Kodi DSM-5 ndi chiyani? Kodi bukuli lingakuthandizeni bwanji kuphunzira za thanzi lanu la maganizo! (DSM-5)

Mwina mwamvapo za mawu awa akuti ``(DSM-5)``. Mwina kuchokera kwa dokotala, kapena kwinakwake komwe kumalankhula za thanzi la maganizo . Chifukwa chake, ngakhale izi zingawoneke zovuta pang'ono kwa anthu ambiri, tiyeni tikambirane za izi m'njira yosavuta komanso yochezeka lero. Monga momwe mungalankhulire ndi mnzanu, chabwino?

Kodi bukuli ndi chiyani kwenikweni, DSM-5?

Mwachidule, DSM-5 ndi chitsogozo chokwanira cha mavuto amisala , kuphatikizapo matenda amisala ndi mikhalidwe. Yalembedwa, kusinthidwa, ndi kufalitsidwa ndi American Psychiatric Association (APA).

Mwina mukudabwa chifukwa chake pali "5" m'dzinalo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti iyi ndi kope lachisanu la bukuli ndipo ndi laposachedwa kwambiri. DSM-5 idatulutsidwa koyamba mu Meyi 2013. Kenako, mu Marichi 2022, APA idatulutsa kope losinthidwa komanso losinthidwa la DSM-5. Limatchedwa DSM-5-TR™. TR imayimira Text Revision, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "kusinthidwa kwa malemba" kwapangidwa.

Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kukumbukira: `(DSM-5)` ​​​​ndi `(DSM-5-TR)` ndi mabuku opangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu odziwa bwino ntchito, monga madokotala ndi madokotala amisala. Nkhani zomwe zili m'mabuku awa ndi zaukadaulo kwambiri. Zingakhale zovuta kuti munthu wamba amvetse ngati akuwerenga. Chifukwa chake, musawerenge bukuli ndikuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda kapena kuti simungathe kuwona dokotala. Ili lili ngati buku lomwe limakuphunzitsani momwe mungayendetsere ndege. Tingakonde kuliwerenga, koma kungowerenga buku limenelo sikutipangitsa kukhala woyendetsa ndege, eti?

Kuwonjezera pa DSM-5-TR, APA imafalitsanso mabuku ena omwe amafotokoza zambiri zake. Zitsanzo zake ndi monga DSM-5 Handbook of Differential Diagnosis (buku lomwe limathandiza kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda ofanana kutengera zizindikiro) ndi DSM-5 Clinical Cases (buku lomwe limaphatikizapo maphunziro a odwala osiyanasiyana).

Kodi cholinga chenicheni cha buku la DSM-5 ndi chiyani?

Ganizirani izi, musanachiritse matenda aliwonse, choyamba ndikudziwa bwino lomwe kuti matendawa ndi otani. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri m'matenda akuthupi komanso amisala. Apa ndi pomwe buku lakuti ``(DSM-5)`` limakhala lothandiza.

Bukuli limapereka matanthauzidwe omveka bwino komanso atsatanetsatane a matenda osiyanasiyana amisala ndi matenda okhudzana ndi ubongo. Limafotokozanso zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za matenda amenewo ndi zitsanzo.

Kuwonjezera pa kufotokoza matendawa, DSM-5 imagawanso matenda amenewa m'magulu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti madokotala ndi akatswiri azaumoyo wamaganizo azitha kuzindikira matendawa molondola ndikusiyanitsa ndi matenda ena omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana .

Kodi DSM-5 inapangidwa bwanji? Ndani anakhudzidwa nayo?

Pofuna kupanga DSM-5, APA inasonkhanitsa madokotala amisala oposa 160, akatswiri a zamaganizo, ndi akatswiri ena ochokera padziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri ena mazana ambiri anathandiza monga alangizi pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Kupanga DSM-5 kunaphatikizaponso kuyesa kwambiri ndi kufufuza.

Pofuna kupanga DSM-5-TR, APA idagwiritsanso ntchito anthu ambiri omwe adagwira nawo ntchito yoyambirira ya DSM-5. Ponseponse , akatswiri opitilira 200 adathandizira mwachindunji ku DSM-5-TR.

Kodi DSM-5 ndi chiyani?

