Kua whakaaro koe me pēhea tātou e taea ai te pānui mārama i ngā reta iti rawa o te pukapuka, te mōhio rānei ki te mata o te tangata mai i tawhiti? Ka āwhinahia tēnei katoa e tētahi wāhi iti rawa, engari he tino kaha, he mea nui i roto i ō tātou kanohi. Ko taua wāhi e kiia ana ko te "macula." I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tēnei macula, e mahi ana pērā i te toa o tō tirohanga.
Nā, he aha rawa te macula?
He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, he wāhi porowhita iti te macula i waenganui o te retina i muri o tō kanohi. He kiriuhi tairongo te retina e hopu ana i te mārama e tomo mai ana ki ō tātou kanohi. He rite ki te kiriata, ki te pūoko rānei i roto i te kāmera. Nō reira, ko te macula te wāhanga o te retina katoa e motuhake ana ki te homai i te tirohanga tino koi, tino mārama, me te tino taipitopito ki a tātou.
Ko tētahi atu ingoa mō tēnei ko te macula lutea. Mā tēnei wāhi iti nei ka whakahaere i tāu e kite ana ina titiro tika koe ki mua, arā, ko tō tirohanga matua . Nō reira, ahakoa he iti noa te pakaru o te macula, ka pā kino pea ki tō tirohanga. Koia te mea nui kia kite tonu koe i te tākuta mēnā ka kite koe i ētahi huringa ohorere o tō tirohanga, o tō tirohanga rānei.
He aha te mahi a te macula? He aha te hiranga o tēnei mahi?
Whakaarohia kei te titiro koe ki tētahi putiputi ataahua. Ka kitea māramatia ngā taipitopito o te putiputi, pērā i tōna tae, te āhua o ōna rau, me ngā uaua angiangi o runga. Ka mahi kaha te macula ki te whakaatu i aua taipitopito katoa ki a koe.
Ko tā tātou e kite nei e tupu ana koia tēnei:
1. Tuatahi, ka tomo te mārama ki te kanohi, ka tika mā roto i te karu arotahi, ā, ka pā ki te retina i muri.
2. Ko ngā pūtau motuhake e tairongo ana ki te mārama i roto i te retina, e kiia nei ko ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi whakaahua , ka huri i tēnei pūngao mārama hei tohu hiko.
3. Kātahi ka haere tēnei tohu hiko ki te roro mā te io whatu.
4. Hei whakamutunga, ka tātarihia e te roro tēnei tohu hei hanga i te ahua e kitea ana e tātou.
I tēnei tukanga, ko te macula te mea e hopu ana i ngā taipitopito tino pai o te mea e tirohia ana e koe. Ko te tikanga:
- Pānuihia ngā reta i roto i te pukapuka, i te nūpepa rānei.
- Te mōhio ki te mata o tetahi
- Ki te mahi i ngā mahi ātaahua, pērā i te miro i te ngira.
- Tāutuhia me te wehewehe tika i ngā tae rerekē
Whakaarohia te rite o te retina katoa ki te ngongo e whakamakuku ana i te māra, e hopu ana i ngā mea katoa i te nuinga o te wā. Kātahi ka rite te macula ki te pata kanohi, e aro tika ana ki te wāhi kotahi, ka tangohia noa ngā mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana, arā, ngā taipitopito iti noa iho, ka tukuna ki te roro.
Ki te pakaru te macula, ka mahi tonu tō kanohi, ka tukuna te mārama ki roto. Engari ka kite koe i tētahi ahua pōuri, taipitopito, ā, kāore i te arotahi. He rite ki tētahi whakaahua i tangohia ki tētahi kāmera kāore i te arotahi.
Me pēhea te hanganga o te macula?
Ko te macula he wāhanga o te retina. He ira iti, he āhua porowhita, he kōwhai. I te nuinga o te wā, e 5 mirimita noa iho te whānui o te macula o te tangata. He iti iho i te hawhe henimita. Engari he mea whakamiharo tana mahi, kāore?
Pērā i te retina, he mea hanga te macula i ngā pūtau photoreceptor. E rua ngā momo o ēnei pūtau:
- Ngā tokotoko: Ka āwhina ēnei ki te tirohanga pango-mā me te tirohanga i te pōuri.
- Ngā koeko: Koinei ngā mea e āwhina ana i te tirohanga tae me te tirohanga noa o te awatea.
Ko te mea nui, he nui te kukū o ngā pūtau kōne kei roto i te macula, arā, he tino piripono rātou. Koia te take ka mārama, ka taipitopito, ka kanapa hoki te tirohanga mā roto.
He aha ngā mate me ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki te macula?
Ka pāngia te macula e tetahi mea e kino ana ki te kanohi. Engari he maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te macula. Me titiro tātou ki ēnei i roto i ngā ripanga e rua.
| Ngā āhuatanga hauora nui e pā tika ana ki te macula | |
|---|---|
| Te ngoikore o te kanohi e pā ana ki te koroheketanga (AMD) | Ka ngoikore haere te macula i te kaumātuatanga. Ka tīmata te pōuri o te tirohanga matua. |
| Te pūkohu o te macular / te kiriuhi epiretinal | Ka puta he paparanga angiangi ki runga i te macula, ka pōuriuri, ka whakapōturi i te tirohanga. Tērā pea ka kite koe i ngā rārangi tika. |
| Kōhao macular | He kōhao iti kei waenganui o te macula. Tērā pea ka puta he ira pango i te tirohanga matua. |
| Pupuhi macular cystoid | Ka pupuhi te macula, ka kī i te wai, ka pōuri te tirohanga. |
Hei tāpiritanga, ko ētahi mate e pā ana ki te retina katoa ka taea hoki te kino i te macula.
