ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ IV ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ‘ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯦ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯋꯥꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ, ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯉꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫
ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫
ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ (CKD)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
- ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ (1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2): ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫
- ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ 3: ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯥ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯃꯥꯡꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ, ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥ) ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ 4: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ . ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ 5: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯦ꯫ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯞꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ (ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ IV) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯁꯤ꯫
ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ (CKD) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
- ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯔꯃꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯒꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯃꯔꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯉ꯭ꯀꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ꯫
- ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯁꯟ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ꯫
ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯥ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯃꯦꯔꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯔꯦꯠ (ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ GFR ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ 15%ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ‘ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫
ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫
| ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ꯫ | ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ... |
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| ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯞꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ) ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯞꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ |
| ꯍꯦꯃꯣꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ (ꯑꯩꯆ.ꯗꯤ.) | ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ |
| ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ (ꯄꯤ.ꯗꯤ.) | ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ (catheter) ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ |
ꯍꯦꯃꯣꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫
ꯍꯦꯃꯣꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯳ ꯂꯩ꯫
- ꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯂꯥ: ꯱.ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯅꯤ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯠ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯇꯔ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (blood vessels) ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯜ꯫
ꯆꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯜ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯠ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯀꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯠ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯇꯤꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯌꯨ꯫
ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥ꯫
ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯄꯤꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯇꯥꯃꯤꯟ Dꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ 4ꯒꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ꯫
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