Tiyeni tiphunzire za maselo a B m'njira yosavuta? Zoteteza thupi lanu pang'ono!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo ngati pali nkhondo yosaoneka yomwe ikuchitika mkati mwa matupi athu nthawi zonse? Inde, ndi zoona. Alonda ang'onoang'ono omwe ali mkati mwa matupi athu amalimbana ndi majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda ochokera kunja. Gulu lofunika kwambiri pakati pa alonda amenewo ndi maselo a B awa. Lero tikambirana za maselo a B awa ndi momwe amatitetezera ku matenda.

Kodi maselo a B kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Maselo a B, monga tafotokozera kale, ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera m'magazi mwathu. Timawatchanso kuti `(B lymphocytes)`. Maselo a B awa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo chamthupi chanu, chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chimakutetezani ku matenda. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikupanga mapuloteni apadera otchedwa `(antibodies)` kuti amenyane ndi `(majeremusi)` owopsa - zinthu monga mavairasi, mabakiteriya, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - zomwe zimalowa m'thupi.

Maselo a B ndi maselo a T ndi mitundu iwiri ya maselo omwe ali m'gulu la maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa lymphocytes. Ma lymphocytes amenewa amalimbana ndi olowa m'magazi ndi maselo osazolowereka monga maselo a khansa. Maselo a T amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikugwirizanitsa chitetezo cha mthupi potumiza zizindikiro ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Maselo a B, kumbali ina, amapanga ma antibodies poyankha ma antigen. Ma antigen ali ngati makadi a ID. Ma antibodies amenewa amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi lathu kuzindikira zinthu m'thupi lathu, makamaka zinthu zoopsa monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya maselo a B ndi iti?

Chabwino, tsopano mukudziwa kuti maselo a B ndi chiyani. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo a B. Ndi maselo a plasma ndi maselo okumbukira. Mitundu yonseyi imatithandiza kuteteza ku matenda. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingachitire.

Maselo a plasma

Maselo a plasma awa ndi omwe amatulutsa ma antibodies poyankha ma antigen omwe tawatchula kale. Taganizirani ngati kuwombera mdani akangowawona. Selo la B likasanduka selo la plasma, limatha kutulutsa ma antibodies pafupifupi 2,000 pa sekondi imodzi! Kodi sizodabwitsa? Maselo a plasma awa amatchedwanso ma plasmacyte ndi maselo ochititsa. Komabe, nthawi yawo ya moyo ndi yochepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi maselo okumbukira.

Maselo okumbukira

Dzinalo likusonyeza zimenezo, sichoncho? Maselo okumbukira awa amakumbukira ma antigen enaake. Kenako, ngati antigen imeneyo ibwerera m'thupi lathu mtsogolo, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chingathe kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, ngati kuti chikukonzekera, kuti chiteteze. Monga momwe tingayankhire mwachangu kwa mdani wodziwika. Maselo a plasma akamapanga ma antibodies ndikumenyana ndi owononga panthawiyo, maselo okumbukira amatithandiza kumenya nkhondo zamtsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, umu ndi momwe katemera amagwirira ntchito. Chomwe katemera amachita ndikulowetsa chitetezo chathu chamthupi ku antigen inayake. Kenako maselo athu okumbukira amakumbukira. Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tibwereranso pambuyo pake, thupi lathu limatha kuyambitsa kuukira kwake mwachangu.

N’chifukwa chiyani maselo a B ndi ofunikira kwa ife?

Maselo a B ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo chathu chamthupi chosinthika. Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chosinthika ndi chiyani. Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Chimodzi ndi chitetezo chamthupi chosinthika, ndipo china ndi chitetezo chamthupi chosinthika. Chitetezo chamthupi chosinthika chimakhala ngati mzere woyamba wa chitetezo, poyankha ku chiwopsezo chilichonse. Koma chitetezo chamthupi chosinthika chimakhala chapadera kwambiri. Chimazindikira chiwopsezo china - chomwe ndi kachilombo kena, mabakiteriya, ndi zina zotero - ndipo chimalimbana nacho.

Choncho, zomwe maselo a B amachita ndi kupanga ma antibodies omwe amawononga antigen imeneyo kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe talumikizana ndi antigen imeneyo. Komanso, maselo a B amatha kukumbukira ma antigen enaake. Kenako, ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tibwereranso m'thupi, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chingathe kuteteza kwambiri. Mwachidule, popanda maselo a B, thupi lathu silingathe kuzindikira adani enaake, kupanga zida zinazake (antibodies) kuti amenyane nawo, ndikukumbukira adani amenewo ndikuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ngati abwerera.

