ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ "ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ?", "ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ?", "ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯞꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?" ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯤꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦ.
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯤꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ (IAA) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
- ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯅꯤ (Atria): ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ "ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨ" ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ "ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ" ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯅꯤ (ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ): ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ (IAA) ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯉ꯭ꯀꯇꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ . ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ, ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯉ꯭ꯀꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯒꯅꯤ? ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯐꯪꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫
ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
| ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ꯫ | ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ |
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| ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯟꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯆꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ |
| ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ |
| ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ꯫ | ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯂꯥꯅꯀꯣꯂꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ (ETU)ꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯈꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯥꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ (VSD): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ (ventricle) ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯥꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ (ASD): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯁ (Truncus Arteriosus): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ (aorta ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ pulmonary artery)ꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯃꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯗꯤ "ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯅꯤ?" ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫
ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ (IAA) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯖꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ‘ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ’ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯖꯣꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫
ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦ.ꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯔꯖ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯖꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯗꯤꯖꯔꯖ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ) ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯚꯤꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ, ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯃꯦꯂꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ (ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ) ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ . ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
1. ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫
ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯤꯑꯣꯅꯦꯇꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯚ ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ (NICU) ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ (ductus arteriosus) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯣꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ’ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯤꯟ ꯏ ꯱ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
꯲.ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ꯫
ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ: ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
- ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ VSD (ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯄꯥꯁ (ꯄꯤ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦ.) ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯦ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯉ꯭ꯀꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ, ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ . ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯸꯱% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯂꯣ-ꯑꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ . ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯦ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ (IAA) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ .
- ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ , ꯖꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ .
- ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
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