Buku la DSM-5 limayang'ana kwambiri za matenda amisala . Komabe, chifukwa thanzi la maganizo ndi ntchito ya ubongo si zinthu ziwiri zosiyana, bukuli limakhudzanso matenda ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito. Lilinso ndi ma code ozindikira matenda . Ma code awa amapangitsa kuti ogwira ntchito zachipatala azisavuta kuyerekeza matenda awa ndi International Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) .

Buku lakuti ``(DSM-5)`` lili ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu:

Gawo Loyamba: Zoyambira za DSM-5

Gawoli likufotokoza momwe akatswiri azachipatala ayenera kugwiritsira ntchito bukuli pantchito yawo. Limaperekanso malangizo a momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito DSM-5 pothana ndi nkhani zamalamulo, monga nkhani za thanzi la maganizo, ndi milandu ya kukhothi.

Gawo Lachiwiri: Zofunikira Zodziwira Matenda ndi Ma Code

Ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri m'bukuli. Mutu uliwonse m'gawoli ukukamba za gulu la matenda. Mikhalidwe yeniyeni mkati mwa gululo yafotokozedwa bwino komanso yafotokozedwa bwino. Tiyeni tiwone magulu ena a matenda m'gawoli ndi matenda omwe ali m'gululi:

• Matenda a ubongo : Awa ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kukula kwa ubongo ndi dongosolo la mitsempha . Zitsanzo:
• `( Matenda a Autism Spectrum)` (Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya autism )
• Matenda a Kusowa Chisamaliro/Kuthamanga Kwambiri ( ADHD )
• Zovuta kuphunzira (monga, Dyslexia - mavuto owerenga, Dyscalculia - mavuto a masamu)

Matenda a Schizophrenia ndi Matenda Ena a Maganizo:Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimachititsa kuti kulumikizana ndi zenizeni kusweke, anthu amaona zinthu ngati zilombo, ndipo anthu amaona zinthu molakwika . Zitsanzo: Schizophrenia-maganizo `(Schizophrenia)` Matenda a Schizoaffective
• Matenda Osokoneza Maganizo

• Matenda a Bipolar ndi Matenda Ena Ofanana Nawo: Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimasinthasintha maganizo kwambiri pakati pa zinthu zoopsa (kuchuluka kwa chisangalalo/chisangalalo ndi kuchepa kwa chisoni/kuvutika maganizo). Zitsanzo:
• (Matenda a Bipolar I ndi Bipolar II)`
• Matenda a Cyclothymic

• Matenda Ovutika Maganizo: Matenda omwe amadziwika ndi chisoni cha nthawi yayitali komanso kutaya chidwi. Zitsanzo:
• Matenda Ovutika Maganizo Akuluakulu
• Matenda Osalekeza Okhudza Kukhumudwa (omwe kale ankadziwika kuti Dysthymia)

• Matenda Oda Nkhawa: Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mantha, nkhawa, komanso kusakhazikika. Zitsanzo:
• Matenda Odetsa Nkhawa Ofala
• Matenda a Nkhawa Pagulu (Kuopa zochitika pagulu)
• Matenda Ovutika ndi Nkhawa Opatukana
• Matenda a Mantha (Matenda a Mantha)
• Mantha osiyanasiyana (monga kuopa kutalika, kuopa nyama)

• Matenda Odziletsa Kwambiri ndi Omwe Amakhudzana Ndi Zinthu Zina: Mavuto okhudzana ndi maganizo ovutitsa, obwerezabwereza (kuganizira mopitirira muyeso) ndi zochita zowaletsa (kukakamiza). Zitsanzo:
• Matenda Odzikuza ndi Okakamiza (OCD)
• Matenda Obisala
• Matenda a Thupi Osasinthasintha
• Matenda Osoka Khungu ndi Matenda Okoka Tsitsi

• Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kuvulala ndi Kupsinjika Maganizo: Mavuto amisala omwe amayamba munthu akakumana ndi vuto loopsa. Zitsanzo:
• Matenda Ovutika Maganizo Pambuyo pa Zoopsa (PTSD)
• Matenda Ovuta Kwambiri Okhudza Kupsinjika Maganizo
• Matenda Osintha

