ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯦꯅꯣꯔꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯟꯇꯤ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯁ.
ꯃꯁꯤ ‘ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯁꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ? ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯃꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯖꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯟ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯤꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ) ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ‘ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ (ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ, ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ, ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ‘ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ’ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯃꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯌꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯀꯣꯁ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
| ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ꯫ |
|---|---|
| ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ (stool)ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ | ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (varices) ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯌꯨꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ (Ascites) . | ꯍꯥꯏ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ |
| ꯈꯣꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ (Edema) . | ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ |
| ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ (Hypersplenism) . | ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ (blot clots)ꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ (spleen) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ |
| ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯟꯊꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯟꯇ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯗꯤ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯦꯅꯣꯔꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯟꯇ (ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯁ.): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫
- ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯖꯨꯒꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯣꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯤꯛ ꯁꯟꯇ (ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.):ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯇꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ (ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ) ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯅꯤ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:
- ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯏ.ꯀꯦ.ꯖꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ - ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ - ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯉꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯗꯒꯦ, ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ (NG ꯇꯨꯕ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 24 ꯔꯣꯝ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ (IV) ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯖꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯟ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯇꯤꯁꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯎꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯣ-ꯁꯣꯜꯇ, ꯂꯣ-ꯐꯦꯠ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯚꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫
- ꯂꯣꯛ ꯈꯨꯕ
- ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯍꯧꯕ
- ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
- ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯊꯦꯡꯊꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
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