Kodi maselo a B amagwira ntchito bwanji mu chitetezo chamthupi?

Ngakhale kuti ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa mosavuta. Maselo a B, pamodzi ndi maselo ena m'thupi, amalimbana ndi owononga omwe amatidwalitsa, komanso maselo osazolowereka monga maselo a khansa. Selo la B likangoyamba kugwira ntchito, limakhala selo la plasma, lomwe limapanga ma antibodies poyankha antigen, kapena limakhala selo lokumbukira, lomwe limakumbukira antigen imeneyo. Mwanjira imeneyo, ngati libwereranso mtsogolo, limatha kuzindikira ndikulimbana nalo mwachangu.

Kawirikawiri, chitetezo cha mthupi chikafuna maselo a B kuti amenyane ndi kachilomboka, izi ndi zina mwa njira zomwe zimachitika:

• Choyamba, selo lapadera lotchedwa selo lopereka antigen (APC) limalumikizana ndi antigen ya wolowa m'malo mwake ndikuliphwanya m'zidutswa zazing'ono. Kenako APC imalumikiza zidutswa za antigen ku molekyulu yotchedwa Major Histocompatibility-II complex (MHC-II).
• Kenako, maselo othandiza T (omwenso ndi mtundu wa maselo a T) amabwera ndi kumangirira ku MHC-II complex imeneyo. Kulumikizana kumeneku ndiko komwe kumayambitsa maselo othandiza T. Maselo othandizira T awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri chifukwa ndi omwe amauza maselo a B kuti 'ayambe kugwira ntchito'.
• Selo ya T yogwira ntchito imalumikizana ndi selo ya B. Selo ya B imeneyo imayamba kupanga makope ake, kapena "ma clones." Ena mwa maselo a B amenewa amakhala maselo a plasma, omwe amatha kupanga ma antibodies. Maselo ena a B amakhala maselo okumbukira ndipo amasungidwa m'thupi.
• Masiku angapo otsatira, maselo a plasma amapanga ma antibodies mamiliyoni ambiri. Ma antibodies onsewa amapangidwa kuti awononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa ma antibodies amenewo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti antibody imodzi yokha ingathe kuukira mdani wamtundu umodzi wokha.
• Ma antibodies amenewa amalumikizana ndi antigen kapena gawo la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda lomwe lili ndi chizindikiro cha antigen. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikangolumikizidwa, sitingathenso kuvulaza thupi.

Taganizirani izi ngati ntchito ya apolisi. Choyamba, chizindikiro chimabwera (kuzindikira ma antibodies ndi APC). Kenako gulu lapadera (ma cell a T othandizira) limayamba kugwira ntchito, kudziwitsa gulu lina (ma cell a B). Gawo la gululo limayamba kumenyana nthawi yomweyo (ma cell a plasma), pomwe gawo lina likukonzekera zoopsa zamtsogolo (ma cell okumbukira).

Kodi maselo a B ali kuti?

Malo a maselo a B amasiyana malinga ndi gawo la kukula kwawo. Taganizirani izi, mukakhala mwana wosabadwa, ndiko kuti, m'mimba mwa amayi anu, maselo a B amapangidwa m'chiwindi. Koma titabadwa, maselo a B amakula mu minofu yofewa, yonga siponji mkati mwa mafupa athu. Ndicho chimene timatcha mafuta a m'mafupa. Amayamba ngati maselo oyambira a hematopoietic. Kenako, kudzera mu njira yotchedwa hematopoiesis, amakhala maselo a B. Akakhwima mokwanira, maselo anu a B amapita ku ziwalo zofunika kwambiri za dongosolo lanu la lymphatic. Mwachitsanzo, ndulu ndi ma lymph nodes.

Kodi ndi matenda otani omwe angachitike chifukwa cha maselo a B?

Ngati chinthu china chosazolowereka chikachitika ku maselo athu a B, chingayambitse matenda odziteteza ku matenda ena komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa. Tiyeni tiwone zimenezo.

Matenda a autoimmune

Nthawi zina, izi ndi zomwe zimachitika. Maselo athu a B amapanga ma antibodies poyankha ma antigen m'maselo athu athanzi. Kenako, ma antibodies amenewo amaukira maselo athu athanzi ngati kuti akuukira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda toopsa. Zili ngati kuukira banja lathu. Ndicho chimene timatcha matenda a autoimmune. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Lupus
• Matenda a sclerosis ambiri
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba

Khansa

Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa yomwe imakhudzana ndi kukula kosazolowereka kwa maselo a B. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo a B amayamba kuchulukana mosalamulirika. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:

• Khansa ya m'magazi yoopsa kwambiri
• Khansa ya m'magazi yosatha
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• B-cell lymphoma `(B-cell lymphoma)`
• Myeloma yambiri
• Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

Kodi maselo a B ali ndi mulingo wotani wabwinobwino?

