ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯁꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯕꯦꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯖꯔꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 1: ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯄꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ . ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ‘ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛꯇꯤꯚ’ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ: ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ, ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (ꯗꯨꯑꯣꯗꯦꯅꯝ)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ (ꯖꯦꯖꯨꯅꯝ)꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯖꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯔꯣꯛꯁ-ꯑꯦꯟ-ꯋꯥꯏ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ‘ꯃꯦꯂꯥꯕꯁꯣꯔꯄꯇꯤꯚ’ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯔꯧꯁ-ꯑꯦꯟ-ꯋꯥꯏ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯄꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯦꯁ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ (laparotomy) ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 2ꯗꯒꯤ 3 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ 2ꯗꯒꯤ 3 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ 0.5%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ (ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ, 200ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ)꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ, ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 60% ꯍꯟꯊꯩ . ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯷꯰ꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯱꯵꯰ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯸꯰ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 60%, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ 48ꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯑꯣꯕꯦꯁꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ, ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ, ꯑꯦꯖꯃꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯦꯄꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .

ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ꯫	ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯚ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫	ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ (sleeve) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ‘ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ’ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ꯫	ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯄꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫
ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯑꯣꯄꯦꯅꯛꯔꯤꯑꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯔꯁꯟ꯫	ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁꯀꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (ileum)ꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

• ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ( ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ) ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ .
• ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯩ .
• ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ (ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯅ-ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