A, ki te paihana koe? Me ako tātou mō te 'Paihana Organophosphate'!

Ka whakamahia e tātou katoa ngā patu pepeke me ngā patu taru. Te āhua nei kāore e taea te noho me te kore ēnei mō ngā mahi o te whare, mō te mahi ahuwhenua rānei. Engari kua whakaarohia e koe he aha te momo āhuatanga morearea ka puta mai mēnā ka uru ētahi o ngā matū o tēnei kai ki roto i ō tātou tinana? Ko tētahi o aua āhuatanga morearea ko te 'Paoa Organophosphate'. Ahakoa he kaupapa nui tēnei, me kōrero tātou mō tēnei mea i roto i te huarahi māmā noa iho, i roto hoki i te huarahi e mārama ana.

He aha ēnei 'organophosphates'? Kei hea rātou e kitea ai?

He kupu whakarāpopoto, ko ngā 'Organophosphates' he rōpū matū. He maha ngā wā ka kitea ēnei i roto i:

• I roto i ngā patu pepeke: I roto i ngā rongoā e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i ngā pepeke i roto i ngā mahi ahuwhenua me ngā kāinga.
• I roto i ngā ārai pepeke: I roto i ngā mea e ārai ana i ngā pepeke pēnei i te waeroa me te namu.
• I roto i ngā patu taru: I roto i ngā matū e whakamahia ana hei patu i ngā taru kino.
• Ētahi matū mō ngā io pakanga: He matū morearea ēnei e kino ai te pūnaha io, ā, e whakamahia ana i ngā wā pakanga.

Ki te uru ēnei 'organophosphates' ki roto i ō tātou tinana, ka kino te pūnaha io, ka whakararuraru hoki i te mahi a ō tātou whekau. Ahakoa he poto, he roa rānei te wā e puta ai tēnei paitini, ka pā mai pea he mate kino pēnei i te ngoikore o te manawa, tae atu ki te mate.

He aha ngā momo organophosphates e kitea whānuitia ana ka pāngia ai te tangata?

Anei ētahi momo organophosphates e pāngia ai te tinana e te paitini:

• Chlorpyrifos - Kua rongo pea koe i te ingoa 'Dursban'.
• Diazinon
• Fenthion
• Malathion
• Parathion

I roto i ngā pakanga matū, ko te organophosphate e kiia nei ko 'Sarin' te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana.

He pēhea te noa o te paihana organophosphate?

E pūrongohia ana ēnei paihana puta noa i te ao, inā koa i ngā whenua ahuwhenua. Engari nā te mea kua mōhio ake te iwi ki ngā tūponotanga o ēnei matū i tō mua, kua paku heke te maha o ngā paihana. Heoi anō, he raruraru hauora nui tonu tēnei.

Kei te whakamahia tonutia ngā organophosphates?

Ae, kei te whakamahia tonutia ētahi o ngā organophosphates i roto i te ahuwhenua hei patu pepeke i ngā hua kai. Nō reira, me tino tupato koe i te whakamahinga o ēnei.

He aha ngā tohu o te 'Paihana Organophosphate'?

Ka pā pea ngā tohu o tēnei paitini ki ngā pūnaha rerekē o tō tinana. Kia maumahara, ka puta ohorere mai ēnei tohu, ka puta mārire rānei.

• Pūnaha manawa:
• Te pikinga, te hekenga rānei o te tere o te ngakau.
• Te pikinga, te hekenga rānei o te toto toto.
• Te pāorooro o te ngakau kāore i te ōrite.
• Pūnaha io matua:
• Te mamae o te upoko.
• Te kore okiokinga.
• Ngā hopukanga.
• Te ngaronga o te māramatanga.
• Āhua koma.
• Ngā kanohi:
• E rere ana ngā roimata.
• Te whero o ngā kanohi.
• Ngā ākonga kuiti.
• Pūnaha puku:
• Mamae puku.
• Whakapairuaki me te ruaki.
• Te korere.
• Pūnaha urogenital:
• Te mimi pinepine, te mimi iti rānei.
• Pūnaha uaua-angiwi:
• Te ngoikore o te uaua.
• Ngā mamae o te uaua.
• Te wiri o ngā uaua kāore e taea te whakahaere (fasciculations).
• Pūnaha manawa:
• Ihu pupuhi, pērā i te makariri.
• Te whewhe.
• Te poto o te manawa.
• Te kikī o te uma.
• Te tere ake, te pōturi rānei o te manawa i te mea noa (hyperpnea, bradypnea rānei).
• Te nui rawa o te hūpē e puta mai ana i ngā pukahukahu (bronchorrhea).
• Kiri:
• Te werawera nui.

