ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯨꯕꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯁꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯅꯣꯟꯖꯔꯀꯄꯥ, ꯂꯧꯅꯒꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯄꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯨꯕꯅꯤ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯀꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯱.꯵ ꯁꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯀꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ‘ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ’ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ:

1. ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ (drainage): ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

2. ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯃꯤꯗꯜ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯤꯚꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫

3. ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯥꯏꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ? ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯨꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯔꯥꯏꯖꯣꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯗꯤꯁꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ (ꯏ.ꯇꯤ.ꯗꯤ.)

ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯗꯤꯁꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ (ETD) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ETD ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯜ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ: ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯊꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯚꯂꯁꯥꯂꯚꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯧ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ‘ꯄꯣꯞ’ꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯋꯥꯔꯝ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ: ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯐꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯧ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
• ꯁꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯂꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯠ ꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯃꯤꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯀꯦꯁ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯥꯡ, ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ (ENT ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

• ꯃꯥꯏꯔꯤꯡꯇꯣꯃꯤ (myringotomy): ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯏꯌꯥꯔꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡ (ear tubes): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯇꯨꯕꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯎꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯆꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