Zinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza nkhani yakuda ya ubongo (Substantia Nigra)!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe mayendedwe a thupi lanu, momwe mumayendera, momwe mumayendera manja ndi miyendo yanu, zimalamuliridwira? Zonsezi zimagwirizana ndi gawo laling'ono koma lofunika kwambiri la ubongo wathu. Gawo limenelo limatchedwa Substantia Nigra . Lero, tikambirana za gawo lodabwitsa ili.

Ndiye, nchiyani chimachitika ndi Substantia Nigra?

Mwachidule, gawo ili lotchedwa substantia nigra ndi gawo la dongosolo la 'Basal Ganglia' muubongo wanu. Kunena zoona, ichi ndi chomwe chimathandiza kulamulira mayendedwe anu ndi kamvekedwe ka minofu. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti substantia nigra imapanga mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri otchedwa dopamine . Dopamine iyi ili ngati mthenga muubongo mwathu. Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a substantia nigra iyi. Ntchito ya chilichonse mwa izi ndi yosiyana pang'ono.

1. SN pars reticulata

Gawoli limagwira ntchito makamaka polamulira mayendedwe a maso anu, komanso luso lanu lophunzira zinthu zatsopano ndi kuganiza. Maselo a muubongo m'derali ali ndi mankhwala otchedwa gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) . GABA imagwira ntchito pochepetsa ntchito yosafunikira ya maselo a muubongo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, imathandiza kuti ubongo usatumize zizindikiro zosafunikira ku minofu. Izi zili ngati apolisi apamsewu akuyimitsa magalimoto osafunikira.

2. SN pars compacta

Ma neuron, kapena maselo a mitsempha, m'gawoli ndi komwe mankhwala otchedwa dopamine omwe tawatchula kale ali ambiri. Chifukwa chake, gawoli limakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, monga momwe mukumvera, luso lanu lophunzira, momwe mumaweruzira zoopsa ndi mphotho, komanso zomwe mumalimbikitsa. Kuchepa kwa dopamine ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda monga matenda a Parkinson .

Ndiye, kodi Substantia Nigra ili kuti?

Gawo ili lotchedwa substantia nigra (SN) lili pakati pa ubongo wanu, lomwe limatchedwa midbrain . Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, lili pakati pa ubongo wanu. Kunena zoona, lili pamwamba pang'ono pa brainstem , pafupi ndi malo omwe mutu ndi khosi zimakumana ndipo msana umayambira. Ngakhale timatcha 'substantia nigra', kwenikweni pali magawo awiri a ubongo wanu. Ali mbali zonse ziwiri za midbrain. Gawo lililonse lili ndi magawo omwe atchulidwa kale otchedwa pars reticulata (SN pars reticulata) ndi pars compacta (SN pars compacta). Zikaphatikizidwa ziwirizi, zimatchedwa 'substantia nigra' (substantiae nigrae).

Kodi ichi chikuwoneka bwanji? Ndi mtundu wanji? Kodi ndi chachikulu?

Mukuona, dzina lakuti Substantia Nigra limachokera ku Chilatini. Limatanthauza 'chinthu chakuda' . Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti ngakhale ubongo wanu wonse nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi imvi yopepuka, gawo ili lotchedwa Substantia Nigra ndi lakuda kwambiri. Kunena zoona, limawoneka ngati mzere wakuda wozunguliridwa ndi minofu yowala. Chifukwa cha izi ndichakuti maselo a ubongo m'derali ali ndi mankhwala otchedwa Melanin . Kodi mukudziwa, Melanin imapezekanso m'maselo athu akhungu. Khungu lathu likawotchedwa ndi dzuwa, limakhala lofiirira (lofiirira) chifukwa cha Melanin iyi. Ngati mufunsa kukula kwake, kwenikweni ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri. Tangoganizirani, mutha kuyika pafupifupi 25 mwa ma substantia nigra awa mkati mwa mpira wamba wa gofu! Ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Chinanso, ngakhale ndi gawo la basal ganglia, substantia nigra (SN) si ganglion. Ndi nucleus , yomwe ndi kapangidwe ka mitsempha komwe kali ndi gulu la maselo omwe amachita chinthu chomwecho, kapena omwe ali ndi maulumikizidwe ofanana.

