Kei te waranga koe ki ēnei rongoā whakamamae mamae? Me kōrero tātou mō te Mate Whakamahinga Opioid!

I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi kaupapa tairongo engari he mea nui rawa atu. Kua rongo pea koe kei reira ētahi momo rongoā whakamamae mamae me tino tupato koe. Ka kiia ēnei he opioids . Ki te whakamahia hē koe, arā, ki te nui rawa te tangohanga me te kore tohutohu hauora, ki te tangohia rānei mō ētahi atu kaupapa, ka taea e koe te waranga ki a rātou me te kore e mōhio. Koinei te mea e kiia nei e tātou ko te Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) .

He aha te Mate Whakamahinga Opioid?

Whakaarohia kua tohua e te tākuta he opioid māu mō te mamae. Engari ka nui atu i te nui i tohua, ka roa ake rānei i te wā i tohua. I muri i tētahi wā, kāore e taea e koe te ora me te kore te rongoā, ka whakaaro koe me tango e koe, ā, ki te kore koe e tango, ka noho pōuri koe, ka uaua hoki. Ka tīmata tēnei ki te pā ki ō mahi o ia rā, ki ō whanaungatanga ki te whānau, ki tō mahi, me ngā mea katoa. Ki te kī noa, koinei te wā ka kore e taea te whakahaere i tō whakamahinga opioid, ā, ka puta he raruraru ki tō oranga.

Ka rerekē anō hoki ngā taumata o tēnei mate. Tērā pea ka pāngia ētahi e ngā tohu ngawari , ko ētahi he tohu āhua noa iho , ā, ko ētahi ka pāngia e ngā tohu kino . Tērā pea ka noho hei mate mō te wā roa (mau tonu) . Nō reira, he mea nui kia mōhio wawe ki te mate, kia rapua hoki he maimoatanga.

He aha ēnei opioid?

Ko ngā opioid he rōpū rongoā, he mea hanga ā-taiao (ngā Opiates) me ngā mea hanga matū (ngā Opioids), e āwhina ana ki te whakamamae i te mamae. Ka mahi rātou mā te pā ki ō tātou pūtau io hei whakaiti i te mamae.

Ka tohua ēnei e ngā tākuta mō ngā mea pēnei i te mamae nui i muri i te aituā, te mamae i muri i te pokanga, ā, i ētahi wā mō ngā āhuatanga mamae roa. Hei tauira:

• `Oxycodone`
• `Okimoropona`
• `Morphine`
• `Koteina`
• `Fentanyl`

Haunga ēnei, ko te Heroin, i hangaia mai i te Morphine, he tarukino ture kore anō hoki nō tēnei kāwai.

Ehara i te mea ka whakamamae noa ēnei opioid i te mamae, engari ka puta hoki he kare o te harikoa me te wātea (euphoria) i roto i ētahi tāngata. I roto i te wā, me whakanui ake te horopeta o te rongoā kia whiwhi ai i te whakamarie ōrite ( manawanui ). Koia te take he nui te mōrearea o te waranga.

Engari kia maumahara, ehara i te mea ko te hunga katoa e tango ana i tēnei rongoā mō te wā poto e ai ki te tohutohu a te tākuta ka noho hei waranga. Ki te whai tika koe i ngā tohutohu, he iti te mōrearea o te waranga.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te waranga me te whakawhirinaki?

He āhua pōhēhē ēnei e rua, engari he mea nui kia mārama.

Ko te whakawhirinakitanga ki te opioid ko te wā ka taunga tō tinana ki te tarukino. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, i te roanga o te wā, ka iti ake te whai huatanga o te horopeta i tangohia e koe (te manawanui) ka pāngia rānei koe e ngā tohu tangohanga pērā i te whakapairuaki, te ruaki, me te mamae o te tinana ina mutu te tango i te tarukino.Ngā tohu o te tango .

Ko te Mate Whakamahinga Opioid (OUD) he mea nui ake. I konei, ko tō momo whakamahinga tarukino kei te whakararu i tō oranga, engari kāore e taea e koe te whakahaere. Ka uru pea tēnei ki te whakawhirinakitanga tinana me te whakawhirinakitanga hinengaro. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka riro i te tarukino ō whakaaro, ō kare ā-roto, me ō mahi, ā, ka puta he hiahia nui (hiahia) ki te tango.

