ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ‘ꯚꯜꯌꯨ’ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏ, ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ-ꯃꯄꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ:
- ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯀꯁꯄꯤꯗ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ: ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ : ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯃꯥꯏꯠꯔꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ: ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ .
- ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ (aortic valve): ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (aorta)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯁꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫
ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
1. ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯈꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
2. ꯔꯤꯒꯔꯖꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯉ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯕꯨꯁꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯠꯔꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯥꯄꯁ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
꯳.ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯔꯤꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯕꯔ : ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯞ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯇꯤꯁ (Endocarditis): ꯏꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯅꯠꯔꯥꯚꯦꯅꯁ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ : ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ , ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ (atherosclerosis) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯂꯨꯄꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯏꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯀꯦꯁ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
| ꯈꯥꯡꯕ ꯀꯟꯕ | ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
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| ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
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| ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯀꯅꯤ꯫
1. ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯥ꯫
2. ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯊꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ‘ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ’ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
꯳.ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.
- ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ (Echo): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
- ꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯖꯤ.(ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ (ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯃꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ) ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
- ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ꯫
ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ: ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ "ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯕꯦꯇꯥ-ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯟ-ꯀꯟꯚꯥꯔꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯅꯖꯥꯏꯝ ꯏꯅꯍꯤꯕꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ACE ꯏꯅꯍꯤꯕꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ): ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯀꯂꯣꯗ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯣꯑꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ: "ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯊꯤꯅꯔ" ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛ-ꯍꯣꯡꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
1. ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ``ꯚꯂꯚꯨꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ``ꯅꯤ꯫
2. ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫
| ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ꯫ | ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
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| ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ꯫ (ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ) | ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ: ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯌꯗꯕꯥ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯣꯑꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ (ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ) | ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗꯤ: ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ: ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 10-15ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ .
- ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯍꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ-ꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯁꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ-ꯑꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
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