Kodi Substantia Nigra imapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Magulu anu a basal ganglia, kuphatikizapo substantia nigra, amapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo. Tiyeni tikambirane za iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

• Ma neuron : Awa ndi maselo mu ubongo wanu ndi dongosolo lanu la mitsempha . Ndi omwe amatumiza ndi kutumiza zizindikiro. Amatha kutumiza zizindikiro pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena zamagetsi.
• Maselo a Glial: Awa ali ngati maselo othandizira a dongosolo la mitsempha. Ngakhale kuti satumiza zizindikiro za mitsempha mwachindunji, amathandiza ma neuron kugwira ntchito imeneyo.

Pang'ono ponena za ma neuron

Ma neuron ndi mtundu wa selo lomwe limatumiza ndi kulandira mauthenga kudzera mu dongosolo lanu la mitsempha pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi mankhwala. Neuron ili ndi zigawo izi:

• Thupi la selo: Ili ndiye gawo lalikulu la selo.
• Axon: Iyi ndi gawo lalitali, longa mkono lomwe limachokera ku thupi la selo. Kumapeto ena a axon kuli zigawo zingapo zazitali, zonga zala. Apa ndi pomwe chizindikiro chamagetsi chochokera ku neuron chimasandulika chizindikiro cha mankhwala. Zigawo zofanana ndi zala izi zimatchedwanso ma synapses . Apa ndi pomwe neuron imalumikizana ndi maselo ena amitsempha apafupi.
• Ma Dendrite: Awa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofanana ndi nthambi pa thupi la selo (dzinali limachokera ku liwu la Chilatini lotanthauza 'ngati mtengo'). Ma Dendrite amalandira zizindikiro za mankhwala kuchokera ku ma synapses pa ma neuron ena.
• Myelin (Myelin : Iyi ndi gawo lopyapyala komanso lamafuta lomwe limazungulira axon ya neuron. Limagwira ntchito ngati chophimba choteteza.

Kulumikizana kwa mitsempha ndi kovuta kwambiri. Ma dendrite omwe ali mu neuron imodzi amatha kulumikizana ndi ma synapses ena ambirimbiri. Ma neuron ena ndi aatali, ena ndi afupiafupi. Izi zimatengera komwe ali m'thupi komanso ntchito yomwe amagwira.

Kodi maselo a glial ndi chiyani?

Maselo a Glial amachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Amathandiza ma neuron kukula ndikukula muli aang'ono, ndipo amathandiza kuyang'anira momwe ma neuron amagwirira ntchito moyo wanu wonse. Amatetezanso dongosolo lanu la mitsempha ku matenda, amawongolera bwino momwe mitsempha yanu imagwirira ntchito, komanso amapanga sheath ya myelin kuzungulira ma axon anu. Kodi mukudziwa? Pali maselo a glial ochulukirapo kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa ma neuron mu dongosolo lanu la mitsempha!

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza Substantia Nigra?

Pali matenda ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze Substantia Nigra. Zina mwa izo ndi izi:

• Matenda a Alzheimer
• Zotupa za muubongo
• Kuvulala mutu, makamaka kuvulala koopsa muubongo monga kupweteka kwa mutu
• Kukumana ndi zinthu zoopsa kapena poizoni monga Trichloroethylene (TCE)
• Matenda (makamaka matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa ubongo, monga encephalitis )
• Matenda otupa kapena odziteteza okha , monga lupus
• Matenda obadwa nawo monga matenda a Huntington
• Matenda a maganizo a Lewy
• Kufooka kwa machitidwe ambiri
• Matenda a Parkinson - Uwu ndi matenda omwe amakambidwa kwambiri okhudzana ndi Substantia Nigra, chifukwa mu matendawa, maselo omwe amapanga dopamine amawonongeka.
• Matenda a supranuclear omwe akupita patsogolo
• Stroke
• Matenda a Wilson

