ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯕꯔꯥ? ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ, "ꯑꯣꯍ, ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯔꯥ ?" ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁꯕꯝꯌꯨꯀꯣꯁꯥꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ (ESD) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯛ ꯐꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ‘ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ’ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯐꯨꯗ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯦ꯫
ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯗꯥ, ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯔꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ, ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ, ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯄꯁ , ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ -ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ:
- ꯕꯦꯔꯦꯇꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ (Barret’s esophagus): ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯔꯦꯛꯇꯜ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ꯫
- ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ꯫
- ꯁ꯭ꯃꯣꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ꯫
- ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ . ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ `ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯣꯁꯥꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ (EMR) ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫` ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫
| ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ | ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯣꯁꯥꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ (ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.) | ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁꯕꯝꯌꯨꯀꯣꯁꯥꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ (ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.) |
|---|---|---|
| ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ꯫ | ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ (mucosa)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ | ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ꯫ | ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯀꯊꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ | ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯈꯣꯉꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ . |
| ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ | ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ꯫ | ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ |
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯥ (e.g. stomach, esophagus) ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ: ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯗꯥ) ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ: ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ "ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯞ" ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ (`ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ`), ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯒꯅꯤ:
1. ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫
2. ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯒꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ꯫
꯳.ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯔꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
4. ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ "ꯀꯨꯁꯟ" ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
5. ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯈꯣꯉꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ? ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯚꯔꯤ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯲꯴ ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫
| ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 1-2ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ) | ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯗꯒꯦ꯫ |
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ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛꯌꯨꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫
ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 5ꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯅ-ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁꯕꯝꯌꯨꯀꯣꯁꯥꯜ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ (ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
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