Kodi mukuda nkhawa ndi khansa ya machende anu? Tiyeni tikambirane za khansa ya machende popanda mantha!

Lero tikambirana za nkhani yovuta pang'ono, koma yofunika kwambiri. Imeneyo ndi khansa ya m'ma testicular. Mukamva dzinali, mungakhale ndi mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa. Komabe, chofunika kwambiri ndi kusachita mantha, chifukwa kudziwa bwino za izi kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu.

Kodi khansa ya m'matumbo ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya machende ndi kukula kwa maselo oipa mu imodzi kapena, kawirikawiri, machende onse awiri. Monga mukudziwa, machende ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta mtedza mwa amuna. Amapanga umuna ndi mahomoni a testosterone . Amapezeka m'thumba la khungu pansi pa mbolo, lotchedwa scrotum. Monga khansa ina iliyonse, khansa ya machende ndi vuto lalikulu. Koma mwamwayi, ndi matenda ochiritsika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake musadandaule, tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za izi.

Kodi pali mitundu ya khansa iyi?

Inde, pali mitundu ingapo ikuluikulu ya khansa ya m'machende. Nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 90% ya milandu, khansa imeneyi imachokera ku maselo a tizilombo mkati mwa machende. Maselo a tizilombo awa ndi mtundu wa selo lomwe pambuyo pake lidzakhala umuna. Maselo awa amasonkhana pamodzi kuti apange chotupa. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:

• Seminoma: Iyi ndi khansa yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono . Imapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 50.
• Non-seminoma: Mtundu uwu umakula mofulumira kuposa seminoma. Umakhudza kwambiri achinyamata, azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 30. Pali mitundu ina inayi ya non-seminoma. Iliyonse imatchedwa dzina la mtundu wa selo la germ lomwe limapanga khansa . Zitsanzo zake ndi monga embryonal carcinoma , yolk sac carcinoma , choriocarcinoma , ndi teratoma .

Nthawi zina mitundu yonse iwiri ya maselo (maselo a Seminoma ndi Non-seminoma) ingakhalepo mu khansa imodzi.

Kodi khansa ya m'ma testicular ndi yofala bwanji?

Khansa ya m'matumbo si yofala kwambiri . Imakhudza amuna 250 okha omwe ali ndi matumbo. Komabe, ndi khansa yofala kwambiri mwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 35. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu azaka zimenezo adziwe za khansayi.

Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti? Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani mukaziona?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro za khansa ya m'ma testicular. Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi, musachite mantha ndikupita kwa dokotala.

• Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri ndi chotupa chosapweteka kapena kutupa m'chidendene .
• Kutupa kapena kudziunjikira mwadzidzidzi kwa madzi m'thumba la mabere .
• Chotupa kapena kutupa mu testis imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri.
• Kumva kulemera m'thumba la mimba.
• Kupweteka kosalekeza m'mimba kapena m'chiuno.
• Kupweteka kapena kusasangalala m'makoswe kapena m'chidendene.
• Kufooka kwa Matumbo.

Kumbukirani kuti zizindikirozi zingachitikenso m'matenda ena. Choncho musaganize nthawi yomweyo kuti ndi khansa. Komabe, nthawi zonse ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala kuti akakuoneni. Matendawa akapezeka mochedwa, mwayi woti maselo a khansa afalikire umakula, ndipo chithandizocho chimakhala chovuta kwambiri.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa ya m’ma testicular imeneyi imachitika?

Ofufuza sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya m'ma testicular. Chomwe chimachitika ndi ichi: Maselo omwe nthawi zambiri amagawikana ndikukula mwadzidzidzi amayamba kugawikana mwachangu kwambiri. Pamapeto pake, maselowa amalumikizana ndikupanga chotupa. Nthawi zambiri , maselo a tizilombo omwe tidalankhula kale amakhala khansa.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa? Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu woti adwale matendawa?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'ma testicular. Timatcha zinthuzi kuti ``(Risk Factors)`` . Kukhala ndi zinthuzi sizikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi khansa, koma mwayi woti mutenge khansa ndi wokwera pang'ono.

