I haere mai a Nishan (28 tau te pakeke) ki te whare hauora i taua rā me te tino ahotea me te pouri. I tōna taenga atu ki te rūma, ka mirimiri ia i tōna kaki, ka titiro ki te papa, me te noho puku mō te wā roa.
"E Tākuta, i pānuitia e au tētahi tuhinga ipurangi inapo mō te pukapuka a Richard Dawkins, 'The Selfish Gene'. E ai ki te tuhinga, he mīhini noa iho tātou katoa, pērā i ngā karetao, i hangaia hei whakaputa uri ira, e mahi ana i runga i ō tātou ira. He toto toto tiketike, he mate huka hoki tōku pāpā me ōku koroua. Nō reira, ko te tikanga o tēnā kua whakaritea ōku ira kia pāngia ahau e te mate pērā anō? Kāore ianei he herekoretanga mō tātou ki te whakahaere i ō tātou oranga?" i pātai a Nishan me te mataku nui.
I titiro atu ahau ki a Nishan, ā, ka menemene aroha. "E Nishan, kaua e wehi. Nā Richard Dawkins, te kaituhi o taua pukapuka, i whakamahi i te kupu 'whaiaro' hei kupu whakarite mō ngā kararehe anake. Ehara i te mea kāore he herekoretanga mō tātou ki te ora. Ahakoa ko ngā ira te tauira mō ō tātou oranga, ehara tātou i te karetao noa iho. Ka taea e tātou te whakahaere i te mahi a ō tātou ira mā roto i ā tātou tikanga hauora, kai, me te oranga hinengaro. I roto i te pūtaiao hauora, ka kiia tēnei ko te epigenetics. Nō reira, i tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō te whanaungatanga i waenga i tēnei ariā pūtaiao o te ira whaiaro me tō tātou hauora tūturu."
He aha ngā ira?
He waehere koiora iti ngā ira e mau ana i ngā tohutohu ngaro e hiahiatia ana hei hanga me te whakahaere i tō tātou tinana katoa. Kei roto i ngā ngota DNA o roto i ō tātou pūtau.
Ehara i te mea ko te tae o ō tātou kanohi, te teitei, me te tae kiri anake te mea e whakatau ana i ēnei ira, engari me pēhea hoki te whawhai a tō tātou pūnaha ārai mate ki te mate. Ahakoa te āhua o ngā ira he wāhanga matū kore ora, koinei te kaha matua e tautoko ana i te ora i runga i te Ao.
He tino ora tonu ngā ira?
Hei tangata, ka mate tātou katoa i tētahi rā. Kāore ō tātou tinana e mure ore. Engari kāore ngā ira i roto i ō tātou tinana e mate. Ka tukuna iho i tētahi whakatipuranga ki tētahi whakatipuranga mā roto i ā tātou tamariki me ngā mokopuna.
Ka taea e ētahi ira te ora mō ngā miriona tau me te kore e rerekē i roto i ngā tinana o ngā kararehe me ngā tāngata. Koia te take i kī ai a Richard Dawkins ko ngā ira he "kaitārua korekore". Mā te kōwhiringa taiao ka ora anake ngā ira e pai ana ki te taiao, ā, ka taea te tuku angitu ki te whakatipuranga e whai ake nei.
Ngā mīhini koiora e kawe ana i ngā ira (Ngā Mīhini Ora)
E ai ki te ariā o te "ira whaiaroaro," he mea hanga ō tātou tinana, arā, ngā kararehe me ngā tāngata, hei tiaki me te tuku iho i ō tātou ira ki te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei. I kī a Dawkins ko ō tātou tinana he "mīhini ora" mō ngā ira.
- Kai: Ka kai tātou hei whiwhi i te pūngao e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i ō tātou tinana me te tiaki i ō tātou ira.
- Te tiaki i ngā pīpī:Ka whakapau kaha ngā kararehe ki te tiaki i ā rātou tamariki, nā te mea e 50% o ō rātou ira ka riro mai i a rātou.
- Te kukume ā-ira tangata: Ka whakaatuhia e ngā pīkoka ō rātou huruhuru ataahua hei kukume i tētahi hoa, hei tuku iho hoki i ō rātou ira ki te whakatipuranga e whai ake nei.
Te Whakataetae me te Mahi Tahi i roto i te Whanaketanga
He whakataetae tonu te oranga tonutanga o te ora. Ko te nuinga o tēnei whakataetae ka puta i waenga i ngā ira.
Te whakataetae i waenganui i te tītah me te tia
Ka ngana ngā ira o te tīta ki te hoatu ki a ia he tere ake te oma me ngā maikuku koi ake. Kia taea ai e te tīta te hopu kai me te ora. I tētahi atu taha, ka ngana ngā ira o te tia ki te hoatu ki a ia he tere ake ngā urupare me te kaha ki te huna. Nō reira, ka ngana ngā ira o ngā taha e rua ki te wikitoria tetahi i tetahi, ā, ka kiia tēnei he whakataetae patu whanaketanga.
Te Mahi Tahi ā-Whanaketanga
Ahakoa he hiahia whaiaro ngā ira, i ētahi wā he mea nui te mahi tahi kia ora tonu ai ngā ira. Hei tauira, ina whakamomona ngā pī i ngā putiputi, ka ngote rātou i te waihonga. Mā te mahi tahi a te pī me te putiputi ka āwhina i te kawe angitu i ngā ira o ngā taha e rua.