Ko wai ka pāngia e tēnei? He pēhea te noa o tēnei?

Ka taea e te tangata te whakawhanake i te mate whakamahinga opioid, ahakoa te pakeke, te iwi, te ira tangata, te mana pāpori rānei.

E ai ki te whakatau tata, kei waenganui i te 3% me te 19% o te hunga e tango ana i ngā rongoā whakamamae opioid ka pāngia pea e tēnei mate. Ina uaua te whiwhi i ēnei rongoā, ka tahuri ētahi tāngata ki ngā matū e wātea ana, pērā i te heroin. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te mōrearea o tēnei mate.

Neke atu i te 20 miriona tāngata puta noa i te ao, me te neke atu i te 3 miriona i te Hononga o Amerika, e pāngia ana e tēnei mate. Kua noho hei mate urutā i ētahi whenua. Ko ēnei opioid te take o te neke atu i te 100,000 ngā mate puta noa i te ao i ia tau.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate whakamahi opioid?

E ai ki te Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) a te American Psychiatric Association, ka kitea pea e te tangata whai mate nei ētahi o ēnei tohu:

• Te tango i ngā opioids i te nui rawa atu i te mea i whakaritea, te roa rānei i te mea i whakaritea.
• He hiahia nui, he akiaki rānei ki te tango i ngā opioids.
• Ngā ngana ki te whakaiti, ki te whakahaere rānei i te whakamahinga engari kāore i angitu.
• Te whakamahi tonu i te rongoā ahakoa he raruraru kei roto i ngā whanaungatanga pāpori, whaiaro rānei.
• Te whakapau i te nui o te wā ki te kimi, ki te whakamahi, ki te whakaora rānei i ngā opioids.
• Te kore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā kawenga i te mahi, i te kura, i te kāinga rānei nā te whakamahinga o te opioid.
• Te ngaro, te whakaiti rānei i ētahi atu mahi nui.
• Te whakamahi i ngā opioid ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga morearea tinana (hei tauira, i a koe e taraiwa ana).
• Te whakamahi tonu i ngā opioid ahakoa he raruraru tinana, he raruraru hinengaro rānei kei a rātou, ā, ka puta pea i aua opioid tonu.
• I roto i te wā, me nui ake te horopeta e hiahiatia ana kia tutuki ai te pānga ōrite ( manawanui ).
• Te mamae i te mutunga o te rongoā (opioid withdrawal syndrome) te tango rānei i ngā opioids, i tētahi atu mea rite rānei hei karo i aua mamae.

Ki te whakaaro koe kei a koe tētahi, e rua rānei o ēnei tohu, he mea tino nui kia rapu tohutohu hauora i te wā e taea ai.

He aha ngā tohumate o te tango opioid ina mutu te tango?

Mena kei te whakawhirinaki tinana koe ki ngā opioids, mā te whakamutu ohorere i aua opioids ka pā mai ēnei raruraru:

• Te mamae puta noa i te tinana
• Te makariri, te kirika
• Mamae puku
• Ngā puāwai kua whānui
• Te kore okiokinga, te ohooho
• Manukanuka
• Whakapairuaki, ruaki
• Hiahia
• Te pikinga o te tere o te ngakau me te toto toto
• Te werawera
• Te kore moe

Me pēhea te tangata e pāngia ai e tēnei āhuatanga?

He maha ngā take mō tēnei. He ahua uaua.