• Zaka: Kawirikawiri zimapezeka mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 35.
• Ma Testicles Osatuluka M'mimba: Kawirikawiri, ma testicles amakula m'mimba mwana akamabadwa. Asanabadwe, amatsikira m'mimba. Ili ndi dzina lomwe ma testicles omwe sanatsike m'mimba. Izi zingafunike opaleshoni. Amuna obadwa ndi vutoli ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya ma testicles akakula, ngakhale atachitidwa opaleshoni.
• Fuko ndi fuko: Izi ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa azungu omwe si a ku Spain ku United States ndi ku Europe.
• Mbiri ya banja : Ngati wina m'banja mwanu (abambo, mchimwene wanu) adadwala khansa iyi, muli ndi mwayi wochepa woti nayonso ikule. Komanso, matenda ena a majini monga Klinefelter SyndromeMatenda amathanso kuwonjezera chiopsezo. Ngati khansa iyamba m'chibelekero chimodzi, mwayi woti iyambenso m'chibelekero china ndi waukulu.
• Kusabereka : Zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa kusabereka kwa amuna zimaganiziridwa kuti zimagwirizana ndi kukula kwa khansa ya m'ma testicular, koma kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika pa izi.

Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji?

Chabwino, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse, kapena ngati muwona china chake chosiyana panthawi yodziyesa nokha (tidzakambirana za zimenezo mtsogolo), kodi madokotala amadziwa bwanji ngati ndi khansa ya m'ma testicular? Nthawi zina imatha kupezeka panthawi yoyezetsa dokotala nthawi zonse. Mayeso akuluakulu omwe amachitika ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa thupi ndi mbiri ya matenda: Dokotala adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndikukuyang'anirani mosamala. Adzakhudza makamaka machende kuti aone ngati pali zotupa ndi ma lymph nodes otupa (kuti awone ngati khansa yafalikira).
• Ultrasound: Ngati dokotala wanu awona chinthu chachilendo, mwina adzayitanitsa ultrasound. Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yopanda ululu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu kwambiri kuti ijambule zithunzi za minofu mkati mwa thupi lanu.
• Kuchotsa Matumbo a M'mimba ndi Kuchotsa Matumbo: Ngati ultrasound ikusonyeza kuti pali khansa, dokotalayo adzadula pang'ono m'mimba mwake ndikuchotsa matumbo omwe akhudzidwa. Kenako katswiri adzatenga minofu kuchokera ku matumbo omwe achotsedwa ndikuiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti aone ngati pali maselo a khansa. Izi zimatchedwa biopsy.

Mayeso ena

Kuwonjezera pa izi, mayeso ena akhoza kuchitidwa:

• Kuyesa Chizindikiro cha Khansa ya M'magazi: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha magazi ndi kuyeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zingakwezedwe m'magazi mogwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa. Zinthuzi zimatchedwa zizindikiro za khansa . Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za khansa zomwe zimakwezedwa mu khansa ya m'ma testicular ndi alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG kapena beta-HCG) , ndi lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) . Zizindikirozi zitha kukwezedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa. Mwachitsanzo, mu seminoma, HCG ikhoza kukwezedwa koma AFP singakwezedwe. Mu non-seminoma, AFP ikhoza kukwezedwa, koma osati HCG. Kuchuluka kwa LDH kungasonyezenso ngati khansa yafalikira.
• Kujambula kwa CT/CAT, X-ray ndi MRIs:Kujambula kwa CT kumagwiritsa ntchito X-rays kujambula mkati mwa thupi lanu. Kujambula kwa CT m'mimba ndi m'chiuno mwanu kungachitike kuti muwone ngati khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zapafupi. Kujambula kwa CT kapena X-ray yokhazikika ingachitike kuti muwone ngati khansa yafalikira ku mapapo anu. Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti khansa yafalikira ku dongosolo lanu la mitsempha (ubongo ndi msana), MRI ingachitike. MRI imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamaginito ndi mafunde a wailesi kujambula mkati mwa thupi lanu.

Kodi magawo a khansa ndi ati?

Gawo lina la kuzindikira matendawa ndi kudziwa siteji ya khansa (Cancer Staging) . Gawoli limapereka chidziwitso chofunikira, monga kukula kwa chotupacho komanso ngati khansayo yafalikira. Limadziwitsanso mtundu wa chithandizo.