Ngā ira Hox: Ngā kāpū wā o te taiao
He rōpū ira tino nui ngā ira hox e whakatau ana i te hanganga o te tinana (upoko, tinana, waewae) o ngā kararehe.
Kua noho tonu ēnei ira i roto i ngā rau miriona tau, kāore i tino rerekē. Nā te rite o ngā ira Hox e whakatau ana i te āhua o te tinana o te namu me ngā ira Hox e whakatau ana i te āhua o te tinana o te tangata, kua miharo ngā kaipūtaiao. He pūrua tūturu ēnei o te taiao, ā, he taunakitanga kaha tēnei i ahu mai ngā mea ora katoa o te Ao i tētahi tūpuna kotahi.
Te ira whaiaro me te whanonga tangata
Kei muri i te nuinga o ā tātou whanonga ko ngā tohutohu e homai ana e te roro hei whakarite i te oranga tonutanga o ngā ira.
- Aroha o ngā mātua: E hiahia ana ngā mātua ki te tuku i ngā patunga tapu katoa mō ā rātou tamariki nā te mea kei roto i ngā tamariki ō rātou ira. I roto i ngā ira, ka kiia tēnei ko te "kōwhiringa whanaunga".
- Te Aroha me te Marena: Ina whiriwhiri tātou i tētahi hoa, ka whiriwhiria e tātou tētahi he hauora ake, he pai ake hoki te pūnaha ārai mate, me te whāinga kia whānau tamariki kaha ake.
🚨 Ngā whakatūpato me ngā tohutohu hauora
Mena he āhuatanga ira kei roto i tō whānau, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki aua āhuatanga.
Ngā āhuatanga me toro atu koe ki te tākuta me te rapu tohutohu tonu:
- Mena he maha ngā mema o te whānau tata kua pāngia e te mate pukupuku, ngā mate manawa, te ngoikore rānei o te whatukuhu i te wā taitamariki.
- Mena he mate toto tuku iho pērā i te Thalassemia kei ngā taha e rua o te whānau o te tokorua e hiahia ana ki te marena.
- Mena kei te pāngia koe e ngā mate pāwera i a koe e hapu ana.
Ngā Mea Me Mahi, Ngā Mea Kaua e Mahi
| ✔️ Ngā mea hei mahi (Mahi) | ❌ Ngā mea kāore e tika ana |
|---|---|
| Kia mōhio koe ki ngā kōrero mō tō hītori whānau. | Kaua e wehi ki te whakaaro ahakoa he mate kei roto i tō whānau, ka tino pāngia koe e taua mate anō. |
| Whakahaerehia ngā pānga kino o ngā ira mā te kai hauora me te noho ora. | Kaua e whakararuraru i a koe anō mā te whakaaro ki ngā mate ira me te kore he tohutohu hauora, he whakamātautau rānei. |
| Mena e tika ana, rapua he tohutohu ira i runga i ngā tohutohu hauora. | Kaua e whakarērea ngā whakamātautau i tūtohutia e tō tākuta i te wā e hapu ana. |
❓ Ētahi atu pātai pea āu (FAQ)
E tohu ana te ira whaiaro he whānau whaiaro tātou katoa? ▼
Kāo. Ko te kupu 'whaiaro' e whakamahia ana i konei hei whakaahua i te āhua tūturu o ngā ira ki te tuku i ā rātou tārua ki te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, ehara i te mea hei whakaahua i ngā whakaaro tangata, i ngā whanonga matatika rānei. Inaa, e whakamārama ana tēnei ariā ko te mahi tahi me te atawhai i waenga i te tangata me ngā kararehe he maha ngā wā ka āwhina i ngā ira kia ora.
Mena he mate ira tō tetahi o tōku whānau, ka tino pāngia anō hoki ahau e taua mate? ▼
Kāo. Ahakoa ka piki ake pea te tūponotanga o te mate i roto i te hītori whānau, kāore e taea te kī ka pāngia koe e te mate katoa. He maha ngā mate, pērā i te toto toto tiketike, te mate huka, me te mate ngakau, he maha ngā āhuatanga. Arā, haunga ngā ira, ko ngā āhuatanga o waho pērā i tō momo noho, tō kai, tō whakakori tinana, me te ahotea ka whakatau anō hoki mēnā ka whakahohehia aua ira.
Ka taea e ngā whakamātautau ira te kite wawe i ngā mate ?
Āe. E ai ki ngā pūtaiao hauora o nāianei, mā ngā whakamātautau ira e whakamahi ana i te tauira toto ka taea te kite i ngā mate tuku iho ka tūpono pea koe ki te whakawhanake ā muri ake nei (hei tauira, ko ngā whakarerekētanga ira BRCA1/BRCA2 e whakatau ana i te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku ū). Mā tēnei kitenga wawe ka taea e koe te mahi i ngā mahi hauora e tika ana me ngā huringa āhua noho hei ārai i te mate.
He haumaru te whakatika ira mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau pēnei i te CRISPR? ▼
He hangarau hou a CRISPR-Cas9 e taea ai te tapahi me te whakarerekē tika i te DNA. Kei te whakamatautauria haumanutia i tēnei wā hei rongoā i ngā mate ira kino pērā i te hemophilia me te anemia pūtau mariao, me te angitu nui. Heoi anō, kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau pūtaiao pakari me ngā tukanga ture puta noa i te ao e pā ana ki tōna haumaru me ngā take matatika.
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