• Matenda Odzipatula: Mikhalidwe yomwe munthu amasokonezeka ndi kudziona ngati iyemwini, zokumbukira zake, kapena malo ake. Zitsanzo:
• Matenda a Dissociative Identity (omwe kale ankadziwika kuti Multiple Personality Disorder)
• Kusokonezeka kwa Maganizo
• Matenda Osaganizira Munthu/Kusazindikira Munthu

• Zizindikiro za thupi ndi matenda ena ofanana nawo: Mikhalidwe yomwe zizindikiro zakuthupi zimayamba chifukwa cha kupsinjika maganizo, popanda chifukwa chodziwikiratu chakuthupi. Zitsanzo:
• Matenda a Somatic Symptom
• Matenda Ovutika ndi Nkhawa (kuopa kudwala nthawi zonse)
• Matenda a Zizindikiro za Mitsempha Yogwira Ntchito (yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti Matenda Osintha)

• Matenda Odya ndi Kudya: Makhalidwe ndi malingaliro osayenera okhudzana ndi kudya. Zitsanzo:
• Anorexia Nervosa (kuyesera kuchepetsa thupi popanda kudya)
• Bulimia Nervosa (kudya kwambiri kenako nkuchotsa m'thupi kudzera mu kusanza kapena njira zina)
• Matenda Odya Mopitirira Muyeso
• Pica (chilakolako chodya zinthu zomwe sizidyedwa - mwachitsanzo, dothi, ndodo zoko)

• Matenda Ochotsa Matenda: Mwachitsanzo, `(Enuresis)` (izi zikuphatikizaponso zinthu monga kukodza pabedi).

• Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugona ndi Kudzuka: Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugona. Zitsanzo:
• Matenda a Kusowa tulo
• Kugona tulo mwadzidzidzi ( narcolepsy )
• Matenda a Apnea Ogona
• Matenda Oopsa
• Matenda a Miyendo Yosakhazikika

• Mavuto Ogonana

• Mavuto Osokoneza, Kulamulira Maganizo ndi Makhalidwe: Makhalidwe omwe amasokoneza ena, osalamulira maganizo, komanso osatsatira malamulo. Zitsanzo:
• Matenda Otsutsa Otsutsa
• Matenda Osagwirizana ndi Anthu
• Kleptomania (chilakolako chosalamulirika chofuna kuba)
• Pyromania (chilakolako choyatsa moto)

• Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Kumwa Mowa Mopitirira Muyeso: Mavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa. Zitsanzo:
• Kusokonezeka kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mowa
• Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Popuma
• Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Opioid
• Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kusiya

• Matenda a ubongo: Matenda omwe amakhudza zinthu monga kukumbukira ndi kuganiza chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa ntchito ya ubongo. Zitsanzo:
• Kusokonezeka maganizo mwadzidzidzi (delirium)
• Matenda a Alzheimer
• Matenda a Parkinson
• Matenda a Huntington
• Kuvulala kwa Ubongo Koopsa

• Matenda a Umunthu:Maganizidwe, momwe munthu akumvera, ndi machitidwe ake kwa nthawi yayitali zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwirizana ndi ena. Zitsanzo:
• Matenda a Borderline Personality (BPD)
• Matenda a Umunthu Wodzikonda

• Matenda a Khalidwe Logonana

• Matenda Ena a Maganizo ndi Ma Code Owonjezera: Matenda omwe sakugwirizana bwino ndi njira zina zodziwira matenda, koma amakhudza kwambiri moyo wa munthu.

• Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kuyenda Mogwirizana ndi Mankhwala ndi Zotsatira Zina Zoipa za Mankhwala: Zitsanzo:
• Kusokonezeka kwa Tardive
• Matenda a Malignant a Neuroleptic

• Matenda Ena Omwe Angakhale Ofunika Kwambiri Kuganizira: Awa si matenda okha, koma zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kapena zimachitika pamodzi ndi matenda omwe angadziwike. Mwachitsanzo, kudzivulaza, malingaliro/khalidwe lodzipha, mbiri ya nkhanza zilizonse, kapena kusowa ntchito.

Gawo Lachitatu: Miyezo ndi Zitsanzo Zowonekera

Gawoli likukambirana zida zenizeni zowunikira zomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito pozindikira matenda enaake. Likukambirananso momwe kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe kungakhudzire matenda, ndi matenda omwe angaphatikizidwe mu kope la mtsogolo la DSM koma amafunika kuphunziridwa kwina asanaphatikizidwe.