• Gawo 0: Maselo osazolowereka akukula, koma akadali mkati mwa machende kumene maselo a umuna akuyamba kupangidwa. Izi zimatchedwanso Germ Cell Neoplasia In Situ (GCNIS) .
• Gawo Loyamba: Khansa imapezeka m'matumbo okha. Ikhoza kufalikira ku mitsempha yamagazi kapena ya lymph yapafupi. Zizindikiro za chotupa zitha kukwera kapena kusakwera.
• Gawo Lachiwiri: Khansa yafalikira mpaka ku ma lymph nodes kumbuyo kwa mimba (yomwe imatchedwanso ``Retroperitoneum''), koma sinafalikire kwina kulikonse. Komabe, ngati khansayo ili m'ma lymph nodes ndipo zizindikiro za chotupacho zili pang'ono kapena kwambiri, imayikidwa mu gawo lachitatu m'malo mwa gawo lachiwiri.
• Gawo Lachitatu: Khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes omwe ali kunja kwa mimba kapena ku ziwalo zina.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone njira zochizira khansa ya m'ma testicular. Chithandizo chimadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo thanzi lanu, zomwe mumakonda, gawo la khansa, ndi mtundu wa khansa. Popeza seminoma imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo imayankha bwino ku radiation therapy, imatha kuchiritsidwa mosiyana ndi non-seminoma. Komabe, mitundu yonse iwiri imayankha bwino ku chemotherapy. Ngati khansa ili ndi maselo ochokera ku seminoma ndi non-seminoma, madokotala amaitcha non-seminoma. Mankhwala akuluakulu ndi awa:

Opaleshoni

Kuchotsa machende a khansa ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yochizira khansa . Izi zimachitika mosasamala kanthu za siteji kapena mtundu wa khansa. Nthawi zina, dokotala wanu angachotsenso ma lymph nodes anu.

• Kuchotsa Orchinal Orchinal:Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchotsa tchire lomwe lili ndi khansa. Limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa seminoma ndi non-seminoma. Dokotala amaduladula m'mimba ndikuchotsa tchire lomwe lili ndi chotupa. Nthawi yomweyo, mitsempha yamagazi ndi minofu ya lymphatic zimatsekedwa kuti khansa isafalikire mbali zina za thupi.
• Kuduladula kwa Retroperitoneal Lymph Node (RPLND): Kutengera ndi siteji ndi mtundu wa khansa, dokotala wanu angachite opaleshoni iyi. Nthawi zambiri imachitika pa khansa yosakhala ya seminoma. Mu njirayi, dokotala wanu amaduladula m'mimba mwanu ndikuchotsa ma lymph node omwe ali kumbuyo kwa ziwalo zanu zam'mimba. RPLND ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza khansa ndikuzindikira siteji ya khansa.

Ngati khansa yafalikira mpaka m'mapapo kapena m'chiwindi, opaleshoni ingachitike kuti ichotse zotupazo.

Chithandizo cha X-ray

Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito X-ray ya mlingo waukulu kuti awononge maselo a khansa. Chithandizochi chingaperekedwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti khansa isabwererenso. Nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa nthawi zambiri pa seminoma.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Cisplatin, Bleomycin, ndi Etoposide kupha maselo a khansa. Chemotherapy yathandiza kwambiri kuti odwala a seminoma ndi omwe si seminoma apulumuke. Kutengera mtundu wa khansa, chemotherapy ikhoza kuperekedwa m'malo mwa opaleshoni. Ikhoza kuperekedwa musanachite opaleshoni ya radical inguinal orchiectomy (RPLND) kapena mutachita opaleshoni ya radical inguinal orchiectomy (Radical Inguinal Orchiectomy). Chemotherapy imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati khansa yabwereranso pambuyo pa chithandizo.

Kodi khansa ya m'ma testicular ingapewedwe? (Kudzifufuza kwa M'ma testicular - TSE)

Palibe njira yopewera khansa ya m'ma testicular kwathunthu . Komabe, mutha kudziyesa nokha (TSE) kuti muwone ngati pali kusintha kulikonse mu ma testicular anu. Ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Ngati muwona zotupa, ziphuphu, kapena kuuma kwa ma testicular anu, kapena ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse mu ma testicular anu, uzani dokotala wanu. Madokotala ambiri amalimbikitsa kudziyesa nokha kamodzi pamwezi .

Kodi mumachita bwanji mayeso a testicular self-examination (TSE)?