• Ka pāngia te matū o te roro e ngā opioid: Ka whakaohokia e ngā opioid ngā pokapū o roto i tō tātou roro e whakahaere ana i ngā mea pēnei i te ahuareka me te utu. Ina tangohia, ka tukuna he neurotransmitter e kiia nei ko ngā 'endorphins'. Ka whakaitihia te mamae, ā, ka koa koe. Ina memeha te pānga o te tarukino, ka ngaro atu hoki taua harikoa. Kātahi ka hiahia koe ki te tango anō i te tarukino kia rongo ai koe i taua harikoa. Ka taea te whakawhirinaki tinana ahakoa i roto i te wā poto pēnei i te 4 ki te 8 wiki.
• Te pānga ki ngā opioid me te wātea o ēnei: ​​Ka piki ake te pānga mā roto i ngā rongoā whakamamae mamae, te whakamahinga a ngā mema o te whānau, ngā hoa rānei, ā, i ētahi wā mā roto i ngā raau taero ture kore pērā i te heroin. I ētahi wā, he māmā ake te kimi raau taero ture kore i ngā raau taero ture kore. I ēnei rā, he maha ngā raau taero e hokona ana hei heroin, cocaine, me ētahi pire ka nui pea te taumata o te opioid fentanyl kino. Ka taea e ēnei te whakararu i te ora.
• Ngā āhuatanga ira me ngā āhuatanga koiora: E ai ki ngā rangahau, e 40% ki te 60% o te mōrearea o te waranga ki tētahi tarukino nā ngā āhuatanga ira. Mena kei roto i tō whānau tata (ngā mātua, ngā tuākana/teina) tēnei mate, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia koe e tēnei mate.
• Hauora hinengaro me ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora: Kua kitea e ngā rangahau tata ki te haurua o te hunga whai mate hinengaro kei te mōrearea ki te whakawhanake i te waranga tarukino, ā, tata ki te haurua o te hunga whai waranga tarukino kei te mōrearea ki te whakawhanake i te mate hinengaro. Hei tauira, ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pouri , te mate manukanuka , te ADHD, te mate bipolar, me te PTSD ka pā ki tēnei. Waihoki, ko te hunga whai mate tinana pēnei i te mamae mau tonu ka mōrearea hoki ki te whakawhanake i te mate whakamahi opioid.
• Ngā Wheako Tamariki Kino (ACE): Ko te whanaungatanga ngoikore i waenganui i te mātua me te tamaiti, te tutu ā-whare, te tukino i ngā tamariki, me te mauheretanga o ngā mātua he āhuatanga anō hoki e piki ake ai te mōrearea o te whakamahinga tarukino.

Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai ki tēnei?

Kāore he whakamātautau kotahi hei tautuhi i tēnei. Ka arotakehia e te tākuta tō hītori hauora me ō tauira whakamahinga opioid. Tērā pea ka whakamahia e rātou ngā mea pēnei i ngā whakamātautau tarukino, ngā pūkete aroturuki rongoā, me ētahi atu.

Ka tautuhia te mate whakamahi opioid (OUD) mēnā e rua ngā tohumate o te DSM-5 kua whakahuatia i mua .

• Mena e 2-3 ngā āhuatanga: OUD ngawari
• Mena e 4-5 ngā tohu: OUD ngawari
• 6, neke atu rānei ngā tohu: OUD kino rawa atu

He aha ngā maimoatanga?

Waimarie, kei reira ngā maimoatanga whai hua mō tēnei mate. Heoi, ka rerekē pea ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga i ia tangata, i ia tangata. Nā te mea he mate roa tēnei, he mea nui te haere tonu o te maimoatanga mō te whakaoranga me te ārai i te hokinga mai o te mate.

He maha ngā tikanga maimoatanga:

• Te tohutohu tūroro-waho
• Maimoatanga ā-waho kaha
• Maimoatanga noho poto
• Ngā hapori whakaora roa, pērā i ngā hapori kore tarukino

Ko te mea tino whai hua o ēnei ko te whakakotahitanga o te rongoā me te tohutohu (Medication-Assisted Treatment - MAT).

Te rongoā hinengaro mō te OUD

Ko te Whakaora Whanoke Hinengaro (CBT) tētahi tikanga whakaora hinengaro nui e whakamahia ana mō tēnei kaupapa. I konei, ka kōrero hōhonu tētahi tohunga hinengaro, he kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro rānei mō ō whakaaro me ō kare ā-roto. Ka āwhina rātou i a koe ki te mārama ki te pānga o ō whakaaro ki ō mahi. Mā tēnei, ka āwhina rātou i a koe ki te whakarerekē i ngā whakaaro me ngā whanonga kino, me te waihanga i ngā tauira whakaaro me ngā tikanga hauora.

Ngā kaupapa āwhina-whaiaro mō te OUD

He tautoko nui hoki te whai wāhi atu ki ngā rōpū āwhina-whaiaro pēnei i te 'Narcotics Anonymous' mō te maimoatanga. Mā ēnei, ka taea e te tangata te mārama ki tōna āhua, te whakawhitiwhiti wheako ki ētahi atu, me te āwhina i a ia anō kia whakapai ake.