Kodi zizindikiro zofala za matenda okhudzana ndi Substantia Nigra ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matenda omwe amakhudza dongosolo la basal ganglia, kapena substantia nigra, zimadalira kwambiri mtundu wa matenda. Komabe, pali zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino:

• Mavuto olinganiza bwino komanso ogwirizana
• Kufooka kwa minofu ndi kupweteka kwa minofu
• Kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka
• Mavuto ndi kuganizira, kuganiza kapena kuthetsa mavuto
• Kuvuta kulamulira kayendedwe ka maso, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto a maso

Ndi mayeso otani omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe matenda otere?

Pali mayeso angapo omwe angathandize kuzindikira matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo wanu, kapena substantia nigra. Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Izi zimatha kuzindikira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira mavuto a chitetezo chamthupi mpaka ngati poizoni ndi poizoni, makamaka zitsulo monga mkuwa, mercury, ndi lead, zalowa m'thupi.
• Kujambula kwa computerized tomography (CT)
• Zotheka zomwe zayambitsidwa (mayeso a zomverera)
• Kuyesa majini
• Kujambula zithunzi za maginito (MRI)
• Kujambula kwa positron emission tomography (PET)
• Kujambula kwa SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography)

Kodi mankhwala otani a matenda okhudzana ndi Substantia Nigra ndi ati?

Popeza pali matenda ambiri omwe angakhudze substantia nigra, mankhwala omwe alipo ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri. Mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe mumalandira umadalira kwathunthu matenda omwe muli nawo. Nthawi zina matendawa amatha kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala . Matenda ena angafunike opaleshoni . Ngakhale matenda ena amatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, ena sangayankhe chithandizo. Ngati vuto silingathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kuwongolera zizindikiro .

Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti nditeteze Substantia Nigra yanga?

Matenda ambiri omwe amakhudza ubongo wanu, kapena substantia nigra, amatha kupewedwa kapena kuchedwa. Komabe, matenda a ParkinsonMatenda ena, monga khansa, ndi ovuta kuwaletsa chifukwa amapezeka mwadzidzidzi. Komabe, nazi zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe mungachite:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Chakudya chimene mumadya chimakhudza thanzi la kayendedwe ka magazi m'thupi lanu komanso kulemera kwanu. Zonsezi zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi thanzi la ubongo wanu.
• Khalani ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse ndipo pitirizani kulemera bwino. Kulemera kwanu ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita zanu zingathandize kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo, makamaka kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena sitiroko.
• Valani zida zodzitetezera ngati pakufunika kutero. Kuvulala mutu, makamaka kugwedezeka kwa mutu ndi kuvulala kwina kwa ubongo, kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Kuwonongekako nthawi zina kungakhale kosatha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuvala zida zodzitetezera kuti mupewe kuvulala kwa ubongo, kuntchito komanso panthawi yopuma.
• Sinthani matenda anu osatha. Matenda ambiri omwe amakhudza ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje amakula pakapita nthawi. Kuchiza matenda osathawa moyenera kungachedwetse kupita patsogolo kwawo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya zizindikiro.

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Monga mukuonera, substantia nigra ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la ubongo wathu, koma limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale akatswiri akuphunzirabe zambiri za ilo, tikudziwa kale zambiri. Ndi gawo lalikulu la machitidwe amagetsi ndi mankhwala muubongo wathu. Limathandizanso kuwongolera mayendedwe athu, masomphenya athu, ndi zinthu zina zambiri.

Kumbukirani kuti thanzi la ubongo wanu ndi lofunika kwambiri pa thanzi lanu lonse. Choncho, musaiwale kusamalira ubongo wanu ndikutsatira moyo wathanzi.

Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo komanso kafukufuku wazachipatala akupita patsogolo, tiphunzira zambiri za momwe Substantia Nigra imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe tingachiritsire matenda omwe amakhudza. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi chiyembekezo!

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Substantia Nigra, Ubongo, Dopamine, Matenda a Parkinson, Kuyenda, Dongosolo Lamitsempha