Chabwino, kodi mungadziyese bwanji bwino testicular self-examination (TSE)? Zimatenga mphindi ziwiri zokha. Tsatirani izi:

• Chitani mayesowa mutasamba kapena kusamba ndi madzi otentha. Kutenthako kudzamasula khungu la m'mimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kumva chilichonse chachilendo.
• Gwiritsani ntchito manja onse awiri kuti muyang'ane tchende limodzi. Ikani zala zanu za m'manja ndi zapakati pansi pa tchende ndipo chala chanu chachikulu pamwamba.
• Gwirani tchire lililonse mwa kulizunguliza pakati pa chala chanu chachikulu ndi zala zina ziwiri.
• Dziwani bwino zomwe mumamva nthawi zambiri. Mukakhudza testicle iliyonse, mudzamva ngati chingwe pamwamba ndi kumbuyo kwake. Izi zimatchedwa epididymis . Apa ndi pomwe umuna umasungidwa ndikunyamulidwa. Musasokoneze izi ndi chotupa. Ndizachilendonso kuti testicle ziwirizi zikhale zosiyana pang'ono kukula kwake. Ngakhale testicle yakumanzere ndi yakumanja zitha kusiyana kukula, testicle iliyonse iyenera kukhala yofanana kukula.
• Yang'anani zotupa zilizonse. Zotupa zimatha kukhala zazikulu kuyambira kukula kwa nandolo mpaka zazikulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri sizipweteka. Ngati mupeza chotupa, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati muwona kusintha kwa kukula kwa machende anu, kapena ngati mukumva chotupa, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Ndibwinonso kuyesedwa thupi kamodzi pachaka.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha matendawa ndi chiyani?

Kodi khansa ya m'ma testicular ikuyembekezeka kudwala bwanji? Ndi yabwino kwambiri . Mtundu uwu wa khansa ukhoza kuchiritsidwa bwino pa milandu yoposa 95%. Ngakhale kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zinthu zoopsa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mwayi wa 50% wochira. Chifukwa chake, iyi ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri.

Kodi khansa ya m'ma testicular ingachiritsidwe?

Inde, khansa ya m'ma testicular ndi matenda ochiritsika . Ngakhale kupezeka ndi khansa nthawi zonse kumakhala koopsa, nkhani yabwino yokhudza khansa ya m'ma testicular ndi yakuti imatha kuchiritsidwa bwino pa milandu 95%. Ngati yapezeka msanga ndikuchiritsidwa, chiŵerengero cha machiritso chimawonjezeka kufika pa 98%.

Kodi izi zingakhale zoopsa?

Khansa ya m'matumbo imatha kupha, koma siichitika kawirikawiri . Komabe, kuzindikirika msanga kwa matendawa kumakhudza kwambiri mwayi wanu wochira . Mukapita kwa dokotala mwachangu ndikuzindikira matendawa, mwayi wanu wokhala wopanda khansa umakula.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukalandira chithandizo? (Moyo wogonana, kubereka)

Anthu ambiri amadabwa zomwe zimachitika ndi chilakolako chawo chogonana komanso kubereka atachotsedwa tchire. Nthawi zambiri, kukhala ndi tchire limodzi kumakhala kokwanira kuti mahomoni anu azikhala athanzi komanso kuti chilakolako chanu chogonana chikhalebe cholimba. Muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yogonana (kugona) ndikutulutsa umuna. Nthawi zina, amuna omwe adachotsedwa mbolo yawo akhoza kukhalabe ndi tchire, koma angakhalebe ndi vuto lotulutsa umuna. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zoopsa zilizonse zomwe zingabwere chifukwa cha chithandizo. Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi kubereka kwanu, sperm banking , yomwe ikusunga umuna wanu kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo, ingakhale njira yabwino.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse mu chimodzi kapena zonse ziwiri za testis yanu, musachedwe kupita kwa dokotala. Anthu ambiri amayesetsa kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa mayeso awo ogonana. Koma pankhani ya khansa, nthawi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Kutengera mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, khansa ya testis imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ngati chithandizo chayamba msanga.

Pomaliza, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana kumene, zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira ndi izi:

• Khansa ya m'ma testicular ndi matenda omwe amatha kuchiritsidwa kwambiri ngati atapezeka msanga.
• Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziyesa wekha m'ma testicular (TSE) mwezi uliwonse. Ngati muwona zotupa, kutupa, kupweteka, kapena kusintha kwa kukula, musachite mantha kapena manyazi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Ngakhale zizindikiro zitakhalapo, si zonse zomwe zingakhale khansa. Koma ndikofunikira kutsimikizira.
• Pali mankhwala ochiritsira, ndipo chiŵerengero cha machiritso n’chokwera.
• Simuli nokha. Kambiranani momasuka ndi madokotala anu za izi. Adzakupatsani chithandizo ndi chidziwitso chomwe mukufuna.

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Kusamalira thupi lanu ndiye chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino!