He māmā noa iho ngā mea katoa mō te stethoscope! He aha te take e whakarongo ai te tākuta ki a koe?

Ina haere koe ki te kite i tētahi tākuta, ki tētahi hōhipera rānei, kotahi te mea ka kitea e koe ko taua taputapu iti kei te kaki o te tākuta, kei runga rānei i te tēpu. Ae, ae, ko te mea ka whakatakotoria e koe ki tō taringa, ko tētahi pito ki tō uma, ki tō tuara rānei, ka whakarongo. Koinei te mea e kiia nei e mātou he stethoscope . I ētahi wā ka whakaaro pea koe, "He aha tēnei mea iti e whakarongohia ana e koe?" Ahakoa he āhua noa iho, he taputapu tino whai hua tēnei hei āwhina i te tākuta ki te kimi i ngā kōrero maha mō ngā mea e tupu ana i roto i tō tinana. I tēnei rā, me kōrero anō tātou mō tēnei stethoscope.

He aha te stethoscope? He aha tāna mahi?

I te whakarapopototanga, he taputapu te stethoscope e whakamahia ana e ngā tohunga hauora pērā i ngā tākuta me ngā nēhi hei whakarongo ki ngā oro e puta mai ana i roto i tō tinana . Mā ēnei oro ka taea e koe te whakaatu i tō hauora, inā koa te mahi a tō ngākau , te mahi tika o ō pukahukahu , me te rere noa o te toto i roto i ō uaua toto .

Ina haere koe ki te tākuta, kua kite pea koe i te tākuta e tango ana i te stethoscope ka whakanoho i taua wāhanga porowhita iti ki tō uma, ki tō tuara, ki tō puku, ka titiro ki ngā wāhi rerekē. Ka kīia koe kia mārire te manawa ki roto, kia mārire te manawa ki waho. I ētahi wā ka pōkaikaha noa te tākuta ka neke atu ki te whakamātautau e whai ake nei. Engari i ētahi wā, ki te kite rātou i tētahi huringa iti, ka tirotirohia pea e rātou.

I roto i te rongoā, ko te whakarongo ki ngā oro i roto i te tinana e kiia ana ko te "Auscultation ." Koinei te mahi matua a te stethoscope.

He aha ngā mea e whakarongohia ana e te tākuta me tēnei stethoscope?

He rerekē ngā oro e puta mai ana i ō tātou tinana i ngā wā katoa. Whakaarohia tō ngākau e patupatu ana me te mea he oro "lub-dub". He oro noa ēnei. Engari tera ētahi oro kāore i te noa. Ki te rongo koe i ēnei oro rerekē, ko te tikanga tera pea he raruraru e hiahia ana kia arohia, kia rongoatia rānei.

Mā te stethoscope, ka taea e te tākuta te whakarongo ki:

• Ngā oro o te ngākau: Haunga te manawataki me te tere o te ngākau, tera pea ka rangona e koe ngā oro rerekē pēnei i te "Ngā Kōrero o te Ngākau." Ko ēnei kōrero he oro i puta mai i ngā raruraru o ngā takirere ngākau, i ngā huringa rānei o te rere o te toto.
• Ngā oro o te pukahukahu: Ngā oro e puta ana i a koe e manawa ana ki roto, ki waho hoki. Haunga ngā oro manawa noa, tera pea ka rongo koe i ngā oro rerekē pēnei i te "Wheezing" (he tangi whiowhio ina manawa ana koe ki roto, ka rangona i roto i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te mate huango) me te "Stridor" (he oro teitei, he oro pakari ina manawa ana koe ki roto).
• Ngā oro o te puku: Ka puta he oro i ō whekau ina mahi ana. I ētahi wā, ka puta he oro ina hiakai koe, tika? Waihoki, i roto i ētahi āhuatanga hauora, ka rerekē pea ngā oro e puta mai ana i ō whekau. Hei tauira, ka puta he oro nui rawa (ngūngū) he oro teitei rānei (ngā oro teitei).
• Ngā oro o ngā oko toto:Ka rongo koe i te haruru o te toto e rere ana i roto i ngā uaua carotid, inā koa i te kaki. I ētahi wā, ki te whaiti ngā uaua, ka rangona he haruru rerekē ("(Carotid Bruit)`) i te rere o te toto i roto i aua uaua.

He mea nui: Kāore e taea e te tākuta te kī tonu atu he aha te raruraru, he aha rānei te kino o te raru ina rongo ia i tētahi oro rerekē pēnei. Heoi, ka hoatu he tohu ki a koe kei te hē pea tētahi mea. Ko reira anake, ki te tika, ka mahia ētahi atu whakamātautau hei whakatau i te take tuturu me te whakamahere maimoatanga. Arā, ko te stethoscope te taahiraa tuatahi me te mea nui rawa atu ki te tautuhi i tētahi mate . Engari ehara i te mea koinei anake te taahiraa.

He rerekē ngā momo stethoscope?

Āe, he maha ngā momo stethoscope e whakamahia ana e te tākuta.

Stethoscope Tuku Iho (Stethoscope Analogue)

Koinei te momo kua kitea e te nuinga o tātou, ā, e whakamahia ana hoki e te nuinga o ngā tākuta. E kiia ana hoki ko te stethoscope matarohia . He huarahi kua roa e whakamatautauria ana, ā, he huarahi angitu hoki ki te whakarongo ki ngā oro i roto i te tinana.

Kāore he taputapu hiko, he taputapu matihiko rānei e whakamahia ana. Ka puta tika mai te oro i roto i tō tinana, ka haere mā roto i ngā ngongo ngāwari ki te taringa o te tākuta. Ka whakarongo te tākuta ki te oro, ā, ka whakatau i te mea e tupu ana.

He rerekētanga anō hoki kei ēnei stethoscope tuku iho. Hei tauira, he stethoscope tamariki kua hangaia mō te whakamahi a ngā tamariki nohinohi, ā, he iti ake ngā wāhanga.

Stethoscope Hiko

He momo stethoscope matatau ake tēnei. He mea hanga kia mārama ake, kia nui ake te reo o ngā oro i roto i te tinana . Arā, ka whakanui ake i te oro. Ko ētahi oro e rangona mārire ana, hei tauira, ko ētahi "Haruru o te Ngākau", ka taea te hopu ngāwari ki tēnei.

Hei tāpiri, kei tēnei stethoscope he hangarau hei whakaiti i te haruru papamuri, kia taea ai e te tākuta te whakarongo noa ki ngā oro e hiahia ana ia kia mārama. Heoi anō, ka taea e koe te hopu i te oro ka whakarongo ā muri ake nei, ka taea rānei te tohatoha atu ki tētahi atu tākuta.

Stethoscope Mamati

He stethoscope matatau ake tēnei me ngā hangarau matatau ake. Ka taea hoki e ia te hopu mārama i ngā oro ngawari, me te whakakore i te haruru koretake. Pērā i te stethoscope hiko, ka taea hoki e ia te hopu oro.

Engari ko te mea motuhake o tēnei , ka taea e ia te huri i ngā oro e rangona ana mai i roto hei raraunga tirohanga, pērā i ngā kauwhata . Pērā ai, ka mārama ake te tākuta ki ngā mea e tupu ana i roto i te tinana. Waihoki, ka taea te tuku i ēnei raraunga ki ngā rorohiko, ki ētahi atu taputapu rānei, ka tātarihia ki ngā pūmanawa motuhake hei ako atu. Waihoki, ka taea te tohatoha i ēnei raraunga ki ō atu tākuta, hei āwhina i te whakarite i tō maimoatanga.

Ā tōna wā, he maha ngā tākuta ka whakamahi pea i ēnei stethoscope hiko me te mamati. I tēnei wā, ko ngā stethoscope tuku iho te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana , ā, ka taea tonu te whakarato i ngā mōhiotanga whai hua ki te tākuta.

Me pēhea te mahi a tēnei stethoscope iti?

Ko te mahi a te stethoscope mā te tango i ngā oro mai i roto i tō tinana, ka tukuna atu mā roto i ngā ngongo tuwhera ki te taringa o te tākuta. He uaua te pūtaiao o te oro, engari i ngā kupu māmā noa iho, ina neke tetahi mea i roto i tō tinana, ka hangaia he wiri. Mā ēnei wiri ka tukinga ngā matūriki i te rohe e karapoti ana, ka hangaia he ngaru oro . He rite ngā ngongo i roto i te stethoscope ki tētahi kauhanga e kawe ana i ēnei ngaru oro.

Ina whiwhi te taringa o te tākuta i ēnei ngaru oro, ka whakamaoritia hei oro e mōhiotia ana - hei tauira, te tangi "whūosh" o te ngunguru ngākau, te whiowhio rānei o te stridor.

Hei whakatutuki i ēnei mea katoa, ka mahi tahi ngā wāhanga maha o te stethoscope.

He aha ngā wāhanga o te stethoscope?