He mea nui: Mena ka pāngia koe, tetahi atu rānei o ēnei tohu e tōu hoa aroha i muri i te pānga ki ngā organophosphates, me rapu tohutohu hauora tonu atu.

Me pēhea te urunga o ēnei 'organophosphates' ki te tinana? Ko wai te hunga tino mōrearea?

E toru ngā huarahi matua e uru ai ēnei matū ki roto i ō tātou tinana:

1. Te tomo mā te waha, mā te ihu rānei: Mā te inu, te hongi rānei i te kai, i te wai rānei kei roto ēnei mea.

2. Te mimiti mā te kiri: Ka taea e ētahi o ngā organophosphate te mimiti ki roto i te tinana ahakoa ka pā ki te kiri.

Kia kite hoki tātou ko wai te hunga e tino mōrearea ana ki tēnei paihana:

• Te hunga e mahi pinepine ana me ngā patu pepeke me ngā patu taru: He nui ake te mōrearea o ngā kaipāmu, ngā kaimahi mara, me ngā kaimahi whakahaere pepeke nā te mea e pāngia tonutia ana rātou e ēnei matū.
• Mō te hunga e noho ana i ngā rohe e tū ana te pakanga, ngā mahi kaiwhakatuma rānei: Mena ka whakamahia ngā mea pēnei i ngā 'kaiwhakaora io' kua whakahuatia ake nei.
• Ki te hunga e horomia ana ēnei me te whakaaro ki te whara i a rātou anō: He āhuatanga pouri rawa tēnei.

Ki te mea kei te whakaaro koe kei te whara koe i a koe anō, kei te whakaaro rānei koe ki te whakamomori, he mea nui kia kōrero koe ki tētahi e whakawhirinaki ana koe, kia rapu rānei i tētahi tohunga hinengaro. Kāore koe i te mokemoke, ā, kaua e wehi ki te tono āwhina.

He aha te mea ka tupu ina uru ngā organophosphates ki te tinana? He māmā noa iho...

Āe, kia kite tātou i te aha ka puta ina uru ēnei 'organophosphates' ki te tinana. He kōrero pūtaiao tēnei, engari māku e kōrero atu ki a koe i roto i ngā kupu māmā noa iho.

Kia tika ai te mahi a tō tātou pūnaha io, kei reira tētahi matū karere e kiia nei ko te 'acetylcholine' (neurotransmitter). Koinei te mea e whakahaere ana i ngā mea maha, pērā i te nekehanga o ngā uaua. Ina oti te mahi a tēnei 'acetylcholine' (acetylcholine), ka puta mai tētahi whākōkī e kiia nei ko te 'cholinesterase' ka wawahi i taua whākōkī. Mā tēnei ka taea e te pūnaha io te hoki ki te āhua noa, ā, ka ārai i te kaha rawa o te whakaohooho i ngā uaua me ngā io.

Whakaarohia, ka tahuri koe i te rama mā te huri i te pana. Ko te mahi a tēnei whākōkī 'cholinesterase' he rite ki te whakaweto i te pana ina oti koe.

Ināianei, ina uru ngā organophosphates ki te tinana, ka aukati i te mahi a te whākōkī cholinesterase. He aha te mea ka tupu? Engari ko te wawahi i te acetylcholine, ka kohia ki ngā synapses e hono ana ngā pūtau io tetahi ki tetahi. He rite ki te whakaweto i te pana rama. Kātahi ka nui rawa te whakaohooho o te pūnaha io, ka ngaro te mana whakahaere o te tinana katoa, ā, ka puta mai aua tohu kino i kōrerotia e au i mua ake nei. Kei te mārama koe?