Ngā rongoā mō te OUD

Tērā ētahi rongoā hei āwhina i te rongoā i tēnei mate mā te whakarerekē i te matū o te roro. Ka taea e ēnei te whakaiti i te hiahia, te whakaiti i ngā tohumate tango, me te aukati i ngā pānga harikoa o ngā opioids.

E toru ngā momo rongoā matua kua whakaaetia e te US Food and Drug Administration (`FDA`):

• `Methadone` : Ka whakaitihia ngā tohumate tango me te hiahia. Ka taea anake te tiki mai i ngā whare hauora motuhake.
• Buprenorphine : Ka ārai tēnei i ngā pānga o ngā opioid, ka whakaiti i ngā tohumate tango me te hiahia. Ka taea te tango hei pire, hei werohanga rānei ia marama.
• `Naltrexone` : Ka ārai tēnei i te pai o te ngākau e puta mai ana i ngā opioid. Ka taea te tango hei pire, hei werohanga rānei ia marama.

He raruraru kei roto i te maimoatanga?

Engari, ko te tangata whai OUD te mea nui rawa atu mō te mate i roto i ngā wiki tuatahi e whā o te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga, me roto hoki i ngā wiki tuatahi e whā o te hokinga mai o te mate i muri i te mutunga o te maimoatanga.

Ko te take mō tēnei, nā te mea ka ngana rātou ki te tango i te horopeta kotahi i whakamahia e rātou i mua, engari nā te mea kua heke te manawanui o te tinana, ka nui rawa te horopeta, ā, ka nui rawa te horopeta.

Me pēhea e taea ai e koe te karo i tēnei?

• Mena kei te hiahia koe, tetahi rānei o tō whānau ki te rongoā mō te mamae, kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ngā rongoā whakamamae mamae kore-opioid, me ētahi atu rongoā rānei.
• Mena kua tohua he rongoā opioid ki a koe, me tango kia rite ki tā te tākuta e tohutohu ana ki a koe, i te nui i tohua, me te wā i tohua. Kaua e tango i ngā horopeta tāpiri. Kaua e pakaru, e kuru, e whakarewa rānei i ngā pire.
• Ki te mea kei te whakawhirinaki koe ki te rongoā, ki te kore rānei e taea e te horopeta kua tohua te whakahaere i tō mamae, kaua rawa e whakanui ake i te horopeta māu ake. Me kōrero tonu atu ki tō tākuta .
• Kaua rawa e tohaina ō rongoā ki tētahi atu. Puritia ki tētahi wāhi haumaru, kia kore e taea e ngā tamariki te toro atu.
• Mena kei a koe ētahi opioid e toe ana i te maimoatanga, maka atu marietia. (Ka taea e koe te pātai atu ki tō whare rongoā.)
• Kōrero ki āu tamariki mō ngā tūponotanga o ngā opioids me te hiahia kia whakamahia anake i runga i ngā tohutohu.

Ka aha mēnā kāore e tukuna he maimoatanga? (Te matapae)

Ki te kore e rongoatia, he kino te putanga o te OUD. Ko te hunga e pangia ana e te OUD kino ka nui ake te mōrearea ki:

• Ngā whara pēnei i te hinganga me ngā aituā motuka.
• Ka taea te hora i ngā mate toto pēnei i te 'Hepatitis B (HBV), te 'Hepatitis C (HCV),' me te 'HIV' mā te tiritiri ngira.
• Te Whareherehere.
• Te nui rawa o te opioid.
• Te mate mai i te nui rawa o te opioid.
• Te whakamomori.

Ko te mate o te hunga whai OUD he 10 ngā wā teitei ake i te mate o te taupori whānui.

Engari kia maumahara, he mate ka taea te rongoā i te OUD. Heoi, kotahi anake i roto i te whā o ngā tāngata whai OUD e whiwhi ana i te maimoatanga ngaio.

Ka whakaitihia e te maimoatanga āwhina-rongoā (MAT) te whakamahinga o ngā opioid, te mate nui rawa, me te horapa o ngā mate pipiri. Ka whakanui ake i te mahi pāpori me te pupuri i te maimoatanga.

He aha ngā tohu o te nui rawa o te opioid?

Ka puta pea te nui rawa o te opioid ina nui rawa te opioid e tangohia ana e te tangata, ina rānei ka tangohia e rātou ētahi atu rongoā me ngā opioid. Ko ngā tohu ko:

• Te kore aro, te ngaro o te mohiotanga.
• Ka pōturi, ka mutu rānei te manawa.
• He tino iti ngā puāwai mangu o ngā kanohi (he puāwai tino mārama).
• Te ngongoro, te haruru rānei e puta mai ana i te korokoro.
• Kiri makariri, kiri mākūkū.
• Ngā ngutu kikorangi, ngā maikuku rānei.

I roto i tēnei āhuatanga, me tere te mahi. Ka taea te whakakore wawe i ngā pānga o te nui rawa o te horopeta mā te hoatu i tētahi rongoā e kiia nei ko te `Naloxone` (e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te ingoa waitohu `Narcan®`). Heoi, ahakoa ka hoatu te `Naloxone`, me tere tonu te awhina hauora.

Mena he raruraru pēnei kei tētahi e mōhiotia ana e koe, me pēhea e taea ai e koe te āwhina?

He tino uaua, he tino pōuri hoki te kitenga kua pāngia tētahi e tō aroha e te OUD. Anei ētahi mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei āwhina i tētahi pēnei:

• Kōrero wawe: Ko te wawe o te whiwhi maimoatanga mō te tangata whai OUD, ko te pai ake. Kōrerohia ō āwangawanga ki a rātou, ā, āwhina i a rātou ki te kimi maimoatanga.
• Whakaahurutia me te aroha:Ahakoa kāore koe e whakaae ki tēnā, whakarongo pai ki ā rātou kōrero. Ka nui ake tō whakarongo ki a rātou, ka nui ake tō rātou whakawhirinaki ki a koe.
• Kia manawanui: Kaua e tumanako ka ea tēnei raruraru mā te kōrero kotahi, mā te mahi kotahi rānei. He mate uaua, he mate roa te OUD.
• Whakaarohia hoki koe: Tērā pea ka pāngia te whānau me ngā hoa o te hunga whai OUD e te ahotea, te pouri, te pouri, me te mokemoke. Whakaarohia hoki tō hauora hinengaro. Rapua he āwhina mēnā e hiahiatia ana.
• Kia mau tonu te Naloxone (Narcan®): Mēnā ka nui rawa te horopeta o te Naloxone i roto i tō hoa aroha, ka taea e ia te whakaora i te ora. Mēnā ka taea, kia mau tonu te Naloxone i te wā katoa.

Āhea ahau me toro atu ki te tākuta?

Mena kei te tango koe i te rongoā opioid, ā, ahakoa he iti noa te whakapae kei te tīmata koe ki te waranga ki taua rongoā, kōrero tonu atu ki tō tākuta.

Ki te whakapae koe kei te whakamahi kino tō tamaiti, tō hoa rānei i ngā opioids, rapua he awhina hauora i te wā e taea ai.

He mate hinengaro me te roro uaua te mate whakamahi opioid. Ka pāngia tō roro e ngā opioid me tō kaha ki te whakatau. Ka taea e ēnei huringa te whakauaua i te whakamutu i te tango opioid, ahakoa e hiahia ana koe. Mena kei a koe, kei tētahi rānei e arohaina ana e koe tēnei mate, me toro atu ki te tākuta i te wā e taea ai. Ka taea e te tākuta whakangungu te ārahi i a koe i roto i te maimoatanga e hiahiatia ana e koe.

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara

• He kaha ngā rongoā whakamamae mamae o ngā opioid, engari ka tino waranga mēnā ka whakamahia hē.
• Kaua rawa e whakamahia ēnei me te kore he tohutohu a te taote. Me whai i te horopeta me te roa kua whakaritea.
• Ki te kite koe, ētahi atu rānei i ngā tohu o te waranga, kaua e whakama, kaua hoki e mataku, me rapu tohutohu hauora tonu.
• He maimoatanga, he whakaoranga anō hoki. Nō reira, kaua e mamae ko koe anake, me tono āwhina.
• He āwhina anō hoki te whakaako i ētahi atu ki te whawhai ki tēnei raruraru.

Ko tāku tumanako ka whai hua ēnei mōhiohio ki a koe. Mēnā he pātai anō āu mō tēnei, kaua e mangere ki te kōrero ki te tākuta.

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