Munthu wamkulu amakhala ndi ma lymphocyte pakati pa 1,000 ndi 4,800 pa microliter iliyonse ya magazi. Maselo a B amapanga pafupifupi 10% mpaka 20% ya ma lymphocyte onse.

Koma kumbukirani, ngati kuchuluka kwa maselo anu a B kumakhala kokwera kwambiri kapena kotsika kwambiri nthawi zonse, kungatanthauze kuti muli ndi vuto la matenda. Dokotala adzafunika kuchita mayeso kuti adziwe bwinobwino.

Kodi mayeso ofala kwambiri oyesa thanzi la maselo anga a B ndi ati?

Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte omwe muli nawo m'thupi mwanu pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso osavuta otchedwa Complete Blood Count (CBC). Komabe, sapereka chidziwitso chokhudza mitundu inayake ya ma lymphocyte, monga maselo a B ndi maselo a T.

Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi matenda okhudzana ndi vuto la maselo anu a B, akhoza kuyitanitsa mayeso ena omwe amapereka chidziwitso chokhudza mitundu inayake ya ma lymphocyte, monga mbiri ya lymphocyte (kuchuluka kwa maselo a T ndi B), kapena gulu la B-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Kodi tingatani kuti maselo athu a B akhale athanzi?

Palibe njira zachilengedwe zodziwika bwino zolimbikitsira maselo a B. Komabe, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chikhale chathanzi ndikuteteza maselo a B omwe muli nawo kale. Zambiri mwa zinthuzi zingawoneke ngati zanzeru, koma kwenikweni zimaletsa maselo a B a thupi lanu, ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri za chitetezo cha mthupi, kuti zisawonongeke. Monga momwe magalimoto athu amakhalira nthawi yayitali ngati atasamalidwa bwino.

Mukhoza kuchita zinthu izi kuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chikhale chathanzi:

• Pezani katemera onse omwe akulangizidwa.
• Idyani zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi.
• Sinthani bwino nkhawa zanu.
• Pewani kumwa mowa, kapena mugwiritse ntchito pang'ono.
• Pewani kusuta fodya (ndudu, vaping). Ngati mutero, siyani.
• Mugone maola osachepera asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu usiku uliwonse.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi osachepera mphindi 150 pa sabata.
• Sambani m'manja nthawi zonse ndi sopo kapena gwiritsani ntchito sanitizer ya m'manja.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa maselo a T ndi maselo a B ndi kotani?

Maselo a T, maselo a B, ndi maselo a B onse amatiteteza ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda. Koma amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'thupi. Maselo a T amatumiza zizindikiro zomwe zimalamulira chitetezo cha mthupi (izi zimatchedwa maselo othandiza T) kapena amawononga mwachindunji tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena maselo omwe ali ndi kachilombo (izi zimatchedwa maselo a cytotoxic T).

Koma maselo a B amapanga mapuloteni otchedwa ma antibodies poyankha ma antigen, omwe ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimauza thupi kuti wolowa m'thupi walowa m'thupi. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti wolowa m'thupi asaimitsidwe mwachindunji ndi maselo a B, koma ndi ma antibodies omwe maselo a B amapanga.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Kotero, popanda maselo a B, matupi athu sakanatha kupanga ma antibodies. Ma antibodies amenewa ndi mapuloteni ofunikira kwambiri omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pamodzi ndi ma lymphocyte ena ndi maselo oyera a magazi, maselo anu a B ndi omwe amakutetezani ku matenda ndikukutetezani ku maselo osayenera.

Choncho, samalirani maselo anu a B. Chitani zinthu tsiku lililonse zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chikhale chathanzi. Monga tanenera kale, idyani bwino, gonani bwino, chita masewera olimbitsa thupi, chepetsani kupsinjika maganizo, ndipo landirani jakisoni pa nthawi yake. Zinthu zosavuta izi zidzapatsa alonda ang'onoang'ono awa m'thupi lanu mphamvu zambiri.

Maselo a B, ma lymphocyte a B, ma antibodies, chitetezo chamthupi, ma lymphocyte, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, maselo a plasma, maselo okumbukira