He aha ngā raruraru ka puta mai mēnā kāore e rongoatia?

Ki te kore e rongoatia wawetia te paihana organophosphate, ka kino rawa atu ngā tohu, ā, ka mōrearea pea te ora. Ko te ngoikore o te manawa te tino take o te mate mai i tēnei paihana.

Hei tāpiritanga, tera pea ka puta mai ētahi atu raruraru:

• Te pararutiki o te io angaanga
• Ngaronga o te mahara
• Ngā mate uaua `(Myopathy)`
• Te neuropathy ā-rohe
• Te hinengaro

Me pēhea te tātaritanga tika a ngā tākuta i te 'paitini organophosphate'?

Ko te tikanga, ka tātaritatia tēnei paihana e te tākuta i runga i ō tohumate, ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā matū i pāngia koe (mēnā kei te mahi koe me ngā patu pepeke, me kōrero koe ki tō tākuta), me ētahi whakamātautau toto. Ina koa, he whakamātautau toto hei tirotiro i ō taumata o te acetylcholinesterase.

Nā te mea he rite tonu ngā tohu o te paihana organophosphate ki ērā o ētahi atu mate, ka tono pea tō tākuta i ētahi atu whakamātautau hei aromatawai i tō hauora whānui me te whakatau i te tino pūtake o ō tohu. Hei tauira:

• Ētahi atu whakamātautau toto
• Ngā whakamātautau mimi
• Ngā whakamātautau whakaahua pēnei i te MRI, te CT rānei
• EEG (he whakamātautau e ine ana i te mahi a te roro)
• Te rangahau i te kawe io (he whakamātautau e ine ana i te tere o te haere o ngā karere mā roto i ngā io)

Nā te mea he mate mōrearea tēnei paihana, ka tīmata pea ngā tākuta i ētahi wā ki te rongoā i mua i te whiwhinga o ngā pūrongo whakamātautau katoa.

Me pēhea te rongoā i te paihana organophosphate?

I te mea he āhuatanga ohorere tēnei, me tīmata tonu te maimoatanga. He maha ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga matua:

1.Te whakamāori i te poke: He mea tino nui tēnei.

• Te tango i ngā kākahu: Me tango tonu ngā kākahu katoa e mau ana te tangata i paitinihia, nā te mea tera pea kua poke i ngā matū. Mā ngā kaimahi o te hōhipera e tango haumaru ngā kākahu.
• Te horoi kiri: Horoia tō kiri kia tino horoia, kia toru ngā wā, ki te hopi me te wai. Mā tēnei ka tangohia ngā matū katoa kei runga i te mata o te kiri. Kātahi ka hoatu he kākahu hōhipera ma ki a koe hei kakahu.

2. Te rongoā:

• Atropine: Ko te mahi a tēnei rongoā mā te whakaiti i te whakaohooho nui rawa o te pūnaha io.
• Pralidoxime: Koinei te rongoā mō ngā organophosphates. Ka whakahohe anō i te whākōkī cholinesterase e wawahi ana i te acetylcholine.
• Ka hoatuhia ēnei rongoā e rua mā te 'IV', arā, mā te wai tote e hoatu ana ki roto i te uaua.

3. Te rongoā mō ngā uauatanga manawa:

• Mena he kino ngā tohu, ā, he uaua ki te manawa, me whakamahi pea he ngongo whakatō, arā, te whakauru i tētahi ngongo manawa, kia tuwhera tonu ai te ara manawa.

Kia pēhea te roa o te wā e ora ai i muri i te maimoatanga?

Kei te whānuitanga me te kaha o te paitini tēnei. Tērā pea ka pai ake ētahi tāngata i roto i ētahi rā, ko ētahi ia ka roa pea mō ngā wiki. Mā tō tākuta e whakatau te wā pai mō tō āhua.

