papura rānei ki te kikorangi). Ka whakarōpūtia rātou hei 'Gram-negative', hei 'Gram-positive' rānei. Ko te 'Haemophilus influenzae' he 'coccobacillus' karamu-negative (he huakita poto, āhua tokotoko) . Ina tirohia i raro i te karuārai, ka puta he whero. He anga mārō o waho o ngā huakita karamu-negative. Mā tēnei ka tiaki i a rātou, ā, ka uaua ki te patu. He ātete rātou ki te nuinga o ngā paturopi o nāianei, ā, ka kitea e ēnei huakita he huarahi hou hei mawhiti i te whakaekenga.

Me pēhea te rongoā i te rewharewha Haemophilus?

Ko te maimoatanga mō te Haemophilus influenzae e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo mate pāwera, ki te momo mate rānei kei a koe. I te nuinga o te wā , ka hoatu he paturopi hei whawhai i te mate . Heoi, he mea nui kia mahara ka taea e ngā huakita H. influenzae te ātete ki ngā paturopi.

I runga i te kaha o tō āhua, me whiwhi pea koe i ētahi atu maimoatanga i te hōhipera. Kei roto pea i tēnei maimoatanga:

• Āwhina manawa – te hoatutanga o te hāora mā te kopare kanohi (`hāora kopare kanohi`) te `whakaurunga ngongo` rānei (te whakauru i te ngongo ki roto i te puku o te manawa ka hono atu ki te mīhini).
• Te tuku i ngā steroids mā roto i te uaua.
• Ngā rongoā hei rongoā i te toto toto iti.
• Te tiaki i ngā patunga mō te kiri kua pakaru.
• Te tango i te wai mai i te pokanga mō ngā mate hononga ('Septic Arthritis').

He kano ārai mate mō te `Haemophilus influenzae`?

Āe, kei reira! Ka taea e koe te hoatu i te kano kano Hib ki tāu tamaiti hei tiaki i a ia mai i ngā mate urutā Haemophilus influenzae momo b (Hib). E taunaki ana te World Health Organization (CDC) kia whiwhi ngā tamariki katoa kei raro iho i te 2 tau te pakeke i tēnei kano kano . I Sri Lanka, kei roto hoki i te kaupapa kano kano ā-motu.

I te nuinga o te wā ka hoatu e te tākuta o tāu tamaiti te kano ārai mate Hib i roto i ngā horopeta e toru, e whā rānei.

• Ka whiwhi tō pēpi i te horopeta tuatahi i te rua marama te pakeke .
• Ka hoatu te horopeta tuarua i te 4 marama .
• Mena e whā ngā horopeta e hoatu ana, ka hoatu te horopeta tuatoru i te ono marama .
• Kātahi ka hoatu te horopeta whakamutunga (whakanui) i waenga i te 12 me te 15 marama te pakeke hei whakaoti i te raupapa werohanga.

I muri i tēnei raupapa werohanga tuatahi, kei waenganui i te 95% me te 100% o ngā tamariki ka whakawhanake i ngā taumata paturopi tiaki ki te Hib .

Ka taea te hoatu i te kano kano Hib hei kano kotahi [`PRP-T (ActHIB)`, `PRP-T (Hiberix)` `PRP-OMP (Pedvax HIB)` rānei] hei wāhanga rānei o te kano kano whakakotahi [`DTap-IPV-Hib (Pentacel)` `DTap-IPV-Hib-Hep B (Vaxelis)` rānei]. Ko te kano kano whakakotahi he huinga o ngā kano kano maha e hoatu ana i te wā kotahi.

Ka ārai te kano ārai mate Hib i ngā mate i puta mai i te Haemophilus influenzae momo b. Heoi, kāore e ārai i ngā mate i puta mai i ētahi atu momo H. influenzae. Hei ārai i ētahi atu momo H. influenzae, kia ma ngā ringaringa o tāu tamaiti, kia matara atu hoki i te hunga e mate ana. Whakaakona tāu tamaiti ki te horoi i ōna ringaringa i te wā e tamariki ana.

Ka aha mēnā ka pāngia taku tamaiti e te mate rewharewha Haemophilus?

Ko te matapae mō ngā mate H. influenzae e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo me te kaha o te mate o tāu tamaiti. Mēnā ka kitea wawetia te mate, ka rongoatia hoki , ka taea e te tākuta o tāu tamaiti te whakahaere i te mate.

Heoi, ahakoa ngā paturopi, ka taea e ētahi mate H. influenzae te whakararu i te wā roa . Hei tauira, ka ngaro pea tetahi waewae o te tamaiti nā te mate toto. Tata ki te 20% o te hunga e pāngia ana e te meningitis (mumura o te roro) ka pāngia pea e te ngaronga o te rongo tuturu, e ētahi atu raruraru pūnaha io rānei. I waenga i te 3% me te 6% o ngā tamariki katoa e pāngia ana e te mate Hib ka mate i te mate.

Koia mātou i kī ai he mea nui te werohanga . Waihoki, mā te rapu tohutohu hauora i te wā tonu ka kitea ai e koe ngā tohu ka ora ai koe.

Āhea te wā me kite taku tamaiti i te tākuta?

Ki te whakaatu tō tamaiti i ētahi tohu o te mate H. influenzae, me kawe tonu ia ki te tākuta . He mea nui te tātaritanga me te maimoatanga wawe mō ēnei mate kitakita.

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

Ka taea e te huakita `Haemophilus influenzae` te whakaputa i ngā momo mate, mai i ngā mate iti noa ki ngā mate tino kino, e morearea ana ki te ora. Ko te huarahi pai ki te ārai i ēnei mate ko te werohanga . E taunaki ana te CDC (World Health Organization) kia werohangahia tāu tamaiti ki te momo `Haemophilus influenzae` tino noa, momo b (`Hib`). Kei roto hoki i te kaupapa werohanga ā-motu i Sri Lanka.

Mena kei te whakaatu tāu tamaiti i ngā tohu o te mate `H. influenzae`, kaua e moumou taima, engari me toro atu ki te tākuta tonu . Ko te wawe o te maimoatanga mō tāu tamaiti, ko te nui ake o tōna tūponotanga ki te ora me te ora. Hei mātua, he mea nui kia mataara tonu tātou ki te hauora o ā tātou tamariki.

` Haemophilus influenzae, Hib, ngā mate kitakita, ngā mate o te tamarikitanga, ngā kano kano, te meningitis, te niumōnia