Kodi kope lotsatira la DSM lidzatuluka liti?

APA situlutsa makope atsopano a DSM pa nthawi yake. M'malo mwake, DSM imasinthidwa momwe ikufunira. Kope lachisanu lisanatuluke (lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito manambala achiroma), makope a DSM adatulutsidwa m'zaka zotsatirazi:

• DSM-I®: 1952
• DSM-II®: 1968
• DSM-III®: 1980 (Mtundu wosinthidwa, DSM-III-R®, unatulutsidwa mu 1987)
• DSM-IV®: 1994 (Mtundu wosinthidwa wa nkhaniyi, DSM-IV-TR®, unatulutsidwa mu 2000)
• DSM-5®: 2013 (Lemba ili ndi losinthidwa, DSM-5-TR, lotulutsidwa mu 2022)

Kodi tingathenso kupeza buku la DSM-5? Kodi tingalipeze kuti?

Inde. DSM-5 ikupezeka kuti mugule m'masitolo ambiri ogulitsa mabuku komanso pa intaneti. Malaibulale ambiri a anthu onse angakhalenso ndi bukuli (ngakhale kuti laibulale yanu yapafupi singakuloleni kupita nalo kunyumba, koma kungoliona ku laibulale).

Ngakhale kuti DSM-5 ndi DSM-5-TR zimapezeka kwa anthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti bukuli lalembedwa kwa akatswiri azachipatala. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zili m'bukuli ndi zaukadaulo kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zingakhale zovuta kwa munthu wamba kumvetsetsa bukuli.

InuMusagwiritse ntchito `(DSM-5)` ​​​​kapena `(DSM-5-TR)` kapena buku lililonse m'malo mwa dokotala kapena mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo . Izi zili ngati kudzipangira opaleshoni nokha. Si bwino kuchita zimenezo, eti? Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kupempha chithandizo kwa mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo wophunzitsidwa bwino komanso wodziwa bwino ntchito.

Kodi DSM-5 ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito? Kodi mtundu waposachedwa ndi uti?

Inde, ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito. Koma tsopano pali mitundu iwiri ya bukuli. APA idatulutsa DSM-5 mu 2013. Mu 2022, APA idatulutsa mtundu wosinthidwa wotchedwa DSM-5-TR. Mtundu watsopanowu umaphatikizapo kwathunthu kusintha konse kwatsopano ndi zosintha zomwe zachitika m'munda wa thanzi la maganizo kuyambira 2013. Chifukwa chake, DSM-5-TR pakadali pano ndiye mtundu woyenera kwambiri, waposachedwa, komanso wolondola.

Pakati pa ogwira ntchito zachipatala, makamaka madokotala amisala ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo, DSM-5-TR ndiye chida chofunikira kwambiri pozindikira matenda amisala ndi matenda a ubongo. Ngakhale kuti idasindikizidwa ndi bungwe lina la ku America, DSM-5 ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri kwa asing'anga padziko lonse lapansi. Yamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo zoposa 18.

Kotero, chinthu chomaliza choyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, nazi zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana:

• Buku la DSM-5 ndi buku lake laposachedwa losinthidwa, DSM-5-TR, ndi mabuku ofunikira kwa akatswiri azaumoyo wamaganizo.
• Ngakhale kuti mabukuwa angagulidwe kapena kupezeka m'malaibulale, amalembedwa madokotala ndi akatswiri, kotero chilankhulo chawo ndi chaukadaulo kwambiri.
• Munthu wamba angasangalale kuwerenga bukuli, koma osagwiritsa ntchito bukuli kuti adzipezere matenda.
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti inuyo kapena wokondedwa wanu angakhale ndi vuto la thanzi la maganizo monga momwe tafotokozera mu (DSM-5), onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala kapena mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo .

Monga momwe simungapite kwa dokotala popanda kuchitidwa opaleshoni nokha, nthawi zonse ndi bwino kupempha thandizo kwa katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito pankhani ya matenda amisala. Mwamva?

DSM -5, thanzi la maganizo, matenda, matenda amisala, APA, DSM-5-TR, matenda amisala