Moni! Muli bwanji? Lero tikambirana za asilikali ofunikira kwambiri komanso achilendo mkati mwa matupi athu. Monga asilikali omwe amateteza dziko lathu, maselo amenewa amatitetezanso ku matenda omwe amalowa m'thupi mwathu, makamaka kwa adani monga mavairasi. Timatcha
maselo ang'onoang'ono a T omwe ndi achitetezo. Ena amawatchanso kuti 'maselo a T opha anthu'. Musachite mantha, ngakhale dzina limenelo, ndi mabwenzi athu apamtima!
Kodi maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni ndi ati?
Mwachidule, `(ma cell a Cytotoxic T)` awa ndi
mtundu wapadera wa maselo mu chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Ali ngati gulu lapadera la apolisi. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikupeza ndikuwononga maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka pamene zinthu monga mavairasi alowa m'maselo a thupi lathu. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu ena amawatcha
`Ma cell a Killer T' . Ngakhale dzinalo ndi lovuta pang'ono, amathandiza kwambiri. Tangoganizirani, tili ndi gland kakang'ono kotchedwa
`(Thymus)` kutsogolo kwa chifuwa. Apa ndi pomwe mitundu itatu iyi ya maselo a T imapangidwira kwambiri.
- Maselo a T othandizira: Awa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti maselo ena a chitetezo chamthupi ayambe kugwira ntchito ndipo amawauza kuti, "Pali ndewu pano, yambirani ntchito."
- Maselo a T olamulira : Ntchito yawo ndi kulamulira maselo ena oteteza thupi pakafunika kutero. Zili ngati kunena kuti, "Chabwino, zakwana, siyani" nkhondo ikatha.
- Munthu wathu wamkulu, maselo a Cytotoxic T: Awa ndi omwe amapita kunkhondo molunjika ndikuwononga maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Kodi maselo amenewa ndi a chitetezo chathu chamthupi?
Ayi, simunganene zimenezo. `(Ma cell a Cytotoxic T)` awa ndi a zomwe zimatchedwa
'cell-mediated immunity' . Ndi gawo la
'adaptive immunity' . Tsopano mukufunsa kuti, 'Kodi innate immunity iyi ndi adaptive immunity iyi ndi chiyani?' Taganizirani izi motere:
- Chitetezo chamthupi ndi chitetezo chomwe chimapezeka m'thupi lathu pobadwa. Chili ngati makoma a linga, poyankha mdani aliyense mwanjira yomweyo, popanda kusankha kwapadera.
- Chitetezo chosinthika ndi chitetezo chomwe timapeza pang'onopang'ono tikakumana ndi matenda kapena zinthu zina zakunja. Izi ndi zenizeni kwambiri. Zili ngati gulu lankhondo lophunzitsidwa bwino. Ngati akumana ndi mdani amene adamudziwa kale, amamukumbukira ndikumuukira mwamphamvu nthawi ina akabwera. Umu ndi momwe `(ma cell a Cytotoxic T)` amagwirira ntchito.
Ndiye kusiyana kotani pakati pa maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni ndi maselo achilengedwe opha?
Zonsezi ndi chitetezo cha thupi lathu, koma pali kusiyana pang'ono pa momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Taganizirani izi ngati, `(maselo a T a Cytotoxic)` ali ngati ma commando omwe amagwira ntchito pokhapokha akalandira chidziwitso chapadera cha luntha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amaukira zinthu monga mavairasi, china chake
Pambuyo poyambitsidwa ndi 'antigen'. Koma 'Natural Killer cells' ndi zosiyana pang'ono. Safunikira kuyambitsa kwapadera kuti aukire maselo owopsa. Amangoyamba kugwira ntchito akangoona kuti 'pali vuto'. Mwachidule:- Maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni ndi gawo la chitetezo chamthupi chomwe timakambirana kale.
- "Maselo Opha Zachilengedwe" ndi gawo la 'mayankho a chitetezo chamthupi'" .
Tsopano kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa n’koonekeratu, sichoncho? Kodi maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Iyi ndi njira yodabwitsa kwambiri. Taganizirani izi, `(selo la T loopsa)` lililonse lili ndi chinthu chapadera chotchedwa `(CD8 receptor)` pamwamba pake. Chili ngati chida chapadera chomwe wofufuza ali nacho. `(CD8 receptor)` iyi imalumikizana ndi `(mamolekyu a MHC Class I)` pamwamba pa maselo a thupi lathu. `(mamolekyu a MHC Class I)` awa ali ngati mbendera yomwe imawonetsa pamene selo lathanzi lagwidwa ndi kachilomboka. Chifukwa chake, `(CD8 receptor)` imeneyo ikazindikira selo logwidwa ndi kachilomboka, `(maselo a T owopsa a Cytotoxic)` athu amagwidwa. Kenako ntchito yeniyeni imachitika. `(maselo a T owopsa a Cytotoxic)` awa amapanga mamolekyu apadera, omwe adapangidwa kuti awononge kachilomboka. Monga chida chomwe chimagunda chandamale, chimapita molunjika ku selo logwidwa ndi kachilomboka ndikuliwononga. Izi zimachepetsa mwayi woti kachilomboka kafalikire m'thupi lonse. Kodi sizodabwitsa zomwe maselo ang'onoang'ono awa amachita? Kodi maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni ndi maselo a T othandizira amagwira ntchito limodzi bwanji?