| Ētahi atu āhuatanga ka pā ki te macula mā te retina | |
|---|---|
| Te retinitis pigmentosa | He mate ira e whakangaro haere ana i ngā pūtau retina. |
| Ngā kanohi e mānu ana me ngā hihi mārama | He tohu pea ēnei mō tētahi raruraru o te retina. |
| Te aukati o te uaua retina | Te aukati i te uaua e tuku toto ana ki te retina. |
| Te wehenga o te retina | He āhuatanga ohorere tēnei. Ka wehe te retina mai i te pakitara o roto o te kanohi. |
He aha ngā tohu o te raruraru o te macula?
Ki te kitea ētahi o ēnei tohu i roto i ō kanohi, kaua e warewarehia. Tirohia te tākuta i te wā e taea ai.
- Te tirohanga pōuri: He āhua e titiro ana koe mā roto i te kohu.
- Diplopia: Te kite i te mea kotahi hei mea e rua.
- He mamae hou o te kanohi, kāore e memeha ahakoa i muri i ētahi rā.
- Te uaua ki te titiro ki te mārama (photophobia): Te whakaaro he kino rawa te mārama noa ki ngā kanohi.
- Te āhua nei kei te ngoikore haere tō tirohanga, kei te ngoikore haere rānei.
- Ko ngā rārangi tika, ko ngā anga tatau me ngā matapihi, me ētahi atu mea hoki, te āhua nei kua totoro, kua miro.
Me pēhea te pupuri i te hauora o te macula?
He taonga tino utu nui ō tātou kanohi. Nō reira, ko tā tātou kawenga he tiaki pai i te kanohi katoa, tae atu ki te macula.
Tirohia he tākuta.
Ki te kite koe i tētahi panonitanga iti noa iho o tō tirohanga, me kōrero ki tō tākuta. Ki te mau koe i ngā mōhiti, i ngā karaihe whakapā rānei, me tirotiro tonu ō kanohi, ā, me whakatikatika anō hoki tō whakahaunga ina hiahiatia. I te wā e tirotirohia ana tō kanohi, ka whakamahia e tō tākuta tētahi taputapu motuhake (ophthalmoscope) hei tirotiro mārire i tō retina me tō macula.
Tiakina ō kanohi.
Mauria ngā mōhiti haumaru e tika ana ina takaro hākinakina ana, ina mahi ana pēnei i te tapahi whakarewa, ina mahi rānei me ngā matū. Me mau hoki he mōhiti kanohi pai hei tiaki i ō kanohi mai i ngā hihi ultraviolet (UV) ina kei waho koe i te rā.
Whakaarohia te hauora whānui
Ka pāngia ō kanohi e tō hauora whānui. Ka taea e ngā mate pēnei i te mate huka me te toto toto tiketike te kino ki ō kanohi. Nō reira, kai i te kai taurite, whakakori tinana, me te whakahaere pai i ō mate hauora kē atu.
Āhea koe me toro atu ki te tākuta?
He mea tēnei hei maumahara māu.
Me toro atu ki te tākuta ina kite koe i ngā panonitanga o tō tirohanga. Tērā pea he mea ngāwari noa iho pēnei i te hiahia ki tētahi rongoā hou mō ō mōhiti. Engari he tohu wawe anō hoki pea tēnei mō tētahi mate kino. Nō reira kaua e tatari kia kino haere ō tohumate.
Ngā āhuatanga ohorere:
- Ki te ngaro whakarere tō tirohanga
- Ki te pāngia koe e te mamae e kore e taea te whakaroa i roto i tō kanohi
- Ki te pōuri whakarere tō tirohanga, me te mea kua taka he ārai ki mua i ō kanohi
I roto i tēnei āhuatanga, me haere tonu ki te Wāhanga Maimoatanga Ohotata (ETU) o te hōhipera tata , nā te mea ka taea e ētahi āhuatanga te arahi ki te ngaronga o te tirohanga tuturu ki te kore e rongoatia wawetia.
He wāhanga iti noa iho te macula o te kanohi, engari kua mārama koe ināianei ki te hiranga o te kite mārama i te ao. Ka whakamahia e tātou i ia wā, i ia wā. Nō reira, me tiaki tātou i ō tātou kanohi. Me tirotiro tonu tātou. Ki te kite koe i tētahi panoni iti noa iho, me rapu tohutohu hauora.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ko te macula he wāhanga o te retina kei waenganui o te kanohi, he mea nui mō tō tātou tirohanga pokapū (ngā mea e kitea ana e tātou ina titiro tika whakamua) me te kite i ngā taipitopito iti.
- Ko ngā panonitanga o tō tirohanga, pērā i te pōuriuri, te werowero, te ira pōuri rānei i waenganui, he tohu pea tēnei kei te raru te macula.
- Kaua e warewarehia ēnei tohu. Tirohia te tākuta tonu, kia tirohia hoki ō kanohi.
- He mea nui kia tirohia ngā kanohi i ia wā, kia ora ai, kia mau hoki i ngā mōhiti kanohi hei ārai i ngā mate pēnei i te mate kanohi e pā ana ki te koroheketanga (AMD).
- He āhuatanga ohorere hauora te ngaronga ohorere o te tirohanga, te mamae nui rānei o te kanohi. Haere tonu ki te Tari Ohorere o te hōhipera (ETU).
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