He torutoru ngā wāhanga matua o te stethoscope tuku iho (analogue):

• Wāhanga o te uma:

Koinei te wāhanga ka ata whakatakotoria e te tākuta ki tō kiri (ko tō uma te tikanga, engari ko tō tuara, puku, me tō kaki hoki). He mea hanga ki te konganuku me te kirihou. Pērā i te moni, e rua ngā taha o tēnei wāhanga uma: he diaphragm me te pere . Ka taea e te tākuta te neke i ēnei e rua ki mua, ki muri hoki kia rongo ai i ngā momo oro rerekē.

• Diaphragm: He wāhanga papatahi, porowhita tēnei. He mea whakamahi hei whakarongo ki ngā oro teitei (hei tauira, ngā oro manawa, ētahi oro puku, ētahi ngunguru ngākau).
• Pere: He wāhanga iti tēnei, he āhua kapu, he kōhao. He mea whakamahi hei whakarongo ki ngā oro iti te reo (hei tauira, ētahi oro o te ngākau, ētahi ngunguru o te ngākau, ētahi oro o ngā uaua toto).

Ka puta mai tētahi tokotoko whakarewa iti (kakau) i tēnei uma, ka hono atu ki te ngongo.

• Ngongo:

He ngongo pūkohu, ngāwari tēnei. Koinei te mea e kawe ana i te oro mai i te uma ki te taringa o te tākuta. He rerekē anō hoki te hoahoa o ēnei ngongo, engari i te nuinga o te wā ka puta mai tētahi ngongo mai i te uma, ka haere ki tētahi tawhiti poto, kātahi ka wehea kia rua ngā ngongo i roto i te āhua Y. Ka honoa ēnei ngongo ngāwari e rua ki ngā ngongo taringa whakarewa.

• Ngā ngongo taringa:

Koinei te huarahi e tika ai te oro ki te taringa o te tākuta. E rua ngā ngongo whakarewa, kotahi mō ia taringa. He paku pēhanga kei waenganui i ēnei. Ka taea e te tākuta te neke i ēnei ngongo e rua kia tata atu, kia tawhiti atu rānei kia rite ki tōna mata. He pito ngohengohe iti kei ia ngongo taringa i te pito (pērā i ngā pane taringa e whakamahia ana e koe hei whakarongo waiata). Ka kuhua pūmau ēnei pito taringa ki roto i te taringa o te tākuta.

He rite tonu ngā wāhanga taketake o ngā stethoscope hiko me ngā stethoscope matihiko. Kāore pea koe e rongo i te rerekētanga nui ina tirohia koe e te tākuta ki a rātou. Engari he taputapu hangarau anō kei roto i ēnei stethoscope matatau hei whakanui i te oro, hei mahi hoki i ngā mahi pēnei i te hopu oro.

Nā wai i hanga te stethoscope?

I hangaia tuatahitia te stethoscope i te tau 1816 e tētahi tākuta Wīwī ko René Laennec tōna ingoa. Engari he rerekē rawa te taputapu i hangaia e ia – he ngongo rakau noa iho – i te stethoscope e whakamahia ana e tō tākuta i ēnei rā. Nā te mea i roto i te wā, he maha atu ngā tākuta i whakapai ake i tōna hoahoa. Ko te hoahoa taketake o te stethoscope e kitea ana e tātou i ēnei rā i whakawhanakehia i ngā tau 1960 e tētahi tākuta Amerikana ko David Littmann tōna ingoa.

Ko te mea nui rawa atu me ako e tātou i tēnei

Ina mataku koe mō te haere ki te tākuta, ina tatari māharahara rānei koe mō ngā kōrero mō tētahi e arohaina ana e koe, kāore pea koe e whakaaro nui ki ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana e ngā tākuta. Ā, kāore pea koe e aro ki te mahi a aua taputapu - mena ka mahi tonu.

Engari, mā te mōhio ki tētahi taputapu pēnei i te stethoscope ka āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki te kaha o te mahi a te hangarau me te tohungatanga o te tākuta ki te tiaki i tō hauora . He mea whakamiharo te whakaaro ki te nui o te pūtaiao me te uara kua whakakīia ki roto i tēnei taputapu iti, kāore? Nō reira, i te wā e whai ake nei ka tāpirihia e te tākuta he stethoscope ki tō uma, ko taku tumanako ka maumahara koe ki ēnei mea!

` Stethoscope, taputapu hauora, manawa o te ngākau, oro o ngā pukahukahu, tātaritanga, whakarongo, oro tinana