Awiriwa ali ngati mabwenzi apamtima pagulu limodzi. Maselo othandizira a T amathandiza maselo ena m'thupi. Akazindikira kuti pali matenda, amatulutsa mankhwala otchedwa cytokines . Ma cytokines awa ali ngati mauthenga adzidzidzi omwe amauza maselo ena a chitetezo chamthupi kuti, "Pali vuto, bwerani mwachangu." Ma cytokines awa ndi omwe amachititsa maselo athu a cytotoxic T kuti agwire ntchito ndikuwathandiza kulimbana ndi matendawa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, maselo othandizira a T amauza maselo a cytotoxic a T kuti, "Chabwino, tsopano ndi nthawi yanu, pitani mukachite ntchito yanu." Kugwirizana kumeneku ndi komwe kumapangitsa chitetezo chathu chamthupi kukhala chogwira ntchito kwambiri. Kodi maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni m'thupi lathu ali kuti?
Maselo a T amayamba kukula mu 'mafupa' athu . Kenako, kuti apitirire kukula, ndiko kuti, 'maphunziro', amapita ku gland ya '(Thymus)' yomwe tidakambirana kale. Zili ngati kupita kusukulu yophunzitsira. Ndi mu '(Thymus)' iyi momwe maselo a T amakula bwino ndipo amakhala okonzeka kugwira ntchito. Kenako, '(Thymus)' imazungulira maselo awa m'thupi lonse. 'Maselo athu a lymphatic'Pali maselo ambiri a T m'thupi lonse. Maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni m'thupi amakhala ochulukirapo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amapezeka ambiri m'malo otsatirawa:- Mafupa
- Matumbo
- Mapapu
- Ma lymph nodes
- Nkhumba
- Ma Tonsils
Awa ndi malo omwe amakhala maso, okonzeka kupita kunkhondo nthawi iliyonse. Kodi pali matenda aliwonse omwe amakhudza maselo a T omwe ali ndi poizoni?
Inde, mwatsoka, pali matenda omwe angakhudze maselo athu a chitetezo champhamvu awa. 'Matenda ena a autoimmune' amakhudza ntchito ya maselo a T. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zina chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimayamba kuukira maselo athu. Ndi vuto lomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pali matenda ena angapo omwe amakhudza maselo a T:- Acute lymphocytic leukemia : Iyi ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'magazi ndi m'mafupa.
- Matenda a khansa ya Hodgkin kwa Akuluakulu: Mu khansa yamtunduwu, maselo a khansa amayambira mu dongosolo la lymphatic.
- Kachilombo ka HIV : Kachilomboka kamene kamayambitsa maselo oyera a magazi. Ngati sikachiritsidwa, kangayambitse matenda otchedwa `(AIDS) .`
- Matenda a Ntchito: Ichi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri a chitetezo chamthupi omwe amayambitsa matenda pafupipafupi.
- Thymic aplasia: Mu mkhalidwe uwu, munthu amabadwa ndi thymus gland yolakwika, yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa maselo a T.
Muzochitika izi, maselo athu a T sangathe kugwira ntchito yawo bwino, ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chikhale chathanzi.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chikhale chathanzi?
Ndipotu, kusintha pang'ono m'moyo wathu kungathandize kwambiri kuti chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chikhale cholimba. Taganizirani izi ngati kupereka mphamvu zabwino komanso malo abwino kwa asilikali athu achitetezo. Nazi zinthu zosavuta zomwe mungachite:- Pewani kumwa mowa, kapena kuchepetsa mowa momwe mungathere. Kumwa mowa wambiri kumafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi zokhala ndi zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, nyemba, tirigu wonse, mapuloteni opanda mafuta ambiri (monga nsomba, nkhuku), ndi mafuta athanzi (monga avocado, mtedza). Izi ndi zomwe zimapatsa thanzi matupi athu ndi maselo a chitetezo chamthupi.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse . Phatikizanipo masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amalimbitsa thupi lanu, kuwonjezera kusinthasintha, komanso kuwonjezera kugunda kwa mtima wanu (aerobic). Kuyenda kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 patsiku ndi chiyambi chabwino.
- Mugone bwino kwa maola osachepera asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu usiku uliwonse. Kugona ndi mpumulo wa thupi ndi maganizo, ndipo kumathandizanso chitetezo cha mthupi kudzikonza chokha.
- Ngati mukusuta fodya , siyani. Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kungawononge kwambiri chitetezo chanu cha mthupi. Ngati mukufuna thandizo kuti musiye kusuta, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.
- Sambani m'manja nthawi zonse ndi sopo ndi madzi kuti mudziteteze ku majeremusi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri musanadye, mutapita kuchimbudzi, komanso mutatuluka panja.
Ngati muwonjezera zinthu zazing'onozi pa moyo wanu, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chidzapeza mphamvu zambiri kuti chikutetezeni ku matenda. Ndiye, ndi zinthu ziti zofunika kwambiri zomwe taphunzira lero? (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)
Mwina tsopano mukumvetsa kuti `(ma cell a Cytotoxic T)` omwe tidalankhula lero ndi mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wa maselo mu chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu ya maselo omwe amapangidwa mu gland yathu ya `(Thymus)`. Mwachidule, nazi zinthu zina zoti muzikumbukira:- Maselo a T owopsa ndi akatswiri omwe amalimbana ndi matenda, makamaka matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi.
- Iwo, pamodzi ndi "maselo a T othandizira", amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa "chitetezo chathu chosinthika" .
- Matenda ena a autoimmune ndi matenda ena amatha kukhudza maselo athu a T.
- Mwa kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, titha kusunga chitetezo chathu chamthupi chili cholimba ndikuthandiza maselo a T ofunika awa.
Kotero, tsopano mukudziwa zambiri za zoteteza zazing'onozi, koma zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwa inu mkati mwa thupi lanu. Ndi udindo wanu kuzisamalira bwino!
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