Ka taea te ora katoa mai i tēnei paihana?

Ae, ka taea te ora katoa mai i te paihana organophosphate. Heoi, kei reira te tūponotanga ka hoki mai anō ngā tohu, ka pāngia rānei te pūnaha io e te kino tuturu.

Ko tō tirohanga mō te whakaoranga e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi mea:

• Te nui o te pānga ki ngā organophosphates.
• Te momo organophosphate i whakaatuhia.
• Te ara e uru ai ngā organophosphates ki te tinana (mā te manawa, mā te kiri, mā te horomitanga rānei).
• Tō āhua hauora whānui i te wā e pāngia ana koe.

Hei tauira, ki te hongihia e koe ētahi o ngā organophosphates, tera pea ka tere ake te pāngia e ngā tohumate, ka kino ake hoki i tērā ki te pā ki tō kiri.

E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i te World Health Organization, ko te reiti mate nā te paihana organophosphate ka rerekē i waenga i te 2% me te 25%. Nō reira , mā te maimoatanga tere ka taea te whakaiti i te kino pea ki te ora.

Ka taea te ārai i te paihana Organophosphate?

I ētahi wā, inā koa i roto i te pakanga, i te kore rānei koe e mōhio ki te whakamahinga o ngā organophosphates, he uaua pea tēnei ki te karo.

Heoi, ki te mahi koe me ēnei momo matū morearea, ka taea e koe te mahi i ēnei e whai ake nei hei whakaiti i tō mōrearea:

• Mauria ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro (PPE): ngā mea pēnei i ngā karapu me ngā kopare kanohi.
• Tangohia ngā kākahu katoa kua pā ki ngā matū i waho, ka whakawhiti i ngā kākahu i mua i te tomo ki te whare.
• Horoia tō tinana kia pai i muri i te whakamahi i ēnei hua.
• Horoia pai ō ringaringa i mua i te kai, i te inu rānei.

Āhea koe me toro atu ki te tākuta? Me aha koe i roto i te āhuatanga ohorere?

Ki te whakaaro koe kua pāngia koe e ngā organophosphates, haere ki te hōhipera tata, waea atu rānei ki ngā ratonga hauora ohorere tonu. Kaua e moumou taima. Kaua e tatari kia tīmata rā anō te pāngia e ngā tohu.

Kia maumahara, he āhuatanga morearea pea tēnei, nō reira he mea nui te mahi wawe.

Ngā pātai nui hei pātai atu ki tō tākuta

Mena kei te pāngia koe, tetahi atu rānei e mōhio ana koe e tēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e koe te pātai atu ki tō tākuta i ēnei pātai:

• He aha te momo maimoatanga e taunakitia ana mōku?
• He pānga taha kei te rongoā?
• Me pēhea te tango i ngā paitini i muri i te pānga? (Ina koa i roto i te taiao kāinga)
• Me pēhea taku mōhio mēnā he organophosphates kei taku wāhi mahi?
• Mena ka mahi ahau me ngā organophosphates i te mahi, he aha ngā mahi haumaru ka taea e au te mahi hei tiaki i ahau mai i te paitini?

Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara

He take tino nui te 'Paihana Organophosphate'. He tokomaha ngā tāngata o tō tātou whenua, inā koa ko te hunga e whai wāhi ana ki ngā mahi ahuwhenua, ka tūpono pea ki te mōrearea. He kino ēnei matū ki te tangata me ngā kararehe. Nō reira, me tino tupato te tangata i te wā e whakamahi ana i ēnei.

Ki te whakaatu koe, tetahi atu rānei e mōhio ana koe i ngā tohu o te paihana organophosphate, kaua e mataku. Rapua he awhina hauora tonu. Mā te maimoatanga wawe ka ārai i te matenga. Kia haumaru, kia mōhio tonu!

` Ngā whekau phosphate, paitini, ngā patu pepeke, ngā patu pepeke, ngā tohu, te āwhina tuatahi, te haumaru